쉐도잉 연습: GCSE Physics - Longitudinal & Transverse Waves - Labelling & Calculating Wave Speed (2027/28 exams) - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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In today's video, we're going to look at the basics of waves, including how to label the different parts, how to calculate the wave speed,

and the differences between transverse and longitudinal waves.

The first thing to understand about waves is that they transfer energy from one place to another, but they don't transfer any matter.

So when light waves pass from a phone screen to your eye, or sound waves pass from the speakers to your ear,

only energy is being transferred.

Sometimes though we can interpret that energy as meaningful information,

which is why our brain is able to build up images and tunes from the light and sound that it receives.

To travel from one place to another, the waves vibrate or oscillate, as we can see in this displacement distance graph.

The distance is how far the wave has travelled from the starting point,

while the displacement is how far from the equilibrium point the wave has oscillated, so how far it's gone up or down.

The maximum displacement is known as the amplitude, while the distance of one entire oscillation is called the wavelength.

So that could be from equilibrium, up, down, and back up.

Or it could be from the very top of a wave, which we call the crest, down and back up to the next crest.

It just has to be one entire oscillation.

And the opposite of the crest is called the trough.

Now, sometimes you might see a displacement time graph instead, which looks pretty much the same,

but because we have time on the x -axis instead of distance,

the length of one complete oscillation would be the time period instead of the wavelength,

and the time period is just the time it takes for one complete oscillation.

The benefit of knowing the time period is that we can then use this equation here to work out frequency,

which is measured in hertz and is the number of complete oscillations per second.

To see how it works, imagine that each oscillation takes 0 .5 seconds,

or in other words, the time period is 0 .5 seconds.

This means that there must be a total of 2 oscillations per second, so the frequency is 2,

which is what we'd get if we did 1 divided by the time period of 0 .5.

We can also use the equation the other way around, so time period equals 1 over frequency.

So if we were told that the frequency of a wave was 4 hertz, which means 4 oscillations per second,

then to find the time period, we're to just do 1 divided by 4,

which tells us that each oscillation must be 0 .25 seconds.

The next equation to know is that we can find the speed of the wave, so the wave speed, by multiplying the wavelength by the frequency.

So basically we multiply how long each wavelength is by how many there are per second,

and that will give us the total distance they travel per second.

To see how this works, let's imagine we had a sound wave that had a frequency of 400 hertz and a wavelength of 70 centimeters.

what is its wave speed well in this case all we'd

have to do is convert the 70 centimeters to 0 .7 meters

because we always want our wavelength in meters

and then multiply it by the frequency of 400 hertz which gives us 280 meters per second as our wave speed

The last thing we need to look at are the differences between transverse and longitudinal waves.

In transverse waves, the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer,

or the direction in which the wave is moving.

Which is why on our drawing, the vibrations are going up and down, whilst the overall wave is travelling from left to right.

Most waves we can think of are transverse, including all electromagnetic waves like light and radio waves,

ripples and waves in water, and the waves of strings like on a guitar are.

Longitudinal waves, on the other hand, have oscillations that are parallel to the direction of energy transfer.

This one's a bit trickier to get your head around, but basically it leads to some regions that are more spread out,

and other regions that are more compressed, because the wave is vibrating back and forth.

In motion, it would look as if this area of compression is moving from the left to the right within the wave.

Examples of longitudinal waves include sound waves and some types of shock waves, like seismic P waves.

If you haven't heard yet, you can find all of our videos on our website, cognito .org.

You'll also find questions, flashcards, exam -style questions, and past papers.

And we track all of your progress so that you always know what to study next.

So sign up for free by clicking here, or browse our playlist here on YouTube.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “GCSE Physics - Longitudinal & Transverse Waves - Labelling & Calculating Wave Speed”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: wave, oscillation, frequency, period, wavelength. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 52개와 단어 807개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 6:26입니다. 화자는 분당 약 125단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 단어의 83%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
frequency 명사	/ˈfɹiːkwənsi/	빈도
meter 명사	/ˈmitəɹ/	계량기
equation 명사	/ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/	방정식
crest 명사	/kɹɛst/	볏
divide 동사	/dɪˈvaɪd/	나누다, 가르다
graph 명사	/ɡɹæf/	그래프, 도표
equilibrium 명사	/ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/	평형
guitar 명사	/ɡɪˈtɑɹ/	기타
shock 명사	/ʃɔk/	충격, 쇼크
label 명사	/ˈleɪ.bəl/	라벨, 레이블
string 명사	/stɹɪŋ/	끈
parallel 형용사	/ˈpæ.ɹəˌlɛl/	평행의
tune 명사	/tjuːn/	곡, 곡조
meaningful 형용사	/ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/	유의미(有意味)하다
axis 명사	/ˈæksɪs/	축

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
go up 동사	올라가다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	being transferred · is known · is called
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	has travelled · has oscillated · haven't heard

주의할 발음

화자는 we'd, we're, don't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 7번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: wavelength /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/, trough /tɹɔθ/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, shock /ʃɔk/, compression /kəmˈpɹɛʃ.ən/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, oscillation /ˌɒ.sɪˈleɪ.ʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: equilibrium /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/, electromagnetic /ɪˌlɛk.tɹoʊ.mæɡˈnɛ.tɪk/, oscillation /ˌɒ.sɪˈleɪ.ʃən/, longitudinal /ˌlɔn.dʒɪˈtu.dɪ.nəl/, perpendicular /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: frequency /ˈfɹiːkwənsi/, graph /ɡɹæf/, meaningful /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fl̩/, flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, convert /kənˈvɝt/, vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, wavelength /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/, vibrate /ˈvaɪ.bɹeɪt/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: exam /ɪɡˈzæm/, browse /bɹaʊz/, seismic /ˈsaɪzmɪk/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, frequency, meter, equation 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: GCSE Physics - Longitudinal & Transverse Waves - Labelling & Calculating Wave Speed (2027/28 exams) - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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