쉐도잉 연습: FAST Scan (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) - STEP by STEP - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기
레슨 만드는 중...
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So now we're going to go over how to perform the FAST scan.
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And this is a scan that's used in trauma.
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It's called a focus assessment using sonography for trauma or in trauma.
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You're basically looking for free fluid in the abdomen, around the heart, in the chest, as well as looking for nemothorax of the chest.
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So we're just going to go over the protocol that I used.
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So here we're going to use the phased array probe.
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The patient is going to be in a supine position because it's in a trauma setting, so they're usually lying flat.
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You're going to put the probe, you're going to assess the right upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the pelvis, and then you're going to assess the heart,
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and then the lungs, and we'll go over through it in that order.
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So the first scan is the right upper quadrant scan.
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So here is the right upper quadrant scan.
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Indicators up towards the head.
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It's around the 8th to 10th intercostal space in the mid axillary line.
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And you're looking for Morrison's pouch, the space between the liver and the kidney for free fluid.
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Make sure, in addition, you look towards the edge of the liver because sometimes fluid can track there also.
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The next scan you're going to do is the left upper quadrant scan.
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So this is knuckles to the bed looking for fluid around the spleen.
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And here we see the spleen.
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and the fluid doesn't track between the spleen and the kidney usually unless there's rupture of the splenorenal ligament.
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In addition to looking at fluid around the spleen, you want to look above the diaphragm looking for any fluid in the chest,
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and here you see a good mirror artifact sign.
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There's no fluid there.
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That's completely normal, and remember to also do this on the right upper quadrant looking for fluid in the right chest.
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The next portion is going to be the pelvic scan here you're looking for free fluid above the bladder
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so indicator is up towards the head
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and you see the bladder here there's no free fluid above
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the bladder another organ to identify is a prostate in this view
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and free fluid once again it is above the prostate
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and above the bladder the next view is going to be the cardiac view looking for pericardial effusion
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and there's two views you can use.
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You can use either the subxiphoid view, and since this is on the standard mode, the indicator is going to be towards the patient's right side,
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and you're going to identify the liver and sweep in and look for that heart.
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And here we see the heart, the four chambers of the heart, and when the patient takes a big breath in, brings it closer, you get a better view,
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that subxiphoid view, looking for pericardial effusion around the right ventricle or left ventricle, and looking for any collapse of these ventricles,
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signifying tamponade, specifically right ventricular diastolic collapse or right atrial systolic collapse.
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Another view you can use, if you can't get a good sub -xiphoid view, is a pericardial long axis view.
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And once again, since we're in standard mode, the indicator is going to be towards the patient's left hip.
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So here, you're going to get a pericardial long axis view.
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And the main thing you're looking for is pericardial effusion.
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You don't have to necessarily assess all the heart function, but look for pericardial fusion and looking for tamponade here.
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And this looks normal here.
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You can see the pericardia both anteriorly and posteriorly in this view.
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And the last portion that you do is looking for pneumothorax, and that's looking for lung sliding.
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So once again, the indicator is going to be towards the patient's head, second intercostal space, midclavicular line.
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where you would do a needle thoracostomy basically
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and you would decrease your depth
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so you see I'm decreasing my depth all the way down here
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and here you're looking for lung sliding so when the patient breathes in
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so if you can take a big breath in you see there's lung sliding on the screen there
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and that indicates there's no pneumothorax if there is no lung sliding
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that is highly suggestive of pneumothorax in the setting of trauma
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you want to make sure you do there both the right side
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and the left side looking for lung sliding and this patient has lung sliding on both the left and right side
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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트
이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “FAST Scan (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) - STEP by STEP”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: fluid, view, scan, lung, pericardial. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 53개와 단어 755개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 4:20입니다. 화자는 분당 약 174단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 79%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.
이 영상의 핵심 어휘
영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.
| 단어 | 발음 | 뜻 |
|---|---|---|
| fluid 명사 | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | 유체, 유동체 |
| lung 명사 | /ˈlʌŋ/ | 허파, 폐 |
| slide 명사 | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | 미끄럼틀, 미끄럼대 |
| trauma 명사 | /ˈtɹɔm.ə/ | 외상, 손상 |
| indicator 명사 | /ˈɪn.dɪˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ | 인디케이터, 지시약 |
| bladder 명사 | /ˈblædɚ/ | 부레 |
| breathe 동사 | /bɹiːð/ | 숨쉬다, 호흡(呼吸)하다 |
| kidney 명사 | /ˈkɪdni/ | 콩팥, 신장 |
| axis 명사 | /ˈæksɪs/ | 축 |
| prostate 명사 | /ˈpɹɑs.teɪt/ | 전립선 |
| chamber 명사 | /ˈt͡ʃeɪ̯mbɚ/ | 침실 |
| mirror 명사 | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | 거울 |
| assessment 명사 | /əˈsɛsmənt/ | 평가 |
| indicate 동사 | /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ | 가리키다 |
| protocol 명사 | /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɑl/ | 의정서 |
주의할 발음
화자는 you're, we're, can't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 21번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.
- “th” 소리: breathe /bɹiːð/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/
- 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: indicator /ˈɪn.dɪˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/, intercostal /ˌɪn.tɚˈkɔ.stəl/, axillary /ˈæksɪlɛɹi/
한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:
- /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: fluid /ˈflu.ɪd/, fusion /ˈfjuː.ʒən/, artifact /ˈɑɹtɪfækt/, diaphragm /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/, signify /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪ/
- /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: ventricle /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/, pelvic /ˈpɛlvɪk/, pelvis /ˈpɛlvɪs/, suggestive /sə(ɡ)ˈd͡ʒɛs.tɪv/
- /r/과 /l/ 구별하기: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, protocol /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɑl/, ventricle /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/, atrial /ˈeɪtɹi.əl/, axillary /ˈæksɪlɛɹi/
이 영상으로 연습하는 방법
- 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
- 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
- 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, fluid, lung, slide 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.
쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법
쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.