Pratique du Shadowing: SVINutes: Cerebral Venous Sinus Anatomy - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Hi, thank you for tuning into this minute on venous sinus anatomy.
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So we're going to jump right in.
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And the most important thing to frame our discussion today is to really understand the circulation for the venous system.
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So that starts with understanding that the cerebrospinal fluid is predominantly made in the choriole plexus of the lateral ventricles.
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and then from there it's going to bathe the brain, flow through the cisterns, and then be absorbed through the arachnoid granulations.
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So this really shows how those arachnoid granulations are jutting into each one of those venous sinuses,
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and then from there the peripheral venous sinuses are predominantly going to drain from anterior to posterior,
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then around the sides of the ears and down the jugular vein.
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We're going to go through all of those details in the next slides.
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So first we need to remember that the venous sinuses are not like arteries.
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They are not pipes.
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They are instead spaces that are created between the dural leaflets.
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So between the periosteal layer aligning the skull and between the meningeal layer aligning the surface of the brain.
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And so because of that, as this slide is showing, they end up being a series of trabeculated spaces.
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They're not just one big open channel and they're not all created alike because of that.
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Also, you'll note the arachma granulation is jutting into those channels, which also can change the shape and the size of each one of those sinuses.
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Now that's true for the peripheral sinuses, like I just showed you, as well as for the deep sinuses.
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So in this slide this is the cavernous sinus with both a diagram
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and an angiogram side by side just to show that true trabeculation
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and that when you're traversing these spaces they are not just one big open tube
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but instead of more like finding the holes in Swiss cheese.
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So let's get through the the sinuses and the venous drainage.
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So starting with the peripheral anatomy what you can see at
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the top of the slide here is the superior sagittal sinus
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that's going to collect the venous drainage from the cortical veins starting anteriorly
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and then draining posteriorly back to the confluence of sinuses from
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the confluence you're going to drain both sides down the transverse sinuses out laterally
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and then down the sigmoid sinus into the jugular vein now those peripheral
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that peripheral drainage is going to be met by the deep venous drainage as well.
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So we're going to introduce that on this slide and then go into some details.
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So you're going to have the inferior sagittal sinus that's going to be lining the corpus callosum, so again that same c-shape going from anterior to posterior.
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When it gets down to the inferior border it's going to connect to that confluence by the straight sinus,
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again draining by the sigmoid sinuses and down the jugular vein.
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The other deep venous structures, which you can see here in the diagram we'll look at on this next slide.
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So predominantly we're talking about the internal cerebral veins and those are bilateral, the paired structures as well as the basal vein of Rosenthal, again bilateral.
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They're going to converge to create the great cerebral vein of Galen
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and then that is also going to empty into the straight sinus.
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So let's look at those individually.
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So for the internal cerebral vein, you want to think of that as draining all of the midline deep structures.
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So things like the fornix,
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the amygdala, the hippocampus, and of course the thalamus are all going to drain into those internal cerebral veins bilaterally,
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as opposed to the basal vein of Rosenthal, which is going to start collecting blood as anterior as the anterior cerebral veins,
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and then it's going to migrate back and around the cisterns
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and connect to that internal cerebral vein to create the vein of Galen.
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Now, it's important to note that each one of these sinus systems, both the deep sinus system and the superficial sinus system, both have anastomosis.
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So what I'm showing on this slide is the convergence of the superficial anastomosis.
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So that's going to be the superior cerebral vein, which is going to come in from the anterior surface.
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And it's going to anastomose with the vein of Trollard, which is going to be your predominant cortical vein that goes to the superior sagittal sinus.
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And with the vein of which is going to be your predominant venous drainage going into the transverse sinus.
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Now it's important to note that this is very uncommon pattern that I've shown here on the angiogram or the venogram, where all three are about the same size.
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They're all co-dominant truly.
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Usually one is much larger, another smaller, and just remember that that flow can go anterior
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and posterior through each of those channels to either drain through the more anterior deep drainage or more superficial posterior drainage.
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Now those variations
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we see every day and so this is an example of the transverse sinuses
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which in panel C are truly co-dominant
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but more commonly one is going to be dominant
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and the other one not and so that's what you're seeing in A
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and B where A the left transverse sinus is going to be the dominant drainage
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and and be the right transverse sinus is going to be the dominant drainage.
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And so we see this on imaging every day, but the key is to note that it can actually create pathology.
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So if you couple that with, for instance, an arachnid granulation at the transverse sigmoid junction, like in this slide, what you can see is that in this person,
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the left transverse sinus was the non-dominant sinus.
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The dominant drainage was through the right transverse sinus, and then you got this pinch point from that arachnoid granulation.
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So the pressures are shown on this slide and you can see
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that this person had intracranial hypertension with a pressure of 45 in the spherosagittal sinus
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but then we were able to stent that sinus to release
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that pressure and the pressure did normalize on the right side of the screen as soon as that stent was placed.
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So just to summarize what I've shown you, hopefully everybody can recognize some of the major cerebral veins and
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and the venous sinus drainage for both the superficial and deep venous sinus systems.
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There's much more complicated anatomy involved, but this gives you a kind of a high level overview.
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And so I thank you for taking the time and I hope you've enjoyed this minute.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette vidéo contient 72 phrases et 1111 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 6:12. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 179 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 75 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| vein nom | /veɪn/ | veine |
| drainage nom | /ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/ | drainage |
| slide nom | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | toboggan, glissoire |
| cerebral adjectif | /səˈɹi.bɹəl/ | cérébral |
| dominant adjectif | /ˈdɑmənənt/ | dominant |
| drain nom | /dɹiːn/ | drain, bonde |
| anterior adjectif | /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/ | antérieur |
| peripheral adjectif | /pəˈɹɪf(ə)ɹ(ə)l/ | périphérique |
| superior adjectif | /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/ | supérieur |
| anatomy nom | /əˈnætəmi/ | anatomie |
| predominantly adverbe | /pɹɪˈdɒmɪnəntli/ | principalement, majoritairement |
| layer nom | /ˈleɪ̯ɚ/ | couche |
| connect verbe | /kəˈnɛkt/ | accoupler, connecter |
| collect verbe | /ˈkɑlɪkt/ | rassembler, recueillir |
| diagram nom | /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/ | diagramme, schéma |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| end up verbe | se terminer, se finir | |
| get through verbe | /ɡɛt ˈθɹu/ | franchir |
| go through verbe | traverser |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 18 contractions et formes réduites, comme they're, we're, you're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/, bathe /beɪð/, thalamus /ˈθæləməs/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, junction /ˈd͡ʒʌŋkʃən/, hypertension /ˌhaɪ.pɚˈtɛn.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: anterior /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/, peripheral /pəˈɹɪf(ə)ɹ(ə)l/, superficial /ˌsupɚˈfɪʃəl/, superior /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/, anatomy /əˈnætəmi/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme vein, drainage, slide.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is predominantly made · be absorbed · are created |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | I've shown · you've enjoyed |
| Propositions relatives who / which + proposition — une précision sur une personne ou une chose | Rosenthal, which is · vein, which is · Trollard, which is |
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.