쉐도잉 연습: Should you learn low-frequency words? My approach as a polyglot - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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How hard should we try to learn low frequency vocabulary?

I think many of us are familiar with the idea that maybe 500, a thousand words will account for,

you know, 50 % or 70 % of any given context.

So very often the advice given is just learn those high frequency words and you'll be able to do very well.

That has not been my strategy and I'm going to explain to you why, but let me first of all say

that the most important thing is what do you want to

do what are your goals what gives you a sense of satisfaction

when you are engaged in learning the language do you feel

this is what I want to be doing I want to

be learning the language I want to be focusing in on high frequency words

or I want to be pushing myself to learn more low frequency words ultimately it's up to you the learner

because if you enjoy what you're doing you'll continue doing it and the whole thing is in language learning, it takes a long time.

You have to be in some kind of a learning process that's likely to continue.

But if I look at my statistics that link with Arabic, which is my most recent language, along with Persian, but a language that I have found,

you know, a lot of work.

If you look at my statistics, you'll see that I have read over a million words and I have saved, I'm going from memory here, but over 90 ,000 links.

That means I have looked up 90 ,000 words.

and got some kind of a meaning uh of those the system tells me

that i know 36 000 of these words

simply because i don't look them up

when i see them i've converted them to known do i

really know these words i don't know i'm certainly not able to use them

and so when we contemplate you know to what extent do we pursue low frequency words part of

that uh you know discussion is do I want to focus in on words

that I can use

and there is a table from the common European framework of reference for languages which shows

that beginners people who have a small vocabulary who are early

on in the language actually are able to retrieve use a

higher percentage of their passive vocabulary than is the case later on

and it's not surprising but as we acquire more

and more words more and more passive words uh

which in my case in arabic is 35 000 words

which i don't believe i think i've forgotten most of those

but as we have more and more passive vocabulary apparently there's a certain plateau effect

which kicks in where the brain is is reluctant to try to retrieve these words uh new words

or to activate more of the new words that the brain has learned

because it's more comfortable to just use the words that it has already used before.

So that the percentage of words that we can activate from our passive vocabulary becomes less and less.

So then the question is, why do I pursue low frequency vocabulary?

First of all, I've mentioned this before, but frequency declines very, very quickly.

So once we've learned 500 ,000 most frequent words in a language, we are chasing words that generally don't show up that often.

And so at that point,

we have to adopt strategies that would create a greater likelihood that these low frequency words will show up.

So in my case, I do a lot of listening to politics and history and things of that nature so that, you know, economics and politics and,

you know, political parties and those kinds of terms, which are in fact low frequency, will show up more often.

And there's even some theory of the island effect where, you know, if we can create sort of an island of familiar content,

then obviously we're going to do better at learning those words.

So those are things that we can do.

To what extent it helps, I don't know.

But the question then becomes, so why do I chase this high word count?

Why do I want to have a high number of known words, even if the value of that statistic is questionable?

Well, first of all, pursuing the high word count drives me to engage with more demanding content.

It's part of what I find satisfying, even though it's difficult.

It seems that there is an unending quantity of words that I have to learn, particularly in Arabic but it drives me into the things

that I've been listening to from MTV Lebanon and things of that nature.

And I find that when I speak with my tutor, even though I have trouble talking about daily things,

I always surprise my tutor in terms of what I can use vocabulary and the extent to which we can talk, albeit with difficulty and albeit with mistakes,

we can talk about difficult subjects and i find that more interesting

so it gets back to my first point you have to do things

that you find genuinely satisfying because you know if you do things

that are satisfying you will continue doing it and the difficulty with pursuing

a limited range of vocabulary you will only cover a limited range of subject matter

you will limit yourself in what you're learning

and since whatever we learn in the language the chances are

we're going to forget it anyway we have to keep on seeing these words in different contexts

and again research shows

that the greater the variety of content where we encounter these

words the more likely we are going to remember them so

if you are pursuing a limited range of vocabulary you are limiting yourself whereas

when i pursue these content items

which have you know lower frequency vocabulary in them i'm also

coming across some high frequency vocabulary in a great variety of different contexts all of

that is helping me connect to the language

because we don't learn the words as i've mentioned before and put them way in a filing cabinet, we learn words, we encounter words,

we engage with them that activates things in our brain, a web of connectivity, which is related to that language.

