쉐도잉 연습: Quick Study: How Venture Capitalists Make Decisions - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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My name is Elis Stravloff
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and I'm a professor at the Stanford Graduate School of Business as well as the founder
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and director of our venture capital initiative.
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Unless you know where to look, you might not see it, but venture capitalists or VCs are probably having a major impact on your life every single day.
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VCs are people who invest in small, risky, high -growth startups.
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And they often invest in companies that are trying to change our world.
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Think about Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Zoom, many other tech giants.
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They were all funded by VCs back when they were very small companies.
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My team and I tracked the successful COVID vaccines and found that about half are delivered by companies supported by venture capital.
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And even though it's in the news a lot more during tech booms, this powerful sector of the economy predates the Internet.
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My research shows that since the 1970s, the VC industry is behind about a third of all large publicly trade companies created in the United States.
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So how do these influential people choose what ideas to fund?
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Even many company founders seeking venture capital money don't really seem to understand the VC mindset, as I call it.
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That's what my research set out to demystify.
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My team and I found that the most important stage is what's referred to as deal selection.
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Deal selection is after they've already identified a startup to consider, but before VCs decide whether to invest in it or not to invest.
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During the deal selection process, VCs put every potential investment through something they call the deal funnel.
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On average, a hundred startups go into the deal funnel and only one comes out.
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Meaning that VCs invest in about one startup for each hundred that they consider.
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The first part of the funnel is typically where VCs evaluate the business model and the setup idea.
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Often VCs will say, well, the market is obviously too small, so therefore we don't have any interest.
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If the startup passes that stage, then VCs will typically meet with the founding team to evaluate them.
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Again, often enough VCs will say, well, the The business is interesting, but we are not impressed by the founding team.
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That's another startup squeezed out of the narrowing funnel.
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At the next stage, which relatively few deals reach, they'll bring this startup to their partners.
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And then the partners will decide to proceed with very careful due diligence on only some of the deals.
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On average, this entire process takes almost three months, and it's highly selective.
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What we found was that the median venture capital firm considers about 400 deals a year and only invests in four.
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That highly selective process benefits us all down the line.
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For example, my research shows that without venture capitalists, companies like Zoom might not have been identified, created, funded or scaled up.
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And of course, had Zoom not existed, our experience during the COVID pandemic would have been quite different.
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VCs' rigorous decision -making process can increase the success rate of companies that change our lives.
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So, how can a business idea make it through the deal funnel?
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My team and I talked to almost 900 venture capitalists at over 700 firms, asking these questions, many of those for the first time.
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We found that in order to try and minimize risk, VCs tend to concentrate on what I call the jockey rather than the horse.
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The jockey is the founders and the early management team of a company.
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In other words, the human element, the human capital.
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The horse is everything else – the product, business model, market, technology.
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Most VCs will not invest unless they have complete trust in that early management team that they can execute on the idea.
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Even with the best horse, VCs figure that without a good jockey to ride it, it will not be winning the race.
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Putting together those hundreds of surveys and conversations with venture capitalists, we've started to get a clearer picture of who they are and who they aren't.
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It turns out that the VC mindset is very different from other financial investors.
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They consider many more opportunities to start with.
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Other investors will not have as wide deal funnel as venture capitalists.
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VCs are also much more ready to take on risks, And they are much more likely to co -invest with other venture capitalists, so they're a part of a larger ecosystem.
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Because of all these differences, VCs have to come up with their own financial strategies.
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Because the standard financial models, like the ones we teach our MBA students here at Stanford, aren't really.. applicable that much to early -stage companies.
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Concepts like net present value or discounted cash flow techniques just aren't that much in use,
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since you can't predict future cash flows of an idea or forecast revenue without reliable data.
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And the data for these startups just doesn't exist yet.
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So, if you are not investing millions in startups, how does this all relate to you?
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Well, we can all probably benefit from thinking a little bit more like VCs.
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For example, people tend to be extremely risk -averse.
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So are corporate decision -makers.
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And when you invest, that actually might not be a bad idea, but when you are trying something new, either in your personal or professional life,
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being willing to fail and staying flexible is beneficial.
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That's what the VC mindset is all about.
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VCs have a lot to teach us about doing plenty of research before making decisions, but also experimenting and keeping an open mind.
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That's how you've been big in business.
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And the same is true in life.
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 60개와 단어 949개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 5:55입니다. 화자는 분당 약 160단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 단어의 82%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| venture 동사 | /ˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ/ | 감행하다 |
| capitalist 명사 | /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/ | 자본가 |
| founder 명사 | /ˈfaʊ̯n.dəː/ | 창설자, 설립자 |
| jockey 명사 | /ˈd͡ʒɑki/ | 기수 |
| evaluate 동사 | /ɪˈvaljʊeɪt/ | 평가하다 |
| investor 명사 | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | 투자자 |
| technique 명사 | /tɛkˈniːk/ | 기술 |
| element 명사 | /ˈɛləmənt/ | 요소 |
| refer 동사 | /ɹɪˈfɜː/ | 언급하다 |
| narrow 형용사 | /ˈnæɹəʊ/ | 좁은, 좁다 |
| experiment 명사 | /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ | 실험 |
| initiative 명사 | /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/ | 진취력, 진취성 |
| discount 명사 | /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ | 할인 |
| reliable 형용사 | /ɹɪˈlaɪəbl̩/ | 믿음직스럽다 |
| applicable 형용사 | /əˈplɪk.ə.bəl/ | 적용할 수 있는 |
영상에 나오는 구동사
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| come out 동사 | /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ | 나오다 |
| put together 동사 | 조립하다 |
이 영상의 문법
화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 문형 | 영상 속 표현 |
|---|---|
| 현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때 | they've already identified · we've started · you've been |
| 수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점 | are delivered · are not impressed · have been identified |
주의할 발음
화자는 aren't, don't, can't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 13번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “sh”와 “zh” 소리: initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/, beneficial /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əl/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/, experiment /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/, initiative /ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/, applicable /əˈplɪk.ə.bəl/, influential /ɪnflʊˈɛnʃəl/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, venture, capitalist, founder 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.