シャドーイング練習: FAST Scan (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) - STEP by STEP - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ
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53 文
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So now we're going to go over how to perform the FAST scan.
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And this is a scan that's used in trauma.
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It's called a focus assessment using sonography for trauma or in trauma.
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You're basically looking for free fluid in the abdomen, around the heart, in the chest, as well as looking for nemothorax of the chest.
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So we're just going to go over the protocol that I used.
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So here we're going to use the phased array probe.
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The patient is going to be in a supine position because it's in a trauma setting, so they're usually lying flat.
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You're going to put the probe, you're going to assess the right upper quadrant, the left upper quadrant, the pelvis, and then you're going to assess the heart,
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and then the lungs, and we'll go over through it in that order.
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So the first scan is the right upper quadrant scan.
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So here is the right upper quadrant scan.
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Indicators up towards the head.
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It's around the 8th to 10th intercostal space in the mid axillary line.
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And you're looking for Morrison's pouch, the space between the liver and the kidney for free fluid.
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Make sure, in addition, you look towards the edge of the liver because sometimes fluid can track there also.
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The next scan you're going to do is the left upper quadrant scan.
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So this is knuckles to the bed looking for fluid around the spleen.
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And here we see the spleen.
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and the fluid doesn't track between the spleen and the kidney usually unless there's rupture of the splenorenal ligament.
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In addition to looking at fluid around the spleen, you want to look above the diaphragm looking for any fluid in the chest,
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and here you see a good mirror artifact sign.
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There's no fluid there.
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That's completely normal, and remember to also do this on the right upper quadrant looking for fluid in the right chest.
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The next portion is going to be the pelvic scan here you're looking for free fluid above the bladder
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so indicator is up towards the head
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and you see the bladder here there's no free fluid above
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the bladder another organ to identify is a prostate in this view
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and free fluid once again it is above the prostate
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and above the bladder the next view is going to be the cardiac view looking for pericardial effusion
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and there's two views you can use.
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You can use either the subxiphoid view, and since this is on the standard mode, the indicator is going to be towards the patient's right side,
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and you're going to identify the liver and sweep in and look for that heart.
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And here we see the heart, the four chambers of the heart, and when the patient takes a big breath in, brings it closer, you get a better view,
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that subxiphoid view, looking for pericardial effusion around the right ventricle or left ventricle, and looking for any collapse of these ventricles,
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signifying tamponade, specifically right ventricular diastolic collapse or right atrial systolic collapse.
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Another view you can use, if you can't get a good sub -xiphoid view, is a pericardial long axis view.
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And once again, since we're in standard mode, the indicator is going to be towards the patient's left hip.
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So here, you're going to get a pericardial long axis view.
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And the main thing you're looking for is pericardial effusion.
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You don't have to necessarily assess all the heart function, but look for pericardial fusion and looking for tamponade here.
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And this looks normal here.
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You can see the pericardia both anteriorly and posteriorly in this view.
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And the last portion that you do is looking for pneumothorax, and that's looking for lung sliding.
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So once again, the indicator is going to be towards the patient's head, second intercostal space, midclavicular line.
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where you would do a needle thoracostomy basically
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and you would decrease your depth
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so you see I'm decreasing my depth all the way down here
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and here you're looking for lung sliding so when the patient breathes in
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so if you can take a big breath in you see there's lung sliding on the screen there
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and that indicates there's no pneumothorax if there is no lung sliding
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that is highly suggestive of pneumothorax in the setting of trauma
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you want to make sure you do there both the right side
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and the left side looking for lung sliding and this patient has lung sliding on both the left and right side
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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント
このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「FAST Scan (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) - STEP by STEP」を教材にしています。 繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：fluid, view, scan, lung, pericardial。 この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が53文、単語が755語あります。 音声の長さは4:20です。 話す速さは1分あたり約174語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。 英語の頻出3,000語に含まれる単語は79%だけなので、語彙は難しめです。
この動画の重要語彙
動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。
| 単語 | 発音 | 意味 |
|---|---|---|
| fluid 名詞 | /ˈflu.ɪd/ | 流体, 液体 |
| lung 名詞 | /ˈlʌŋ/ | 肺臓, 肺 |
| slide 名詞 | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | 滑り台 |
| trauma 名詞 | /ˈtɹɔm.ə/ | 外傷, 損傷 |
| indicator 名詞 | /ˈɪn.dɪˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ | インジケータ, インジケーター |
| bladder 名詞 | /ˈblædɚ/ | 嚢状組織, 嚢 |
| breathe 動詞 | /bɹiːð/ | 呼吸する, 息をする |
| collapse 動詞 | /kəˈlæps/ | 潰える, 崩壊する |
| decrease 動詞 | /dɪˈkɹiːs/ | 減少する, 減る |
| kidney 名詞 | /ˈkɪdni/ | 腎臓 |
| axis 名詞 | /ˈæksɪs/ | 軸 |
| prostate 名詞 | /ˈpɹɑs.teɪt/ | 前立腺 |
| chamber 名詞 | /ˈt͡ʃeɪ̯mbɚ/ | 寝室, 部屋 |
| mirror 名詞 | /ˈmiɹɚ/ | 鏡, 姿見 |
| assessment 名詞 | /əˈsɛsmənt/ | 評価 |
注意したい発音
話し手はyou're, we're, can'tなど、短縮形や弱形を21回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。
- 「th」の音: breathe /bɹiːð/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/
- 長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: indicator /ˈɪn.dɪˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/, necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/, intercostal /ˌɪn.tɚˈkɔ.stəl/, axillary /ˈæksɪlɛɹi/
日本語話者が苦手な音：
- /r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: necessarily /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/, protocol /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɑl/, ventricle /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/, atrial /ˈeɪtɹi.əl/, axillary /ˈæksɪlɛɹi/
- /v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: ventricle /ˈvɛn.tɹɪk.əl/, pelvic /ˈpɛlvɪk/, pelvis /ˈpɛlvɪs/, suggestive /sə(ɡ)ˈd͡ʒɛs.tɪv/
- /f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fluid /ˈflu.ɪd/, fusion /ˈfjuː.ʒən/, artifact /ˈɑɹtɪfækt/, diaphragm /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/, signify /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪ/
この動画での練習方法
- まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
- まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
- 自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。fluid, lung, slideなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。
シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由
シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。