跟讀練習: FAST Scan (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) - STEP by STEP - 通過影片學習英語口語
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53 句
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So now we're going to go over how to perform the FAST scan.
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And this is a scan that's used in trauma.
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It's called a focus assessment using sonography for trauma or in trauma.
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You're basically looking for free fluid in the abdomen, around the heart, in the chest, as well as looking for nemothorax of the chest.
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So we're just going to go over the protocol that I used.
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So here we're going to use the phased array probe.
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The patient is going to be in a supine position because it's in a trauma setting, so they're usually lying flat.
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You're going to put the probe, you're going to assess the right upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the pelvis, and then you're going to assess the heart,
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and then the lungs, and we'll go over through it in that order.
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So the first scan is the right upper quadrant scan.
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So here is the right upper quadrant scan.
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Indicators up towards the head.
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It's around the 8th to 10th intercostal space in the mid axillary line.
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And you're looking for Morrison's pouch, the space between the liver and the kidney for free fluid.
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Make sure, in addition, you look towards the edge of the liver because sometimes fluid can track there also.
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The next scan you're going to do is the left upper quadrant scan.
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So this is knuckles to the bed looking for fluid around the spleen.
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And here we see the spleen.
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and the fluid doesn't track between the spleen and the kidney usually unless there's rupture of the splenorenal ligament.
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In addition to looking at fluid around the spleen, you want to look above the diaphragm looking for any fluid in the chest,
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and here you see a good mirror artifact sign.
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There's no fluid there.
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That's completely normal, and remember to also do this on the right upper quadrant looking for fluid in the right chest.
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The next portion is going to be the pelvic scan here you're looking for free fluid above the bladder
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so indicator is up towards the head
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and you see the bladder here there's no free fluid above
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the bladder another organ to identify is a prostate in this view
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and free fluid once again it is above the prostate
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and above the bladder the next view is going to be the cardiac view looking for pericardial effusion
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and there's two views you can use.
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You can use either the subxiphoid view, and since this is on the standard mode, the indicator is going to be towards the patient's right side,
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and you're going to identify the liver and sweep in and look for that heart.
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And here we see the heart, the four chambers of the heart, and when the patient takes a big breath in, brings it closer, you get a better view,
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that subxiphoid view, looking for pericardial effusion around the right ventricle or left ventricle, and looking for any collapse of these ventricles,
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signifying tamponade, specifically right ventricular diastolic collapse or right atrial systolic collapse.
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Another view you can use, if you can't get a good sub -xiphoid view, is a pericardial long axis view.
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And once again, since we're in standard mode, the indicator is going to be towards the patient's left hip.
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So here, you're going to get a pericardial long axis view.
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And the main thing you're looking for is pericardial effusion.
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You don't have to necessarily assess all the heart function, but look for pericardial fusion and looking for tamponade here.
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And this looks normal here.
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You can see the pericardia both anteriorly and posteriorly in this view.
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And the last portion that you do is looking for pneumothorax, and that's looking for lung sliding.
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So once again, the indicator is going to be towards the patient's head, second intercostal space, midclavicular line.
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where you would do a needle thoracostomy basically
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and you would decrease your depth
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so you see I'm decreasing my depth all the way down here
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and here you're looking for lung sliding so when the patient breathes in
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so if you can take a big breath in you see there's lung sliding on the screen there
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and that indicates there's no pneumothorax if there is no lung sliding
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that is highly suggestive of pneumothorax in the setting of trauma
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you want to make sure you do there both the right side
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and the left side looking for lung sliding and this patient has lung sliding on both the left and right side
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本課的詞彙與口語要點
這節口語課以影片“FAST Scan (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) - STEP by STEP”為素材。 影片中反覆出現的詞有：fluid, view, scan, lung, pericardial。 這段影片共有 53 個句子、755 個單詞可供跟讀。 講話部分時長為 4:20。 說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 174 個詞，接近日常對話。 只有 79% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙難度較高。
影片中的重點詞彙
影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：
| 單詞 | 發音 | 釋義 |
|---|---|---|
| fluid 名詞 | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | 流體 /流體, 液體 /液體 |
| lung 名詞 | /ˈlʌŋ/ | физы, 肺 |
| slide 名詞 | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | 滑梯 |
| trauma 名詞 | /ˈtɹɔm.ə/ | 負傷 /負傷, 損傷 /損傷 |
| indicator 名詞 | /ˈɪn.dɪˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ | 指示符 |
| bladder 名詞 | /ˈblædɚ/ | 氣囊 /氣囊 |
| breathe 動詞 | /bɹiːð/ | 呼吸, 吸 |
| collapse 動詞 | /kəˈlæps/ | 倒坍, 崩潰 /崩潰 |
| decrease 動詞 | /dɪˈkɹiːs/ | 減少 /減少, 下降 |
| kidney 名詞 | /ˈkɪdni/ | 腎臟 /腎臟, 腎 /腎 |
| axis 名詞 | /ˈæksɪs/ | 軸 /軸, 軸心 /軸心 |
| prostate 名詞 | /ˈpɹɑs.teɪt/ | 攝護腺, 攝護腺 /攝護腺 |
| necessarily 副詞 | /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ | 必然地, 必定地 |
| chamber 名詞 | /ˈt͡ʃeɪ̯mbɚ/ | 臥室 /臥室, 寢室 /寢室 |
| mirror 名詞 | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | җинзы, 鏡 /鏡 |
需要注意的發音
說話人用了 21 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, we're, can't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。
- “th” 音: breathe /bɹiːð/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/
- 長單詞——注意重音位置: indicator /ˈɪn.dɪˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/, intercostal /ˌɪn.tɚˈkɔ.stəl/, axillary /ˈæksɪlɛɹi/
中文母語者容易讀錯的音：
- /v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: ventricle /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/, pelvic /ˈpɛlvɪk/, pelvis /ˈpɛlvɪs/, suggestive /sə(ɡ)ˈd͡ʒɛs.tɪv/
- 詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: fluid /ˈflu.ɪd/, slide /ˈslaɪ̯d/, collapse /kəˈlæps/, assess /əˈsɛs/, decrease /dɪˈkɹiːs/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, protocol /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɑl/, ventricle /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/, atrial /ˈeɪtɹi.əl/, axillary /ˈæksɪlɛɹi/
如何用這段影片練習
- 先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
- 先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
- 錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 fluid, lung, slide 這類單詞。
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。