シャドーイング練習: Focused Assessment With Sonography in Trauma (FAST) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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so now let's move on to the next topic

which is basically fast

so anybody can you please tell me what is the full

form of this particular fast what does fast stand for can you please help me with this okay

so what this particular this particular fast stands for okay

so fast basically stands for your focused assessment sonography for trauma okay

so what does this stands for so first thing

which you need to understand is the full form of this

so what is this particular fast stands for fast basically stands for okay

so this is focused assessment sonography

for trauma okay what is FAST stands for this is a focused assessment sonography for trauma

so what happens is

that first of all let's try to understand why this is needed why this is

that so whatever you do in your life you always need to have some kind of an aim

so what is an aim of performing this particular fast the

aim of this performing this particular fast is to look for to look for intraperitoneal fluid.

You understand my point?

So what is the aim of this?

The aim of this is to look for intraperitoneal fluid.

So what do you understand by this particular intraperitoneal fluid?

Intraperitoneal fluid basically means that, let's assume that, okay, so you and I, we all have like some amount of the intraperitoneal fluid,

but let's assume that after a trauma okay so let's say there is a patient who has suffered from a trauma

okay and after the trauma if you examine this particular patient and there is an increased

intraperitoneal fluid okay in these particular patients what does it tell you this basically tells you

that there is some significant significant intra -abdominal injury intra -abdominal injury.

Are you understanding my point?

So if at all there is a patient after the trauma

if at all you perform a fast

and on the fast there is a significant intra -palatal fluid is present in

that particular patient it basically tells you

that there is some significant intra -abdominal injury is present in

that particular patient okay so why are we performing the first

because we want to know whether some significant interabdomal injury has kind of taken place there

or not okay I hope you understood this point okay now

when we've been talking about the first okay

when we talk about the first how do you do

that okay so how is this particular first performed

so this is nothing this is basically a USG which is basically done in emergency room in emergency

room

and this is basically completed completed in three to four minutes

okay in three to four minutes you complete this particular whatever the test and

that is what is basically done in the emergency room this

is what you need to understand this is this is how the basically fast is performed

and how do you kind of perform it I'll tell you

so what you need to understand is that let's assume

that this is the abdomen right this is the coastal margin

this is the abdomen then what we have is this is what is the pelvis

and everything right so what you need to understand is

that you keep your ultrasound probe at four positions so this is what is in epigastric then what we have is right

hypochondriac region then we have the left oh sorry uh right subcostal

or hypochondriac whatever you want to call it right subcostal or hypochondriac region left kind of hypochondriac region

and then at the pelvis okay

so keep your probe at these particular four positions okay so

when you keep your probe at the epigastric region what are you looking for

so when you keep your probe in the epigastric region you are basically looking for pericardial

tamponade okay so you are trying to rule out pericardial tamponade

when you are basically keeping your probe at the right hypochondriac region you're basically trying to look for

any particular fluid around this liver when you're keeping it in the left

hypochondriac region you're basically looking for any fluid

around the spleen then

when you are keeping it in the pelvic region you are

basically looking for any fluid in the pelvis okay obviously right

so this is how you kind of keep the probe at the four positions

and this is how you basically perform the fast now uh

this is separate from uh the other kind of ultrasound okay

so let's assume that i want to get an abdominal ultrasound done

so in that the radiologist is basically going to report everything it is going to the he

or she is going to report whether the gallbladder stone is present

or not or whether the gallbladder is thickened or not

and all these particular things is going to be reported

but over here what you need to understand no doubt

that it is an ultrasound which is being done

but the aim of the ultrasound is just to detect the

intraperitoneal fluid all we are trying to see is the intraperitoneal fluid for

which we quickly keep the probe at the four positions

and we look for the fluid now the question is how

much amount of the fluid can be detected by this particular fast okay

so can you please tell me how much fluid how much fluid can be detected detected

with the fast okay

so the answer to this is how much amount of the

fluid is kind of detected in this particular fast how much amount of the fluid can be detected

so what you need to understand is yes

so it is around 100 to 150 cc so by

and large it is considered to be 150

but 11 really mentions it as like 100 cc

so around 100 to 150 cc this is the minimum amount of the fluid

which can be detected by this particular fast now what is it drawback

or the problem of this particular fast we were not getting information about the right

and the left lung field and that is why we came up with something

which is called as an e -fast okay

so what is this particular e -fast in the e -fast

what you're basically doing is instead of keeping the probe

and the four positions over here you keep the probe at six positions

so here the probe is kept at six positions okay you understand my point

so probe is basically kept at the six positions

so what are these particular six positions the four we already talked about the two additionals is the right

and the left lung field okay

so over here what you need to understand in the e first you keep the probe

so probe is kept at six positions which basically include the right

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and the left lung fields as well okay

