跟讀練習: Focused Assessment With Sonography in Trauma (FAST) - 通過影片學習英語口語

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so now let's move on to the next topic

which is basically fast

so anybody can you please tell me what is the full

form of this particular fast what does fast stand for can you please help me with this okay

so what this particular this particular fast stands for okay

so fast basically stands for your focused assessment sonography for trauma okay

so what does this stands for so first thing

which you need to understand is the full form of this

so what is this particular fast stands for fast basically stands for okay

so this is focused assessment sonography

for trauma okay what is FAST stands for this is a focused assessment sonography for trauma

so what happens is

that first of all let's try to understand why this is needed why this is

that so whatever you do in your life you always need to have some kind of an aim

so what is an aim of performing this particular fast the

aim of this performing this particular fast is to look for to look for intraperitoneal fluid.

You understand my point?

So what is the aim of this?

The aim of this is to look for intraperitoneal fluid.

So what do you understand by this particular intraperitoneal fluid?

Intraperitoneal fluid basically means that, let's assume that, okay, so you and I, we all have like some amount of the intraperitoneal fluid,

but let's assume that after a trauma okay so let's say there is a patient who has suffered from a trauma

okay and after the trauma if you examine this particular patient and there is an increased

intraperitoneal fluid okay in these particular patients what does it tell you this basically tells you

that there is some significant significant intra -abdominal injury intra -abdominal injury.

Are you understanding my point?

So if at all there is a patient after the trauma

if at all you perform a fast

and on the fast there is a significant intra -palatal fluid is present in

that particular patient it basically tells you

that there is some significant intra -abdominal injury is present in

that particular patient okay so why are we performing the first

because we want to know whether some significant interabdomal injury has kind of taken place there

or not okay I hope you understood this point okay now

when we've been talking about the first okay

when we talk about the first how do you do

that okay so how is this particular first performed

so this is nothing this is basically a USG which is basically done in emergency room in emergency

room

and this is basically completed completed in three to four minutes

okay in three to four minutes you complete this particular whatever the test and

that is what is basically done in the emergency room this

is what you need to understand this is this is how the basically fast is performed

and how do you kind of perform it I'll tell you

so what you need to understand is that let's assume

that this is the abdomen right this is the coastal margin

this is the abdomen then what we have is this is what is the pelvis

and everything right so what you need to understand is

that you keep your ultrasound probe at four positions so this is what is in epigastric then what we have is right

hypochondriac region then we have the left oh sorry uh right subcostal

or hypochondriac whatever you want to call it right subcostal or hypochondriac region left kind of hypochondriac region

and then at the pelvis okay

so keep your probe at these particular four positions okay so

when you keep your probe at the epigastric region what are you looking for

so when you keep your probe in the epigastric region you are basically looking for pericardial

tamponade okay so you are trying to rule out pericardial tamponade

when you are basically keeping your probe at the right hypochondriac region you're basically trying to look for

any particular fluid around this liver when you're keeping it in the left

hypochondriac region you're basically looking for any fluid

around the spleen then

when you are keeping it in the pelvic region you are

basically looking for any fluid in the pelvis okay obviously right

so this is how you kind of keep the probe at the four positions

and this is how you basically perform the fast now uh

this is separate from uh the other kind of ultrasound okay

so let's assume that i want to get an abdominal ultrasound done

so in that the radiologist is basically going to report everything it is going to the he

or she is going to report whether the gallbladder stone is present

or not or whether the gallbladder is thickened or not

and all these particular things is going to be reported

but over here what you need to understand no doubt

that it is an ultrasound which is being done

but the aim of the ultrasound is just to detect the

intraperitoneal fluid all we are trying to see is the intraperitoneal fluid for

which we quickly keep the probe at the four positions

and we look for the fluid now the question is how

much amount of the fluid can be detected by this particular fast okay

so can you please tell me how much fluid how much fluid can be detected detected

with the fast okay

so the answer to this is how much amount of the

fluid is kind of detected in this particular fast how much amount of the fluid can be detected

so what you need to understand is yes

so it is around 100 to 150 cc so by

and large it is considered to be 150

but 11 really mentions it as like 100 cc

so around 100 to 150 cc this is the minimum amount of the fluid

which can be detected by this particular fast now what is it drawback

or the problem of this particular fast we were not getting information about the right

and the left lung field and that is why we came up with something

which is called as an e -fast okay

so what is this particular e -fast in the e -fast

what you're basically doing is instead of keeping the probe

and the four positions over here you keep the probe at six positions

so here the probe is kept at six positions okay you understand my point

so probe is basically kept at the six positions

so what are these particular six positions the four we already talked about the two additionals is the right

and the left lung field okay

so over here what you need to understand in the e first you keep the probe

so probe is kept at six positions which basically include the right

100

and the left lung fields as well okay

101

so i hope you've understood this point

102

and based on this what do you have you have something

103

which is called as a seashore sign seashore sign

104

and then what we have is a barcode

105

or what you refer to as your stratosphere sign okay

106

so what is this particular seashore sign can you please help me with this particular seashore sign

