跟讀練習: SVINutes: Cerebral Venous Sinus Anatomy - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

每種模式都會開啟全屏練習室。

72 句

如果句子過短或過長，請點選 Edit 進行調整。

Hi, thank you for tuning into this minute on venous sinus anatomy.

So we're going to jump right in.

And the most important thing to frame our discussion today is to really understand the circulation for the venous system.

So that starts with understanding that the cerebrospinal fluid is predominantly made in the choriole plexus of the lateral ventricles.

and then from there it's going to bathe the brain, flow through the cisterns, and then be absorbed through the arachnoid granulations.

So this really shows how those arachnoid granulations are jutting into each one of those venous sinuses,

and then from there the peripheral venous sinuses are predominantly going to drain from anterior to posterior,

then around the sides of the ears and down the jugular vein.

We're going to go through all of those details in the next slides.

So first we need to remember that the venous sinuses are not like arteries.

They are not pipes.

They are instead spaces that are created between the dural leaflets.

So between the periosteal layer aligning the skull and between the meningeal layer aligning the surface of the brain.

And so because of that, as this slide is showing, they end up being a series of trabeculated spaces.

They're not just one big open channel and they're not all created alike because of that.

Also, you'll note the arachma granulation is jutting into those channels, which also can change the shape and the size of each one of those sinuses.

Now that's true for the peripheral sinuses, like I just showed you, as well as for the deep sinuses.

So in this slide this is the cavernous sinus with both a diagram

and an angiogram side by side just to show that true trabeculation

and that when you're traversing these spaces they are not just one big open tube

but instead of more like finding the holes in Swiss cheese.

So let's get through the the sinuses and the venous drainage.

So starting with the peripheral anatomy what you can see at

the top of the slide here is the superior sagittal sinus

that's going to collect the venous drainage from the cortical veins starting anteriorly

and then draining posteriorly back to the confluence of sinuses from

the confluence you're going to drain both sides down the transverse sinuses out laterally

and then down the sigmoid sinus into the jugular vein now those peripheral

that peripheral drainage is going to be met by the deep venous drainage as well.

So we're going to introduce that on this slide and then go into some details.

So you're going to have the inferior sagittal sinus that's going to be lining the corpus callosum, so again that same c-shape going from anterior to posterior.

When it gets down to the inferior border it's going to connect to that confluence by the straight sinus,

again draining by the sigmoid sinuses and down the jugular vein.

The other deep venous structures, which you can see here in the diagram we'll look at on this next slide.

So predominantly we're talking about the internal cerebral veins and those are bilateral, the paired structures as well as the basal vein of Rosenthal, again bilateral.

They're going to converge to create the great cerebral vein of Galen

and then that is also going to empty into the straight sinus.

So let's look at those individually.

So for the internal cerebral vein, you want to think of that as draining all of the midline deep structures.

So things like the fornix,

the amygdala, the hippocampus, and of course the thalamus are all going to drain into those internal cerebral veins bilaterally,

as opposed to the basal vein of Rosenthal, which is going to start collecting blood as anterior as the anterior cerebral veins,

and then it's going to migrate back and around the cisterns

and connect to that internal cerebral vein to create the vein of Galen.

Now, it's important to note that each one of these sinus systems, both the deep sinus system and the superficial sinus system, both have anastomosis.

So what I'm showing on this slide is the convergence of the superficial anastomosis.

So that's going to be the superior cerebral vein, which is going to come in from the anterior surface.

And it's going to anastomose with the vein of Trollard, which is going to be your predominant cortical vein that goes to the superior sagittal sinus.

And with the vein of which is going to be your predominant venous drainage going into the transverse sinus.

Now it's important to note that this is very uncommon pattern that I've shown here on the angiogram or the venogram, where all three are about the same size.

They're all co-dominant truly.

Usually one is much larger, another smaller, and just remember that that flow can go anterior

and posterior through each of those channels to either drain through the more anterior deep drainage or more superficial posterior drainage.

Now those variations

we see every day and so this is an example of the transverse sinuses

which in panel C are truly co-dominant

but more commonly one is going to be dominant

and the other one not and so that's what you're seeing in A

and B where A the left transverse sinus is going to be the dominant drainage

and and be the right transverse sinus is going to be the dominant drainage.

And so we see this on imaging every day, but the key is to note that it can actually create pathology.

