Prática de Shadowing: How To: Ultrasound for Pneumothorax Case Study Video - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
Escolha um modo de prática
Cada modo abre uma sala de prática em tela cheia.
91 frases
Se as frases estiverem muito curtas ou longas, clique em Edit para ajustá-las.
1
Hello, my name is Phil Pereira, and I'm the Emergency Ultrasound Coordinator at the New York Presbyterian Hospital in New York City, and welcome to SoundBytes Cases.
2
In this module, we're going to look specifically at ultrasound of the lung to evaluate for pneumothorax.
3
Interestingly enough, a classical belief was that the lung was not optimal for ultrasound imaging.
4
However, newer findings have shown that actually ultrasound is an excellent modality for viewing the pleura and for detecting pneumothoraces.
5
There's been a lot of research looking at this, and what's interesting is
6
that ultrasound has been found now to be more sensitive than chest X -ray in the diagnosis of pneumothorax, especially in the supine trauma patient. And now,
7
we're going to add on views of the lungs looking for pneumothorax as part of our extended FAST exam
8
or the E -FAST exam that we'll be performing in trauma patients.
9
We can also detect pneumothoraces as well in our medical patients.
10
Now let's learn how to perform the ultrasound examination for the pneumothorax detection.
11
Here we have the high -frequency linear type array probe positioned
12
on the anterior chest wall at about the mid -clavicular line looking into about intercostal space three.
13
Now in most cases of pneumothorax with the patient's supine, the air would be predominantly seen in this area.
14
Note we're looking in a long axis configuration between the ribs with a marker dot oriented superiorly towards the patient's head.
15
Once we've identified both the ribs and the pleura, we can swivel the probe into the short axis configuration to further look at the pleura and to detect pneumothorax.
16
Here we have the probe oriented in a transverse or short axis orientation between the ribs, looking directly down at the pleura.
17
Notice in this case, the marker dot is located towards the lateral aspect of the patient.
18
Using both long and short axis configurations will allow you to detect a pneumothorax with a high degree of accuracy.
19
If no lung is seen on the anterior chest wall, one can size out a pneumothorax by looking in the lateral positions as shown here.
20
Notice the probe on the lateral chest wall in the short axis configuration between the ribs.
21
If lung is seen here laterally, but not anteriorly, this would tell you it was an incomplete pneumothorax.
22
We can complement the short axis view by locating the probe
23
into the long axis configuration with the marker dot towards the
24
patient's axilla to further examine into these lateral areas of the chest wall.
25
Here's a nice pictorial showing the normal findings of a lung in a long axis type configuration.
26
Superior rib to the left, inferior rib to the right.
27
Notice
28
that the ribs cast shadows posteriorly due to the inability of the sound waves to permeate the hard calcifications of the rib.
29
We see the chest wall anteriorly, and note here the two layers of the pleura.
30
And we see here the outer parietal pleura and the inner visceral pleura.
31
Now, while I've depicted these as two separate layers, in reality, on ultrasound examination,
32
they're seen as a single shimmering white line that moves back and forth as the patient breathes.
33
And as the patient breathes, we can see white comet tails or linear lines, vertical lines, coming off the pleura down deep into the lung.
34
So that will be the normal finding of a lung on long axis configuration.
35
Here's a nice ultrasound image showing a normal lung, and what we see here, we're in the long axis configuration, so the superior rib is to the left, inferior rib to the right,
36
chest wall anteriorly, and we see here the lung sliding, which is the opposition of the outer parietal and the inner visceral pleura,
37
and we see the vertical comet tails coming off the back of the pleura.
38
Thus, this is a completely normal exam, no pneumothorax.
39
But note the location of the pleura, deep to the ribs, and that classic shimmering line back and forth as the patient takes a breath.
40
Here we see more dramatic comet tails coming off the shimmering parietal and visceral pleura.
41
In this patient, we see the comet tail shooting off the back, telling us that this lung is up and there's no pneumothorax.
42
So vertical lines coming off the back of the pleura always mean
43
that the lung is up and are always a good sign on lung ultrasonography.
