Prática de Shadowing: FAST Scan (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) - STEP by STEP - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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So now we're going to go over how to perform the FAST scan.
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And this is a scan that's used in trauma.
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It's called a focus assessment using sonography for trauma or in trauma.
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You're basically looking for free fluid in the abdomen, around the heart, in the chest, as well as looking for nemothorax of the chest.
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So we're just going to go over the protocol that I used.
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So here we're going to use the phased array probe.
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The patient is going to be in a supine position because it's in a trauma setting, so they're usually lying flat.
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You're going to put the probe, you're going to assess the right upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the pelvis, and then you're going to assess the heart,
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and then the lungs, and we'll go over through it in that order.
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So the first scan is the right upper quadrant scan.
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So here is the right upper quadrant scan.
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Indicators up towards the head.
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It's around the 8th to 10th intercostal space in the mid axillary line.
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And you're looking for Morrison's pouch, the space between the liver and the kidney for free fluid.
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Make sure, in addition, you look towards the edge of the liver because sometimes fluid can track there also.
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The next scan you're going to do is the left upper quadrant scan.
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So this is knuckles to the bed looking for fluid around the spleen.
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And here we see the spleen.
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and the fluid doesn't track between the spleen and the kidney usually unless there's rupture of the splenorenal ligament.
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In addition to looking at fluid around the spleen, you want to look above the diaphragm looking for any fluid in the chest,
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and here you see a good mirror artifact sign.
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There's no fluid there.
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That's completely normal, and remember to also do this on the right upper quadrant looking for fluid in the right chest.
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The next portion is going to be the pelvic scan here you're looking for free fluid above the bladder
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so indicator is up towards the head
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and you see the bladder here there's no free fluid above
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the bladder another organ to identify is a prostate in this view
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and free fluid once again it is above the prostate
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and above the bladder the next view is going to be the cardiac view looking for pericardial effusion
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and there's two views you can use.
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You can use either the subxiphoid view, and since this is on the standard mode, the indicator is going to be towards the patient's right side,
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and you're going to identify the liver and sweep in and look for that heart.
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And here we see the heart, the four chambers of the heart, and when the patient takes a big breath in, brings it closer, you get a better view,
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that subxiphoid view, looking for pericardial effusion around the right ventricle or left ventricle, and looking for any collapse of these ventricles,
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signifying tamponade, specifically right ventricular diastolic collapse or right atrial systolic collapse.
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Another view you can use, if you can't get a good sub -xiphoid view, is a pericardial long axis view.
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And once again, since we're in standard mode, the indicator is going to be towards the patient's left hip.
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So here, you're going to get a pericardial long axis view.
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And the main thing you're looking for is pericardial effusion.
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You don't have to necessarily assess all the heart function, but look for pericardial fusion and looking for tamponade here.
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And this looks normal here.
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You can see the pericardia both anteriorly and posteriorly in this view.
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And the last portion that you do is looking for pneumothorax, and that's looking for lung sliding.
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So once again, the indicator is going to be towards the patient's head, second intercostal space, midclavicular line.
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where you would do a needle thoracostomy basically
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and you would decrease your depth
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so you see I'm decreasing my depth all the way down here
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and here you're looking for lung sliding so when the patient breathes in
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so if you can take a big breath in you see there's lung sliding on the screen there
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and that indicates there's no pneumothorax if there is no lung sliding
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that is highly suggestive of pneumothorax in the setting of trauma
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you want to make sure you do there both the right side
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and the left side looking for lung sliding and this patient has lung sliding on both the left and right side
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “FAST Scan (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) - STEP by STEP”. As palavras que mais se repetem: fluid, view, scan, lung, pericardial. Este vídeo tem 53 frases e 755 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:20. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 174 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. Apenas 79% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| fluid substantivo | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | fluido, líquido |
| scan verbo | /skæn/ | varrer |
| lung substantivo | /ˈlʌŋ/ | pulmão |
| slide substantivo | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | escorrega, escorregador |
| trauma substantivo | /ˈtɹɔm.ə/ | traumatismo |
| indicator substantivo | /ˈɪn.dɪˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ | indicador |
| bladder substantivo | /ˈblædɚ/ | bexiga |
| breathe verbo | /bɹiːð/ | respirar |
| collapse verbo | /kəˈlæps/ | desabar, ruir |
| assess verbo | /əˈsɛs/ | estimar, avaliar |
| decrease verbo | /dɪˈkɹiːs/ | diminuir, reduzir |
| kidney substantivo | /ˈkɪdni/ | rim |
| axis substantivo | /ˈæksɪs/ | eixo |
| probe substantivo | /pɹoʊb/ | sonda |
| prostate substantivo | /ˈpɹɑs.teɪt/ | próstata |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 21 contrações e formas reduzidas, como you're, we're, can't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: breathe /bɹiːð/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: indicator /ˈɪn.dɪˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/, intercostal /ˌɪn.tɚˈkɔ.stəl/, axillary /ˈæksɪlɛɹi/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: fluid /ˈflu.ɪd/, slide /ˈslaɪ̯d/, probe /pɹoʊb/, prostate /ˈpɹɑs.teɪt/, assessment /əˈsɛsmənt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: protocol /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɑl/, needle /ˈniː.dəl/, ventricle /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/, intercostal /ˌɪn.tɚˈkɔ.stəl/, atrial /ˈeɪtɹi.əl/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: scan /skæn/, slide /ˈslaɪ̯d/, sweep /swiːp/, spleen /spliːn/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como fluid, scan, lung.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.