Практика Shadowing: Should you learn low-frequency words? My approach as a polyglot - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Выберите режим практики
Каждый режим открывает полноэкранную комнату практики.
117 предложений
Если предложения слишком короткие или длинные, нажмите Edit, чтобы их изменить.
1
How hard should we try to learn low frequency vocabulary?
2
I think many of us are familiar with the idea that maybe 500, a thousand words will account for,
3
you know, 50 % or 70 % of any given context.
4
So very often the advice given is just learn those high frequency words and you'll be able to do very well.
5
That has not been my strategy and I'm going to explain to you why, but let me first of all say
6
that the most important thing is what do you want to
7
do what are your goals what gives you a sense of satisfaction
8
when you are engaged in learning the language do you feel
9
this is what I want to be doing I want to
10
be learning the language I want to be focusing in on high frequency words
11
or I want to be pushing myself to learn more low frequency words ultimately it's up to you the learner
12
because if you enjoy what you're doing you'll continue doing it and the whole thing is in language learning, it takes a long time.
13
You have to be in some kind of a learning process that's likely to continue.
14
But if I look at my statistics that link with Arabic, which is my most recent language, along with Persian, but a language that I have found,
15
you know, a lot of work.
16
If you look at my statistics, you'll see that I have read over a million words and I have saved, I'm going from memory here, but over 90 ,000 links.
17
That means I have looked up 90 ,000 words.
18
and got some kind of a meaning uh of those the system tells me
19
that i know 36 000 of these words
20
simply because i don't look them up
21
when i see them i've converted them to known do i
22
really know these words i don't know i'm certainly not able to use them
23
and so when we contemplate you know to what extent do we pursue low frequency words part of
24
that uh you know discussion is do I want to focus in on words
25
that I can use
26
and there is a table from the common European framework of reference for languages which shows
27
that beginners people who have a small vocabulary who are early
28
on in the language actually are able to retrieve use a
29
higher percentage of their passive vocabulary than is the case later on
30
and it's not surprising but as we acquire more
31
and more words more and more passive words uh
32
which in my case in arabic is 35 000 words
33
which i don't believe i think i've forgotten most of those
34
but as we have more and more passive vocabulary apparently there's a certain plateau effect
35
which kicks in where the brain is is reluctant to try to retrieve these words uh new words
36
or to activate more of the new words that the brain has learned
37
because it's more comfortable to just use the words that it has already used before.
38
So that the percentage of words that we can activate from our passive vocabulary becomes less and less.
39
So then the question is, why do I pursue low frequency vocabulary?
40
First of all, I've mentioned this before, but frequency declines very, very quickly.
41
So once we've learned 500 ,000 most frequent words in a language, we are chasing words that generally don't show up that often.
42
And so at that point,
43
we have to adopt strategies that would create a greater likelihood that these low frequency words will show up.
44
So in my case, I do a lot of listening to politics and history and things of that nature so that, you know, economics and politics and,
45
you know, political parties and those kinds of terms, which are in fact low frequency, will show up more often.
46
And there's even some theory of the island effect where, you know, if we can create sort of an island of familiar content,
47
then obviously we're going to do better at learning those words.
48
So those are things that we can do.
49
To what extent it helps, I don't know.
50
But the question then becomes, so why do I chase this high word count?
51
Why do I want to have a high number of known words, even if the value of that statistic is questionable?
52
Well, first of all, pursuing the high word count drives me to engage with more demanding content.
53
It's part of what I find satisfying, even though it's difficult.
54
It seems that there is an unending quantity of words that I have to learn, particularly in Arabic but it drives me into the things
55
that I've been listening to from MTV Lebanon and things of that nature.
56
And I find that when I speak with my tutor, even though I have trouble talking about daily things,
57
I always surprise my tutor in terms of what I can use vocabulary and the extent to which we can talk, albeit with difficulty and albeit with mistakes,
58
we can talk about difficult subjects and i find that more interesting
59
so it gets back to my first point you have to do things
60
that you find genuinely satisfying because you know if you do things
61
that are satisfying you will continue doing it and the difficulty with pursuing
62
a limited range of vocabulary you will only cover a limited range of subject matter
63
you will limit yourself in what you're learning
64
and since whatever we learn in the language the chances are
65
we're going to forget it anyway we have to keep on seeing these words in different contexts
66
and again research shows
67
that the greater the variety of content where we encounter these
68
words the more likely we are going to remember them so
69
if you are pursuing a limited range of vocabulary you are limiting yourself whereas
70
when i pursue these content items
71
which have you know lower frequency vocabulary in them i'm also
72
coming across some high frequency vocabulary in a great variety of different contexts all of
73
that is helping me connect to the language
74
because we don't learn the words as i've mentioned before and put them way in a filing cabinet, we learn words, we encounter words,
75
we engage with them that activates things in our brain, a web of connectivity, which is related to that language.
76
So the key thing is to keep doing it and ultimately,
77
and having as wide a variety of engagement with the language as possible in order that you can learn the language.
78
So the high word count in my case, for example, for Arabic, and I'm going to be, by the way, doing an interview with my Arabic tutor Hassan on Thursday.
79
And you'll see that I struggle.
80
I struggle.
81
However, I feel the word count, which necessarily means, you know, low frequency words, is an indication of my potential in the language.
82
So if I were put in a situation where I had to speak a lot, I would very quickly improve.
83
If I only have a limited range of vocabulary, that's kind of my limit.
84
That's as much as I'm going to achieve.
85
So the word count is an indication of the potential in the language.
86
Now I need lots of opportunity to use the language to start to activate.
87
And even then, I'm sure that the amount of vocabulary
88
that I can activate out of my 35 ,000 theoretically known words is going to be, you know, 15, 20%, maybe.
