Pratique du Shadowing: SVINutes: Collateral Circulation - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
Création de la leçon...
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Hi, I'm David Liebeskin speaking to you from the USC Neurovascular Institute, talking to you about collateral circulation.
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So collateral circulation we know has been important for hundreds of years in terms of blood flow in the brain
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and specifically with respect to ischemia or ischemic stroke, both in terms of different stages in terms of the onset of stroke, the likelihood that you're going to develop a stroke,
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as well as in terms of what happens once someone does have a stroke.
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Collaterals are important.
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These are these alternative blood flow channels that provide blood flow when the main artery is blocked to the brain, and it offsets the ischemic injury or the damage that is done.
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It is a compensatory mechanism where the brain actually is able
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to sustain itself against the lack of blood flow in that region of the brain.
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Collateral circulation is seen with a variety of different imaging methods, and this is where we've learned the most about collateral circulation from originally from angiography
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and in most recent decades from non-invasive imaging as well.
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So we see correlates of collateral circulation in terms of every type of imaging that we do.
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Indirect correlations, so not necessarily the direct collaterals themselves, but the collateral blood flow or perfusion,
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the collateral arterial roots or the connections or anastomosis that we call them, as well as the consequences in terms of what happens in terms of the amount of ischemic damage,
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as well as what can happen in terms of reperfusion injury and hemorrhage.
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So collaterals are important because they reflect the likelihood we're able to reperfuse the brain, to what extent, and the recovery after stroke as well.
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So grading collaterals is very important.
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We do this routinely as an imaging core lab, but it's done in routine practice on a daily basis from non-invasive as well as angiographic methods.
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Collateral circulation has been associated with different demographics, different patient status, comorbidities as well.
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And it is important to think about these things in terms of diagnosing patients, not just with stroke, but in terms of their collateral status and the likelihood that they're gonna rapidly progress or not.
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This is important because we can plan treatment based on that.
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We can plan how aggressive we need to be, or should be, in training that acute ischemic stroke with endovascular therapy or other alternative approaches.
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Increasingly, and in recent years, this is important in terms of neuroprotection or cytoprotection, where we try alternative methods of protecting the brain.
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Patients with poor collaterals may have a greater need for neuroprotection or cytoprotection, where the brain is not able to recover as well.
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So grading collaterals in terms of these indirect measures on imaging is important, whether with CT or MRI techniques. In sum,
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collaterals are very important in terms of how patients do from A to Z throughout the entire course of the disease.
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And it's very important to use the imaging
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that we have available on a daily basis to estimate what we can do from a therapeutic standpoint.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau C1 s’appuie sur la vidéo « SVINutes: Collateral Circulation ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : collateral, terms, stroke, brain, imaging. Cette vidéo contient 28 phrases et 517 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 2:35. Le locuteur parle vite, environ 201 mots par minute : attendez-vous à des liaisons et à des sons réduits. Seuls 78 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| collateral nom | /kəˈlætəɹəl/ | nantissement, gage |
| circulation nom | /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/ | circulation |
| ischemic adjectif | /ɪˈskiːmɪk/ | ischémique |
| likelihood nom | /ˈlaɪklihʊd/ | vraisemblance |
| invasive adjectif | /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ | d'invasion |
| indirect adjectif | /ˌɪn.daɪˈɹɛkt/ | indirect |
| angiographic adjectif | angiographique | |
| angiography nom | /ˌæn.d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fi/ | angiographie |
| arterial adjectif | artériel | |
| comorbidity nom | /ˌkəʊmɔːˈbɪdɪti/ | comorbidité |
| compensatory adjectif | /kəmˈpɛnsəˌtɔɹi/ | compensatoire |
| correlate verbe | /ˈkɔɹəleɪt/ | corréler |
| diagnose verbe | /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ | diagnostiquer |
| endovascular adjectif | endovasculaire | |
| hemorrhage nom | /ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ | hémorragie |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has been · we've learned · has been associated |
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is blocked · is seen · has been associated |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 6 contractions et formes réduites, comme gonna, I'm, they're. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, perfusion /pəɹˈfjuʒən/, correlation /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: collateral /kəˈlætəɹəl/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, anastomosis /ənæstəˈməʊsɪs/, angiography /ˌæn.d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fi/, comorbidity /ˌkəʊmɔːˈbɪdɪti/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: likelihood /ˈlaɪklihʊd/, hemorrhage /ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: angiography /ˌæn.d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fi/, hemorrhage /ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: collateral /kəˈlætəɹəl/, indirect /ˌɪn.daɪˈɹɛkt/, angiography /ˌæn.d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fi/, compensatory /kəmˈpɛnsəˌtɔɹi/, correlate /ˈkɔɹəleɪt/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme collateral, circulation, ischemic.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.