Shadowing Practice: SVINutes: Collateral Circulation - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Hi, I'm David Liebeskin speaking to you from the USC Neurovascular Institute, talking to you about collateral circulation.
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So collateral circulation we know has been important for hundreds of years in terms of blood flow in the brain
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and specifically with respect to ischemia or ischemic stroke, both in terms of different stages in terms of the onset of stroke, the likelihood that you're going to develop a stroke,
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as well as in terms of what happens once someone does have a stroke.
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Collaterals are important.
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These are these alternative blood flow channels that provide blood flow when the main artery is blocked to the brain, and it offsets the ischemic injury or the damage that is done.
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It is a compensatory mechanism where the brain actually is able
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to sustain itself against the lack of blood flow in that region of the brain.
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Collateral circulation is seen with a variety of different imaging methods, and this is where we've learned the most about collateral circulation from originally from angiography
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and in most recent decades from non-invasive imaging as well.
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So we see correlates of collateral circulation in terms of every type of imaging that we do.
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Indirect correlations, so not necessarily the direct collaterals themselves, but the collateral blood flow or perfusion,
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the collateral arterial roots or the connections or anastomosis that we call them, as well as the consequences in terms of what happens in terms of the amount of ischemic damage,
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as well as what can happen in terms of reperfusion injury and hemorrhage.
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So collaterals are important because they reflect the likelihood we're able to reperfuse the brain, to what extent, and the recovery after stroke as well.
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So grading collaterals is very important.
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We do this routinely as an imaging core lab, but it's done in routine practice on a daily basis from non-invasive as well as angiographic methods.
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Collateral circulation has been associated with different demographics, different patient status, comorbidities as well.
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And it is important to think about these things in terms of diagnosing patients, not just with stroke, but in terms of their collateral status and the likelihood that they're gonna rapidly progress or not.
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This is important because we can plan treatment based on that.
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We can plan how aggressive we need to be, or should be, in training that acute ischemic stroke with endovascular therapy or other alternative approaches.
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Increasingly, and in recent years, this is important in terms of neuroprotection or cytoprotection, where we try alternative methods of protecting the brain.
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Patients with poor collaterals may have a greater need for neuroprotection or cytoprotection, where the brain is not able to recover as well.
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So grading collaterals in terms of these indirect measures on imaging is important, whether with CT or MRI techniques. In sum,
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collaterals are very important in terms of how patients do from A to Z throughout the entire course of the disease.
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And it's very important to use the imaging
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that we have available on a daily basis to estimate what we can do from a therapeutic standpoint.
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Thank you.
📺 Zelfde Kanaal
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “SVINutes: Collateral Circulation”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: collateral, terms, stroke, brain, imaging. Deze video bevat 28 zinnen en 517 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 2:35. De spreker praat snel, ongeveer 201 woorden per minuut, dus reken op verbonden en ingeslikte klanken. Slechts 78% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| collateral zelfstandig naamwoord | /kəˈlætəɹəl/ | zekerheid, onderpand |
| circulation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/ | omloop |
| ischemic bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɪˈskiːmɪk/ | ischemisch |
| likelihood zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈlaɪklihʊd/ | waarschijnlijkheid |
| indirect bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌɪn.daɪˈɹɛkt/ | onrechtstreeks, indirect |
| comorbidity zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌkəʊmɔːˈbɪdɪti/ | comorbiditeit |
| correlate werkwoord | /ˈkɔɹəleɪt/ | correleren, in wederkerige betrekking staan |
| diagnose werkwoord | /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ | diagnosticeren |
| endovascular bijvoeglijk naamwoord | endovasculair | |
| hemorrhage zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ | bloeding |
| ischemia zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪˈski.mi.ə/ | ischemie |
| standpoint zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈstændpɔɪnt/ | standpunt, uitgangspunt |
| artery zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ | slagader, arterie |
| onset zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɒnˌsɛt/ | aanvang |
| therapeutic bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌθɛɹ.əˈpjuː.tɪk/ | therapeutisch |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has been · we've learned · has been associated |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is blocked · is seen · has been associated |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 6 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals gonna, I'm, they're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, perfusion /pəɹˈfjuʒən/, correlation /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: collateral /kəˈlætəɹəl/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, anastomosis /ənæstəˈməʊsɪs/, angiography /ˌæn.d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fi/, comorbidity /ˌkəʊmɔːˈbɪdɪti/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: likelihood /ˈlaɪklihʊd/, invasive /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/, hemorrhage /ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: collateral /kəˈlætəɹəl/, anastomosis /ənæstəˈməʊsɪs/, angiography /ˌæn.d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fi/, standpoint /ˈstændpɔɪnt/, demographic /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: angiography /ˌæn.d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fi/, diagnose /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/, demographic /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als collateral, circulation, ischemic.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.