So the key thing is to keep doing it and ultimately,

and having as wide a variety of engagement with the language as possible in order that you can learn the language.

So the high word count in my case, for example, for Arabic, and I'm going to be, by the way, doing an interview with my Arabic tutor Hassan on Thursday.

And you'll see that I struggle.

I struggle.

However, I feel the word count, which necessarily means, you know, low frequency words, is an indication of my potential in the language.

So if I were put in a situation where I had to speak a lot, I would very quickly improve.

If I only have a limited range of vocabulary, that's kind of my limit.

That's as much as I'm going to achieve.

So the word count is an indication of the potential in the language.

Now I need lots of opportunity to use the language to start to activate.

And even then, I'm sure that the amount of vocabulary

that I can activate out of my 35 ,000 theoretically known words is going to be, you know, 15, 20%, maybe.

The other thing about the word count, and in fact, with all of our statistics at LingQ, is that it is an indication of your level of activity.

And I've always felt that in language learning, it's kind of difficult to evaluate people based on how well they speak, how well they use grammar,

their pronunciation, all of these things sometimes improve, sometimes don't, sometimes they're better than at other times.

The key thing is maintaining a level of activity and the statistics that link, and in particular, the number of words that I know is an indication of how active I have been.

I have read that much.

I have listened that much.

I've listened so often

that at some point I came across one of these 35 ,000 words in a given text at link

and I moved it to known.

I figured I knew it well enough in that context

that I moved it to known or based on one of our algorithms it was moved to known.

100

So the known word total as is the case with the number of links I have created is an indication

101

that I have been very active and if you are active you will improve.

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However as I've said before a specific skill like speaking you have to have a lot of opportunity to speak

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but here again I believe

104

that a broader vocabulary including a lot of low frequency vocabulary

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items gives you the potential to really progress in the language

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when the opportunity arises

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so my feeling is do what you want to do uh

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you different people have different motives maybe you're going to Spain or Mexico for two weeks.

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You have more limited objectives.

110

However, in my case, and I think for a lot of people who want to engage with the language in order to understand the history,

111

eventually to have more authentic conversations, to follow podcasts, which I'm able to do in Persian,

112

Arabic, and a lot of other languages, read up on history.

113

I think it's worthwhile putting that extra effort.

114

You can still work on your high frequency words at times if you're getting ready for a conversation.

115

However, I think it's worth it, despite the fact that it's a long road to keep on pushing that low -frequency vocabulary.

116

Thank you for listening.

117

Bye for now.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 117개와 단어 1639개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 9:18입니다. 화자는 분당 약 176단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 단어의 84%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
vocabulary 명사	/vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/	어휘, 어휘력
frequency 명사	/ˈfɹiːkwənsi/	빈도
pursue 동사	/pɚˈsu/	뒤쫓다
indication 명사	/ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/	부호
passive 형용사	/ˈpæs.ɪv/	수동태
satisfy 동사	/ˈsætɪsfaɪ/	만족시키다
tutor 명사	/ˈtjuːtəː/	튜터
percentage 명사	/pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/	백분율, 백분비
chase 동사	/t͡ʃeɪs/	쫓다
difficulty 명사	/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/	어려움
encounter 동사	/ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/	만나다, 부닥치다
economics 명사	/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/	경제학
skill 명사	/skɪl/	기술, 스킬
connect 동사	/kəˈnɛkt/	잇다, 연결하다
objective 명사	/ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/	목적

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
조건문 if + 절, will/would + 동사 — 조건과 그 결과	if you enjoy what you're doing you'll continue · If you look at my statistics, you'll see · if you are active you will improve
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	has not been · have found · have read
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	Arabic, which is · people who have · terms, which are
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	were put · was moved

주의할 발음

화자는 I'm, I've, don't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 35번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/, satisfaction /sætɪsˈfækʃən/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
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자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, vocabulary, frequency, pursue 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Should you learn low-frequency words? My approach as a polyglot - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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