So if you couple that with, for instance, an arachnid granulation at the transverse sigmoid junction, like in this slide, what you can see is that in this person,

the left transverse sinus was the non-dominant sinus.

The dominant drainage was through the right transverse sinus, and then you got this pinch point from that arachnoid granulation.

So the pressures are shown on this slide and you can see

that this person had intracranial hypertension with a pressure of 45 in the spherosagittal sinus

but then we were able to stent that sinus to release

that pressure and the pressure did normalize on the right side of the screen as soon as that stent was placed.

So just to summarize what I've shown you, hopefully everybody can recognize some of the major cerebral veins and

and the venous sinus drainage for both the superficial and deep venous sinus systems.

There's much more complicated anatomy involved, but this gives you a kind of a high level overview.

And so I thank you for taking the time and I hope you've enjoyed this minute.

下載應用

流利口語所需的一切

AI 發音評分逐句打分

音標練習掌握每個音

詞彙學習建立你的詞庫

詞彙遊戲邊玩邊學

掃碼

Download on theApp Store Get it onGoogle Play

同頻道

SVINutes: Pediatric Cerebrovascular Disease: Current Strategies, Future Directions

University StudentsWorking Adults

FOR YOU

本課的詞彙與口語要點

這段影片共有 72 個句子、1111 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 6:12。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 179 個詞，接近日常對話。只有 75% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
vein 名詞	/veɪn/	靜脈 /靜脈
drainage 名詞	/ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/	排水
slide 名詞	/ˈslaɪ̯d/	滑梯
cerebral 形容詞	/səˈɹi.bɹəl/	大腦的 /大腦的
dominant 形容詞	/ˈdɑmənənt/	主要
anterior 形容詞	/ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/	前部
peripheral 形容詞	/pəˈɹɪf(ə)ɹ(ə)l/	邊緣的
superficial 形容詞	/ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/	表面的
superior 形容詞	/sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/	優越 /優越
anatomy 名詞	/əˈnætəmi/	解剖學 /解剖學, 解剖
predominantly 副詞	/pɹɪˈdɒmɪnəntli/	大部分
layer 名詞	/ˈleɪ̯ɚ/	層 /層
connect 動詞	/kəˈnɛkt/	連線 /連線
collect 動詞	/ˈkɑlɪkt/	庋藏, 收藏
diagram 名詞	/ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/	圖 /圖, 圖表 /圖表

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	發音	釋義
end up 動詞		到達
get through 動詞	/ɡɛt ˈθɹu/	度過 /度過
go through 動詞		通過 /通過

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 18 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 they're, we're, you're。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, bathe /beɪð/, thalamus /ˈθæləməs/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, junction /ˈd͡ʒʌŋkʃən/, hypertension /ˌhaɪ.pɚˈtɛn.ʃən/
長單詞——注意重音位置: anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, peripheral /pəˈɹɪf(ə)ɹ(ə)l/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/, superior /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/, anatomy /əˈnætəmi/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 vein, drainage, slide 這類單詞。

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	be absorbed · are created · be met
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	I've shown · you've enjoyed
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	Rosenthal, which is · vein, which is · Trollard, which is

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: SVINutes: Cerebral Venous Sinus Anatomy - 通過影片學習英語口語

選擇練習模式

下載應用

同頻道

SVINutes: VAN Score

SVINutes: Pulsatile Tinnitus

SVINutes: Approach to Tandem Occlusions

SVINutes: Basics of Subclavian Steal

SVINutes: Decoding Dizziness

SVINutes: Collateral Circulation

SVINutes: Super Large Bore Thrombectomy

SVINutes: Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease: Key Considerations for Stenting

SVINutes: Pediatric Cerebrovascular Disease: Current Strategies, Future Directions

推薦影片

Lecture 12: Retina, Part 2: Retinal vascular occlusions

3-D Brain Scans | Pathways 2

Respiratory System 5, Podcast on breathing

Thyroid Gland | Anatomy and Embryology | Lobes and Blood supply | Development of the Thyroid Gland

Scoliosis: How to medically classify scoliosis (the Lenke System for AIS)

Surgical Anatomy 2 (Spleen)

Ischemic Stroke - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology

Overview of Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology (Fluid Compartment)

Lesson Eight: Placement of the Orchestra, Leonard Slatkin's Conducting School

VETERINARY BASICS: How to read a blood test! CBC & Haematology

FAST Scan (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) - STEP by STEP