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so i hope you've understood this point

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and based on this what do you have you have something

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which is called as a seashore sign seashore sign

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and then what we have is a barcode

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or what you refer to as your stratosphere sign okay

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so what is this particular seashore sign can you please help me with this particular seashore sign

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so seashore sign is something which is basically present

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in normal individuals okay in the normal individuals

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so for example let's say you and me okay in the you and me

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if at all let's say we are kind of keeping the

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probe what is going to happen the lungs is going to expand

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and it is going to come

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and hit to the hit the whatever the rib cage

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and then that particular lung is going to go back you understand my point

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so this is what is basically referred to as a seashore

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sign like in the seashore what happens the waves come they hit the seashore

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and then they basically go back

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so this is what is present in the normal individuals now what is this barcode

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or the stratosphere sign so this particular barcode

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or the stratosphere sign this is basically present in the patients who are having the pneumothorax

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so what you need to understand is that air is basically going to create a lot of artifacts

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okay so air basically creates a lot of artifacts and

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because of these particular artifacts what happens is uh they basically appear like a barcode

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or whatever the stratosphere or something so bar code

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or the stratosphere sign is basically what you basically see in the pneumothorax patients okay

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so as you can see over here that yeah

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so this is what you need to understand the normal lung

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here what you basically get is a seizure sign in the pneumothorax what you basically get is a barcode

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or a stratosphere sign okay i hope you've understood this particular points in a decent manner okay understood

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

このスピーキングレッスンは、動画「Focused Assessment With Sonography in Trauma」を教材にしています。繰り返し出てくる語は次のとおりです：particular, fast, fluid, probe, sign。この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が129文、単語が1498語あります。音声の長さは9:16です。話す速さは1分あたり約162語で、日常会話に近い自然なペースです。単語の88%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれるため、語彙は分かりやすいです。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
fluid 名詞	/ˈflu.ɪd/	流体, 液体
trauma 名詞	/ˈtɹɔm.ə/	外傷, 損傷
detect 動詞	/dɪˈtɛkt/	検出する, 見付ける
lung 名詞	/ˈlʌŋ/	肺臓, 肺
ultrasound 名詞	/ʌl.tɹə.saʊnd/	超音波
assessment 名詞	/əˈsɛsmənt/	評価
refer 動詞	/ɹɪˈfɜː/	問い合わせる
abdomen 名詞	/ˈæb.də.mən/	腹, 腹部
topic 名詞	/ˈtɑpɪk/	話題, テーマ
suffer 動詞	/ˈsʌfɚ/	被る
expand 動詞	/ɪkˈspænd/	広げる, 拡大する
margin 名詞	/ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒɪn/	余白
examine 動詞	/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/	調べる
cage 名詞	/keɪd͡ʒ/	檻, 篭
seizure 名詞	/ˈsi.ʒɚ/	奪取

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	意味
go back 動詞	戻る, 帰る
rule out 動詞	除外する, 排除する

この動画の文法

話し手がよく使っている文型を、動画の実際の表現とともに紹介します。

文型	動画での表現
受動態 be + 過去分詞 — 誰がするかより、何が起きるかに焦点を当てる	is needed · is performed · is thickened
現在完了形 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去の出来事が今も関係している	has suffered · you've understood
関係詞節 who / which + 節 — 人や物について情報を加える	USG which is · ultrasound which is · something which is

注意したい発音

話し手はyou're, you've, I'llなど、短縮形や弱形を8回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「th」の音: pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/, thicken /ˈθɪkən/
「sh」と「zh」の音: seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/, seashore /ˈsiːʃoɹ/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: hypochondriac /ˌhaɪpoʊˈkɑndɹiæk/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/, radiologist /ˌɹeɪ.diːˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/

日本語話者が苦手な音：

/r/ と /l/ の区別 — /l/ は舌先を歯茎につけ、/r/ はどこにもつけない: ultrasound /ʌl.tɹə.saʊnd/, radiologist /ˌɹeɪ.diːˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/
/v/ — /b/ にならないように、上の歯を下唇に当てる: pelvis /ˈpɛlvɪs/, pelvic /ˈpɛlvɪk/
/f/ — 「フ」ではなく、上の歯と下唇で出す: fluid /ˈflu.ɪd/, refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/, suffer /ˈsʌfɚ/, stratosphere /ˈstɹætəsfɪɚ/, artifact /ˈɑɹtɪfækt/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
まず0.75倍速で一文ずつシャドーイングし、慣れてきたら通常の速度に戻します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。fluid, trauma, detectなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Focused Assessment With Sonography in Trauma (FAST) - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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