쉐도잉 연습: SVINutes: Pulsatile Tinnitus - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Hello, my name is Dr. Fazeev Siddiqui.
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I'm a clinical adjunct professor at the University of Michigan at Michigan State University.
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Today, I will guide you through the evaluation of pulsatile tinnitus, a condition that can reveal critical underlying vascular abnormalities.
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Pulsed-style tinnitus is a rhythmic sound often in sync with the heartbeat.
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Unlike common tinnitus, typically a ringing sound, pulsed-style tinnitus is often caused by vascular abnormalities that create vibrations transmitted to the ear.
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Pulse slide tinnitus can be heard as whooshing, thumping, or whooping noises.
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A thorough assessment is crucial.
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The first step, always take a comprehensive history.
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Ask about the timing and onset and if it's unilateral or bilateral.
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Next, move to the physical exam.
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Pay close attention to blood pressure as hypertension can contribute.
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Don't forget to auscultate the neck and skull for any bruise, indicating turbulent blood flow pointing to an underlying vascular issue.
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If the initial assessment is concerning, the next step is imaging.
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A brain MRI with MR angiography
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or a CT angiogram is typically the first line modality to evaluate for vascular abnormalities like arteriovenous malformation or dural fistula.
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A diagnostic cerebral endogram can be performed if there is a strong suspicion on screening non-invasive imaging.
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Common causes include arteriovenous malformation, dural arteriovenous fistula, and carotid artery stenosis.
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Other less common causes include venous sinus stenosis, sigmoid diverticulum, aberrant carotid artery, and cerebral aneurysm.
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Recognizing these early can prevent severe complications like a stroke or hemorrhage.
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A dual arterial systula is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins within the dual matter.
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This bypasses the normal capillary system, forcing high-pressure arterial blood directly into the venous system.
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The result is turbulent blood flow in the dual venous sinuses.
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This turbulence generates vibrations which can be transmitted through the surrounding tissue to the cochlea, causing pulsed tinnitus.
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If left untreated, dural arterioleus fistula can lead to complications like intracranial hemorrhage or venous congestion, making early diagnosis critical.
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Another common vascular cause of pulsed tinnitus is carotid artery stenosis, which occurs when and the carotid artery narrows due to plaque buildup or other factors.
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This narrowing creates turbulent blood flow as the high-pressure blood moves through the constricted segment.
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Carotid artery stenosis is a significant risk for ischemic stroke and, if identified early, can be managed safely with carotid enderectomy or stenting.
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Venous disorders are another important cause of pustile tinnitus.
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Common conditions include venous sinus stenosis, which narrows major venous pathways like the the transfer sinus or sigmoid sinus,
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leading to turbulent blood flow and elevated venous pressure.
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Other venous causes include jugular bulb abnormalities, such as high riding bulb or diverticulum, which may create vibrations that propagate to the inner ear.
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Recognizing venous causes early is crucial, as they may contribute to symptoms of intracanial hypertension or other complications requiring targeted treatment.
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Let's look at a quick case.
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A 78-year-old man with a remote history of pulsoil tinnitus presented with headaches.
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An MRI brain revealed a cerebellar hematoma.
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A diagnostic angiogram demonstrated a high-grade complex arteriovenous fistula with multiple arterial feeders.
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Multiple arterial embolization attempts could not completely resolve the fistula.
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Hence, a coil embolization of the non-functional left transfer sinus was performed.
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A complete cure was achieved after the venous sinus sacrifice the patient did well clinically the patient did well clinically.
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To sum up, pulse light tinnitus should always prompt a careful history, physical exam, and if needed, vascular imaging.
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Early identification of vascular causes is essential for preventing complications.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 41개와 단어 588개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 4:51입니다. 화자는 분당 약 121단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 57%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어발음뜻
pulse 명사/pʌls/맥박
artery 명사/ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/동맥
narrow 형용사/ˈnæɹəʊ/좁은, 좁다
vibration 명사/vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/진동
assessment 명사/əˈsɛsmənt/평가
reveal 동사/ɹɪˈviːl/나타내다, 드러내다
examination 명사/ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/진찰, 검사
bulb 명사/ˈbʌlb/알뿌리
occur 동사/əˈkɜː/일어나다, 발생하다
remote 형용사/ɹəˈməʊt̞/원격, 먼
comprehensive 형용사/ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/포괄적인
indicate 동사/ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/가리키다
cure 동사/kjɔː/치료하다, 고치다
tissue 명사/ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/조직
disorder 명사/dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/혼란

주의할 발음

  • “th” 소리: thorough /ˈθʌɹoʊ/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, rhythmic /ˈɹɪð.mɪk/, thump /θʌmp/
  • “sh”와 “zh” 소리: vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/
  • 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, diagnostic /ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnɑ.stɪk/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

  1. 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
  2. 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
  3. 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, pulse, artery, narrow 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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