89
The other thing about the word count, and in fact, with all of our statistics at LingQ, is that it is an indication of your level of activity.
90
And I've always felt that in language learning, it's kind of difficult to evaluate people based on how well they speak, how well they use grammar,
91
their pronunciation, all of these things sometimes improve, sometimes don't, sometimes they're better than at other times.
92
The key thing is maintaining a level of activity and the statistics that link, and in particular, the number of words that I know is an indication of how active I have been.
93
I have read that much.
94
I have listened that much.
95
I've listened so often
96
that at some point I came across one of these 35 ,000 words in a given text at link
97
and I moved it to known.
98
I figured I knew it well enough in that context
99
that I moved it to known or based on one of our algorithms it was moved to known.
100
So the known word total as is the case with the number of links I have created is an indication
101
that I have been very active and if you are active you will improve.
102
However as I've said before a specific skill like speaking you have to have a lot of opportunity to speak
103
but here again I believe
104
that a broader vocabulary including a lot of low frequency vocabulary
105
items gives you the potential to really progress in the language
106
when the opportunity arises
107
so my feeling is do what you want to do uh
108
you different people have different motives maybe you're going to Spain or Mexico for two weeks.
109
You have more limited objectives.
110
However, in my case, and I think for a lot of people who want to engage with the language in order to understand the history,
111
eventually to have more authentic conversations, to follow podcasts, which I'm able to do in Persian,
112
Arabic, and a lot of other languages, read up on history.
113
I think it's worthwhile putting that extra effort.
114
You can still work on your high frequency words at times if you're getting ready for a conversation.
115
However, I think it's worth it, despite the fact that it's a long road to keep on pushing that low -frequency vocabulary.
116
Thank you for listening.
117
Bye for now.
Скачать приложение
Всё для свободной речи
ИИ-оценка произношенияОценка каждой фразы
Практика IPAОсвойте каждый звук
СловарьСоберите свой словарный запас
Игра со словамиУчитесь играя
📺 Тот же канал
B21
Apprendre une langue, c’est s’y habituer
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
To get fluent in a language… find another interest
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C1Task-Based Language Learning
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C14
Do This if You Understand But Can't Speak
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
How To Improve Your Listening Skills
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B24
How To Improve Your Reading Comprehension
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B25
The Key to Improved Listening Comprehension
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
C11
Can we learn to sound native in another language?
University StudentsWorking Adults
B22
Learn any language with point-of-view stories
Travel EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B26
Chunking: the secret to fluency?
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C1Why reading is the KILLER APP for language learning
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
7 tips for staying motivated when learning a language
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
My Method for Learning Languages from Scratch
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B27 reasons to listen before you read
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C1Want to learn faster? Reduce cognitive load
Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B1My Top 7 Tips For Improving Your Listening Skills
Daily ConversationHigh School StudentsUniversity Students
✨ Рекомендуемое видео
B23
86 предложений
How to Learn English Vocabulary
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B21
22 предложений
How to Learn Any Language in 6 Months: My 4-Step Polyglot Formula
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
183 предложений
how I would study Spanish (if I could start over) ⊹ resources & tips
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
127 предложений
How I only study Arabic 10 minutes a day.
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
106 предложений
Why Some People Become Fluent — and Others Stay Stuck
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B21
164 предложений
how i learned 7+ languages: tips no one talks about (for some reason)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B275 предложений
Understand ANY English Word (No Dictionary Needed!)
Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
C1214 предложений
How to Learn Vocabulary in ANY Language (backed by science)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
B26
234 предложений
Steve Kaufman | Meeting and Chatting in Osaka
American AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
B23
427 предложений
7 Ways You're Overcomplicating English Learning
American AccentBusiness EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
В этом видео 117 предложений и 1639 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 9:18. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 176 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. 84% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| vocabulary существительное | /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/ | слова́рь, слова́рный запа́с |
| frequency существительное | /ˈfɹiːkwənsi/ | частота́ |
| pursue глагол | /pɚˈsu/ | пресле́довать, гна́ться |
| indication существительное | /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/ | указание |
| activate глагол | /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/ | активизи́ровать, активи́ровать |
| passive прилагательное | /ˈpæs.ɪv/ | пасси́вный, безде́ятельный |
| extent существительное | /ɪkˈstɛnt/ | сте́пень, объём |
| satisfy глагол | /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ | удовлетворя́ть, удовлетвори́ть |
| tutor существительное | /ˈtjuːtəː/ | репети́тор |
| percentage существительное | /pə(ɹ)ˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ | проце́нт, проце́нтное отноше́ние |
| chase глагол | /t͡ʃeɪs/ | гоня́ть, погоня́ть |
| difficulty существительное | /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ | тру́дность, сло́жность |
| encounter глагол | /ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/ | встре́тить, столкну́ться |
| albeit | /ɔlˈbi.ɪt/ | хотя́ |
| retrieve глагол | /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/ | оты́скивать, отыска́ть |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| show up глагол | объявля́ться, объяви́ться | |
| look up глагол | /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ | улучша́ться |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Условные предложения if + предложение, will/would + глагол — условие и его результат | if you enjoy what you're doing you'll continue · If you look at my statistics, you'll see · if you are active you will improve |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has not been · have found · have read |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | Arabic, which is · people who have · terms, which are |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | are engaged · were put · was moved |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 35 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например I'm, I've, don't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: authentic /ɔˈθɛn.tɪk/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/, satisfaction /sætɪsˈfækʃən/, pronunciation /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: vocabulary /vəˈkæb.jə.lə.ɹi/, indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, economics /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как vocabulary, frequency, pursue.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.