シャドーイング練習: What If Dinosaurs Never Stopped Evolving for 66 Million Years? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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65 million years ago, dinosaurs ruled the Earth.

They dominated each time period they were in, becoming the kings of the animal kingdom.

Then suddenly, that all changed.

An asteroid came for Earth and wiped all the dinosaurs out, causing them to go extinct.

But what if things were different?

Time to turn back the clocks over 65 million years to see just what course evolution would have taken

if dinosaurs still roamed Earth.

In what ways would their bodies have changed over this time?

How would they adapt to our planet's changing environment?

And would some dinosaurs remain at the top of the food chain?

A food chain that now includes you?

This is What If?

And here's what would happen if dinosaurs never stopped evolving.

Before we reimagine the course of evolutionary history,

let's explore just what kind of catastrophic series of events could have led to the extinction of

so many dinosaur species in the first place.

Going back about 66 million years into our planet's past, the Cretaceous Period would be nearing its end.

but not before going out with a bang.

A big one.

No, not that big bang.

An asteroid named Chicxulub, with a diameter of about 10 km,

hurtled through space and our atmosphere to its final destination around the Yucatan Peninsula in modern-day Mexico.

The impact of this giant hunk of space rock released an amount of energy equivalent to about 100 trillion tons of TNT.

This explosion was billions of times more powerful than the atomic bombs dropped by the United States in World War II.

In the immediate aftermath, it led to massive tsunamis and widespread fires,

and filled the atmosphere with so much debris that it blocked the Sun.

Temperatures dropped.

Food chains were disrupted.

As a result, 75% of all life vanished from Earth.

Luckily, in our scenario, they'll never know what didn't hit them.

When you look back through the evolutionary history of life on Earth, It's important to remember that it's always been a game of survival.

And only the fittest species survive.

That would mean that of all the dinosaur species that ever existed,

not all of them would survive the millions of years of natural selection to still be around today.

But let's see if a couple of our most famous prehistoric friends make it through this genetic gauntlet.

Starting at the top of the food chain.

one of the greatest apex predators of all time, the Tyrannosaurus rex.

Many millions of years ago, a T rex would have used some of its highly sophisticated senses to hunt prey.

These beasts likely had a range of visions similar to, or better than, hawks and eagles.

The science suggests that throughout the T rex's evolution, their sight improved as their facial structure became narrower and their eyes grew larger.

After many more millions of years of evolution, their vision might have improved to unfathomable levels.

Instead of spotting prey hundreds of meters away, they could see their next meal several kilometers in the distance.

But what about other parts of their bodies?

Besides their notoriously tiny arms, the T-Rex was a towering figure, standing just under 4 meters tall.

Over time, natural selection might have favored T-Rexes with longer, more muscular arms.

By now, they might have developed better agility and range of motion to become even more formidable predators.

And they wouldn't be the only predators that may have become even more dominant over time.

Velociraptors were famous for their speed, agility, and hunting techniques.

And they were intelligent, too.

Maybe not as bright as movies like Jurassic Park make them seem, but certainly they had a leg up on some of their dumber plant-eating prey.

With millions more years of evolution, these creatures would have developed highly advanced hunting techniques.

Another thing Hollywood doesn't show you is that evidence suggests that raptors were likely covered in feathers,

and that their evolutionary trajectory is very closely linked to the emergence of birds.

Imagine over time that these feisty predators evolved to have wings, and could hunt helpless prey, like humans, from the skies.

Well, more likely it would be your pets you'd have to worry about.

Velociraptors were smaller dinos, only about 45 kg, and less than 2 m in length.

But keep an eye on Rufus and Garfield.

And maybe on the small children, too.

Now, in terms of dinosaurs that already dominated the skies, the aviation skills of pterodactyls would have also continued to develop and improve.

By the time they went extinct, these creatures were the largest known flying animals, with wingspans ranging from 2 to 11 meters.

Ugh.

If they continued to adapt to our planet's changing atmosphere and geographical shifts,

well, who's to say these gigantic flying reptiles wouldn't have continued to grow?

Can you imagine a day in the park, ruined by the surprise visit of one or more pterodactyls the size of a small building?

Now, that's something you'd have to worry about.

Not all dinosaurs would have evolved to become bigger, badder predators.

Okay, maybe gentle giants like the brontosaurus could have continued growing in size, but they might have developed other features to make them less vulnerable to predators.

For example, their skin.

Natural selection might have favored those with increasingly thicker outer layers that could withstand the powerful bites of creatures like the T-Rex,

or whatever it is the T-Rex would be known as now.

Like for the other species, there'd be so many enormous environmental changes between their era and now.

The brontosaurus was a herbivore, and as plant species underwent their own evolutionary process,

these dinosaurs would likely have developed a more complex digestive system, similar to those of mammals.

