跟讀練習: SVINutes: Pulsatile Tinnitus - 通過影片學習英語口語
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41 句
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Hello, my name is Dr. Fazeev Siddiqui.
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I'm a clinical adjunct professor at the University of Michigan at Michigan State University.
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Today, I will guide you through the evaluation of pulsatile tinnitus, a condition that can reveal critical underlying vascular abnormalities.
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Pulsed-style tinnitus is a rhythmic sound often in sync with the heartbeat.
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Unlike common tinnitus, typically a ringing sound, pulsed-style tinnitus is often caused by vascular abnormalities that create vibrations transmitted to the ear.
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Pulse slide tinnitus can be heard as whooshing, thumping, or whooping noises.
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A thorough assessment is crucial.
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The first step, always take a comprehensive history.
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Ask about the timing and onset and if it's unilateral or bilateral.
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Next, move to the physical exam.
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Pay close attention to blood pressure as hypertension can contribute.
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Don't forget to auscultate the neck and skull for any bruise, indicating turbulent blood flow pointing to an underlying vascular issue.
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If the initial assessment is concerning, the next step is imaging.
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A brain MRI with MR angiography
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or a CT angiogram is typically the first line modality to evaluate for vascular abnormalities like arteriovenous malformation or dural fistula.
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A diagnostic cerebral endogram can be performed if there is a strong suspicion on screening non-invasive imaging.
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Common causes include arteriovenous malformation, dural arteriovenous fistula, and carotid artery stenosis.
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Other less common causes include venous sinus stenosis, sigmoid diverticulum, aberrant carotid artery, and cerebral aneurysm.
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Recognizing these early can prevent severe complications like a stroke or hemorrhage.
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A dual arterial systula is an abnormal connection between arteries and veins within the dual matter.
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This bypasses the normal capillary system, forcing high-pressure arterial blood directly into the venous system.
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The result is turbulent blood flow in the dual venous sinuses.
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This turbulence generates vibrations which can be transmitted through the surrounding tissue to the cochlea, causing pulsed tinnitus.
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If left untreated, dural arterioleus fistula can lead to complications like intracranial hemorrhage or venous congestion, making early diagnosis critical.
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Another common vascular cause of pulsed tinnitus is carotid artery stenosis, which occurs when and the carotid artery narrows due to plaque buildup or other factors.
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This narrowing creates turbulent blood flow as the high-pressure blood moves through the constricted segment.
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Carotid artery stenosis is a significant risk for ischemic stroke and, if identified early, can be managed safely with carotid enderectomy or stenting.
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Venous disorders are another important cause of pustile tinnitus.
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Common conditions include venous sinus stenosis, which narrows major venous pathways like the the transfer sinus or sigmoid sinus,
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leading to turbulent blood flow and elevated venous pressure.
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Other venous causes include jugular bulb abnormalities, such as high riding bulb or diverticulum, which may create vibrations that propagate to the inner ear.
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Recognizing venous causes early is crucial, as they may contribute to symptoms of intracanial hypertension or other complications requiring targeted treatment.
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Let's look at a quick case.
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A 78-year-old man with a remote history of pulsoil tinnitus presented with headaches.
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An MRI brain revealed a cerebellar hematoma.
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A diagnostic angiogram demonstrated a high-grade complex arteriovenous fistula with multiple arterial feeders.
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Multiple arterial embolization attempts could not completely resolve the fistula.
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Hence, a coil embolization of the non-functional left transfer sinus was performed.
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A complete cure was achieved after the venous sinus sacrifice the patient did well clinically the patient did well clinically.
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To sum up, pulse light tinnitus should always prompt a careful history, physical exam, and if needed, vascular imaging.
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Early identification of vascular causes is essential for preventing complications.
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這段影片共有 41 個句子、588 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 4:51。 說話人語速平穩，每分鐘約 121 個詞，很適合跟讀。 只有 57% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| vascular 形容詞 | /ˈvæskjələ/ | 脈管的, 導管的 |
| pulse 名詞 | /pʌls/ | 脈 /脈, 脈搏 /脈搏 |
| artery 名詞 | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | 動脈 /動脈 |
| narrow 形容詞 | /ˈnæɹəʊ/ | 窄 |
| dual 形容詞 | /ˈdul/ | 雙數 /雙數 |
| vibration 名詞 | /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/ | 振動 /振動, 振盪 /振盪 |
| assessment 名詞 | /əˈsɛsmənt/ | 評價 /評價, 評估 /評估 |
| reveal 動詞 | /ɹɪˈviːl/ | 透露, 顯示 /顯示 |
| contribute 動詞 | /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/ | 貢獻 /貢獻 |
| crucial 形容詞 | /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/ | 關鍵的 /關鍵的, 決定性的 /決定性的 |
| examination 名詞 | /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ | 檢查 /檢查 |
| underlying 形容詞 | 根本, 基本 | |
| bulb 名詞 | /ˈbʌlb/ | 鱗莖 /鱗莖 |
| cerebral 形容詞 | /səˈɹi.bɹəl/ | 大腦的 /大腦的 |
| occur 動詞 | /əˈkɜː/ | 發生 /發生 |
需要注意的發音
- “th” 音: thorough /ˈθʌɹoʊ/, pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/, rhythmic /ˈɹɪð.mɪk/, thump /θʌmp/
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, tissue /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, diagnostic /ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnɑ.stɪk/, comprehensive /ˌkɑm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/, evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃn̩/, identification /aɪˌdɛn(t)ɪfɪˈkeɪʃn̩/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 用正常速度逐句跟讀，每句重複到你的節奏與說話人一致為止。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 vascular, pulse, artery 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。