44
As we mentioned, we should also swivel the probe into the short axis configuration to further examine the lung, and what we see here is a normal lung in short axis configuration.
45
Note here we're looking in between the ribs, so all we see is the dome of the lung, and notice that it slides back and forth as the patient breathes, and we see the vertical comet tails coming off the back.
46
So a completely normal examination in the short axis plane.
47
Here's another ultrasound image taken from the short axis configuration.
48
Note here we see very prominent comet tails coming off the back of the lung as it slides back and forth.
49
Again, it's that opposition of the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura that allow the lungs shimmering, but notice here all the comet tails coming off the back.
50
In this case, this patient had some pulmonary edema associated with the lung, and these comet tails are more pronounced due to the presence of water within the pleura.
51
But notice all these vertical lines coming off the back telling us this lung is up.
52
A way to document that the lung is up to print out for the chart is to put M mode, and generally what we do is locate it so the M -mode cursor is down right at the pleura.
53
And what we see is the classic seashore sign or waves on the beach.
54
If we look anteriorly, we'll see the classic waves or no motion of the chest wall.
55
And below that, deep to the pleura, we'll see the positive motion of the lung making up the beach.
56
So waves on the beach or the seashore sign
57
and M -mode documentation that the lung is up and that there's no pneumothorax.
58
Now that we understand what a normal lung looks like on bedside examination, let's take a look at a pictorial showing a pneumothorax in a long axis view.
59
We see here that the parietal pleura is now split from the visceral pleura, which is attached to the lung, by a layer of air shown by the yellow color.
60
It's the splitting of the parietal and visceral pleura that now causes a lack of lung sliding,
61
and instead of the opposed visceral and parietal pleura sliding back and forth as the patient breathes, all we see is a single line,
62
the parietal pleura, with a lack of vertical comet tails coming off the back.
63
Here's an ultrasound image taken from a patient who was stabbed to the left chest and who had shortness of breath.
64
What we see here is a long axis view of a pneumothorax.
65
Let's take a look at the chest wall anteriorly, and right below that we see the parietal pleura, the single white line located directly inferior to the ribs,
66
but notice the classic lack of the lung sliding.
67
All we see here is a single white line that fails to slide back and forth as the patient breathes.
68
Notice also the absence of the vertical comet tails.
69
Here's another image of a pneumothorax in a long axis configuration, and we see here the chest wall anteriorly and the single white line which is the parietal pleura.
70
Now this patient was acutely dyspneic, so notice that there is some motion of the chest wall and that the parietal pleura moves up and down, but notice the failure of horizontal sliding.
71
Notice also the absence of any vertical comet tails coming off the back of the pleura.
72
Now let's inspect a pneumothorax from the short axis view.
73
We see the chest wall anteriorly, the parietal pleura as shown as a single non -mobile white line in the middle of the image.
74
Note the failure of movement back and forth, the lack of vertical comet tails, and what we see here is repeating horizontal air lines from the pneumothorax.
75
To document the absence of lung sliding and the presence of a pneumothorax, we'll again turn to M -mode.
76
If we put the M -mode cursor down on the pleura, what we'll see is a set of linear repeating lines.
77
This documents no motion of both the chest wall and of the lung, making up a finding known as the barcode sign.
78
Here's a pictorial showing an interesting finding, the signature of an incomplete pneumothorax known as lead point.
79
And what we see is an incomplete pneumothorax with error collecting to the superior aspect of the image to the left,
80
thus splitting the parietal from the visceral layers and causing an absence of lung sliding superiorly.
81
However, as the lung is coming up against the chest wall to the right or inferiorly,
82
that's where we'll see the presence of horizontal lung sliding and the presence of the vertical comet tails.
83
Here's an ultrasound image showing the lead point and what we see here is the lung sliding to the right, the area where the lung touches up against the chest wall and to the left,
84
the area of absence of lung sliding telling you there that air has collected between the visceral and parietal layers.
85
So the ultrasound equivalent of the image that we just looked at telling you that this is an incomplete pneumothorax.
86
But here we see that lead point or transition point very well on bedside sonography.