And this brings up another interesting dilemma.

If these creatures never went extinct and kept evolving, uninterrupted by a pesky space rock?

Would mammals like you be here today?

Yeah, our earliest human ancestors evolved among creatures like mammoths and saber-toothed tigers.

But now that we're adding in all these other species, only the fittest would survive.

And in that case, human evolution could have taken an entirely different course too.

Natural selection would have likely favored genes that would make us smaller and faster to avoid being eaten.

And with the possibility that we'd be living among other highly intelligent species like raptors, our social structures might be completely different too.

Instead of being the most dominant species on the planet, there's a strong chance we'd have to compete with these other dangerous predators.

If at any moment we could be raided by a pack of vicious T-Rexes, would we ever have settled down in one place?

Instead of human civilization evolving in great communities, maybe we'd only survive as solitary nomadic hunter-gatherers.

Evolution is a mysterious puzzle that only time knows the answers to.

If we reverse the course of one event, like the collision of the Chicxulub, there's basically no limit to how different your world could be today.

Which makes me wonder, what would happen if an asteroid the same size hit Earth today?

Or maybe a bigger asteroid?

Well, that's a story for another WHAT IF.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このB2レベルのスピーキングレッスンは、動画「What If Dinosaurs Never Stopped Evolving for 66 Million Years?」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：dinosaur, species, predators, evolution, Earth。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が89文、単語が1197語あります。音声の長さは8:38です。話す速さは1分あたり約139語で安定しており、シャドーイングしやすいペースです。英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は79%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。全89文のうち14文が疑問文なので、疑問文のイントネーションや短い受け答えの練習に向いています。

この動画の重要語彙

動画の中で特に難しい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
dinosaur 名詞	/ˈdaɪnəsoɹ/	恐竜
predator 名詞	/ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/	天敵
asteroid 名詞	/ˈæst(ə)ɹɔɪd/	小惑星
prey 名詞	/pɹeɪ/	獲物
extinct 形容詞	/ɪkˈstɪŋkt/	消えた
meter 名詞	/ˈmitəɹ/	メーター, 計量器
agility 名詞	/əˈd͡ʒɪl.ɪ.ti/	機敏
mammal 名詞	/ˈmæməl/	哺乳類
pterodactyl 名詞	/ˌtɛɹ.əˈdæk.təl/	プテロダクティルス, テロダクティル
velociraptor 名詞	/vəˌlɒsɪˈɹæptɚ/	ヴェロキラプトル
dominate 動詞	/ˈdɑ.məˌneɪt/	治める, 統べる
adapt 動詞	/əˈdæpt/	適応する
ancestor 名詞	/ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/	先祖, 祖先
gauntlet 名詞	/ˈɡɔːnt.lət/	籠手
herbivore 名詞	/ˈ(h)ɜːɹbɪvɔːɹ/	草食動物

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
bring up 動詞	育てる
look back 動詞	振り返る

繰り返し練習したい文

動画に出てくる短く完結した文です。日常会話でそのまま使えます。

How would they adapt to our planet's changing environment?
A food chain that now includes you?
Would mammals like you be here today?

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	were disrupted · were likely covered · would be known
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	have changed · it's always been · have developed

注意したい発音

話し手はwe'd, wouldn't, you'dなど、短縮形や弱形を12回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: mammoth /ˈmæməθ/, unfathomable /ˌʌnˈfæð(ə)məb(ə)l/, withstand /wɪðˈstænd/, feather /ˈfɛðə/, aftermath /ˈæf.tɚˌmæθ/
「sh」と「zh」の音: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/, extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/, vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/, collision /kəˈlɪʒn̩/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, agility /əˈd͡ʒɪl.ɪ.ti/, pterodactyl /ˌtɛɹ.əˈdæk.təl/, velociraptor /vəˌlɒsɪˈɹæptɚ/, notoriously /nə(ʊ)ˈtɔː.ɹɪ.əs.li/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, pterodactyl /ˌtɛɹ.əˈdæk.təl/, velociraptor /vəˌlɒsɪˈɹæptɚ/, hurtle /ˈhɜɹt(ə)l/, notoriously /nə(ʊ)ˈtɔː.ɹɪ.əs.li/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/, evolutionary /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/, velociraptor /vəˌlɒsɪˈɹæptɚ/, digestive /daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/, herbivore /ˈ(h)ɜːɹbɪvɔːɹ/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: feisty /ˈfaɪsti/, unfathomable /ˌʌnˈfæð(ə)məb(ə)l/, catastrophic /ˌkætəˈstɹɑfɪk/, formidable /ˈfɔɹmɪdəbəl/, feather /ˈfɛðə/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。dinosaur, predator, asteroidなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: What If Dinosaurs Never Stopped Evolving for 66 Million Years? - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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