107

so seashore sign is something which is basically present

108

in normal individuals okay in the normal individuals

109

so for example let's say you and me okay in the you and me

110

if at all let's say we are kind of keeping the

111

probe what is going to happen the lungs is going to expand

112

and it is going to come

113

and hit to the hit the whatever the rib cage

114

and then that particular lung is going to go back you understand my point

115

so this is what is basically referred to as a seashore

116

sign like in the seashore what happens the waves come they hit the seashore

117

and then they basically go back

118

so this is what is present in the normal individuals now what is this barcode

119

or the stratosphere sign so this particular barcode

120

or the stratosphere sign this is basically present in the patients who are having the pneumothorax

121

so what you need to understand is that air is basically going to create a lot of artifacts

122

okay so air basically creates a lot of artifacts and

123

because of these particular artifacts what happens is uh they basically appear like a barcode

124

or whatever the stratosphere or something so bar code

125

or the stratosphere sign is basically what you basically see in the pneumothorax patients okay

126

so as you can see over here that yeah

127

so this is what you need to understand the normal lung

128

here what you basically get is a seizure sign in the pneumothorax what you basically get is a barcode

129

or a stratosphere sign okay i hope you've understood this particular points in a decent manner okay understood

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節口語課以影片“Focused Assessment With Sonography in Trauma”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：particular, fast, fluid, probe, sign。這段影片共有 129 個句子、1498 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 9:16。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 162 個詞，接近日常對話。 88% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，詞彙容易理解。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中 15 個值得學習的單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
fluid 名詞	/ˈflu.ɪd/	流體 /流體, 液體 /液體
trauma 名詞	/ˈtɹɔm.ə/	負傷 /負傷, 損傷 /損傷
detect 動詞	/dɪˈtɛkt/	察覺 /察覺, 發覺 /發覺
lung 名詞	/ˈlʌŋ/	физы, 肺
ultrasound 名詞	/ʌl.tɹə.saʊnd/	超音波 /超音波, 超音波
abdominal 形容詞	/æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/	腹部的
assessment 名詞	/əˈsɛsmənt/	評價 /評價, 評估 /評估
refer 動詞	/ɹɪˈfɜː/	談到 /談到
abdomen 名詞	/ˈæb.də.mən/	腹部, 腹
topic 名詞	/ˈtɑpɪk/	主題 /主題, 話題 /話題
suffer 動詞	/ˈsʌfɚ/	受苦, 遭受
decent 形容詞	/ˈdiː.sənt/	體面 /體面, 正派
expand 動詞	/ɪkˈspænd/	擴充套件 /擴充套件, 擴張 /擴張
margin 名詞	/ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒɪn/	邊界 /邊界
examine 動詞	/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/	檢查, 調查

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
go back 動詞	回去, 返回
come up with 動詞	想出, 提出
rule out 動詞	排除

影片中的語法

說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：

結構	影片中的用法
被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的	is needed · is performed · is thickened
現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事	has suffered · you've understood
定語從句 who / which + 從句 — 補充說明人或事物	USG which is · ultrasound which is · something which is

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 8 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 you're, you've, I'll。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/, thicken /ˈθɪkən/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/, seashore /ˈsiːʃoɹ/
長單詞——注意重音位置: hypochondriac /ˌhaɪpoʊˈkɑndɹiæk/, pneumothorax /ˈnju.moʊˌθɔ.ɹæks/, radiologist /ˌɹeɪ.diːˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: pelvis /ˈpɛlvɪs/, pelvic /ˈpɛlvɪk/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: fluid /ˈflu.ɪd/, probe /pɹoʊb/, detect /dɪˈtɛkt/, ultrasound /ʌl.tɹə.saʊnd/, assessment /əˈsɛsmənt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: ultrasound /ʌl.tɹə.saʊnd/, radiologist /ˌɹeɪ.diːˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 fluid, trauma, detect 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: Focused Assessment With Sonography in Trauma (FAST) - 通過影片學習英語口語

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