87
In conclusion, I'm glad I could share with you this ultrasound module going over ultrasound of the lung to evaluate for pneumothorax.
88
This is an excellent tool for viewing the pleura and making the diagnosis of pneumothorax.
89
And there's been some research showing that it may be more sensitive than chest X -ray in the diagnosis of pneumothorax, allowing rapid diagnosis of pneumo in both your trauma and medical patient,
90
thus facilitating more timely management of these most critical patients.
91
So I hope to see you back as SoundBytes continues.
Baixar aplicativo
Tudo o que você precisa para falar fluentemente
Pronúncia com IANota em cada frase
Prática de IPADomine cada som
VocabulárioMonte seu banco de palavras
Jogo de vocabulárioAprenda brincando
✨ Vídeo recomendado
C11
53 frases
FAST Scan (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) - STEP by STEP
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C13
55 frases
Pneumothorax - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C19
85 frases
How to Nail Up Breathing | Hypnobirthing Breathing Techniques | The Positive Birth Company
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
93 frases
Introduction to ECMO Part 3 - V-A ECMO
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C12
442 frases
Allergy Assessment for Nurses: True Allergy vs Sensitivity, and Safer Care with Dr. Sophia Thomas
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C13
41 frases
SVINutes: Pulsatile Tinnitus
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
47 frases
How to find hidden clues at crime scenes Theodore E Yeshion
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C22
254 frases
Meet the Masters: 2026 Spine Endoscopy Masterclass Talk
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C22
53 frases
(English) Acute dissection of the ICA (Caresto implantation + PTA)
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
C11
335 frases
Introduction to CT Chest - Anatomy and Approach
Daily ConversationUniversity Students
C11
18 frases
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) Procedure | Cincinnati Children's
Daily ConversationWorking Adults
B21
104 frases
PEBC OSCE Practice Station from PharmAchieve - Patient picking up new prescription
Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “How To: Ultrasound for Pneumothorax Case Study Video”. As palavras que mais se repetem: lung, pleura, pneumothorax, axis, chest. Este vídeo tem 91 frases e 1719 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 9:11. O falante fala rápido, cerca de 187 palavras por minuto, então espere sons ligados e reduzidos. Apenas 73% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| lung substantivo | /ˈlʌŋ/ | pulmão |
| axis substantivo | /ˈæksɪs/ | eixo |
| ultrasound substantivo | /ʌl.tɹə.saʊnd/ | ultrassom |
| tail substantivo | /ˈteɪ̯l/ | rabo, cauda |
| slide substantivo | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | escorrega, escorregador |
| comet substantivo | /ˈkɒmɪt/ | cometa |
| configuration substantivo | /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/ | configuração |
| vertical adjetivo | /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/ | vertical |
| rib substantivo | /ɹɪb/ | costela |
| breathe verbo | /bɹiːð/ | respirar |
| examination substantivo | /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ | exame |
| layer substantivo | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | camada |
| probe substantivo | /pɹoʊb/ | sonda |
| absence substantivo | /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩s/ | ausência |
| diagnosis substantivo | /daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ | diagnóstico |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| make up verbo | /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ | compensar |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have shown · There's been · has been found |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | has been found · is located · is seen |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | sliding, which is · pleura, which is · line which is |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 16 contrações e formas reduzidas, como we'll, we're, I'm. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: breathe /bɹiːð/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, transition /tɹænˈzɪʃ.ən/, shadow /ˈʃædəʊ̯/, conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/, examination /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/, superior /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/, inferior /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: ultrasound /ʌl.tɹə.saʊnd/, slide /ˈslaɪ̯d/, comet /ˈkɒmɪt/, rib /ɹɪb/, probe /pɹoʊb/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: tail /ˈteɪ̯l/, vertical /ˈvɝ.tɪ.kəl/, lateral /ˈlætəɹəl/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/, module /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/
- s + consoante no início — sem um “i” antes: slide /ˈslaɪ̯d/, stab /stæb/, swivel /ˈswɪvəl/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como lung, axis, ultrasound.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.