Shadowing Practice: SVINutes: Collateral Circulation - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Hi, I'm David Liebeskin speaking to you from the USC Neurovascular Institute, talking to you about collateral circulation.
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So collateral circulation we know has been important for hundreds of years in terms of blood flow in the brain
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and specifically with respect to ischemia or ischemic stroke, both in terms of different stages in terms of the onset of stroke, the likelihood that you're going to develop a stroke,
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as well as in terms of what happens once someone does have a stroke.
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Collaterals are important.
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These are these alternative blood flow channels that provide blood flow when the main artery is blocked to the brain, and it offsets the ischemic injury or the damage that is done.
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It is a compensatory mechanism where the brain actually is able
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to sustain itself against the lack of blood flow in that region of the brain.
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Collateral circulation is seen with a variety of different imaging methods, and this is where we've learned the most about collateral circulation from originally from angiography
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and in most recent decades from non-invasive imaging as well.
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So we see correlates of collateral circulation in terms of every type of imaging that we do.
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Indirect correlations, so not necessarily the direct collaterals themselves, but the collateral blood flow or perfusion,
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the collateral arterial roots or the connections or anastomosis that we call them, as well as the consequences in terms of what happens in terms of the amount of ischemic damage,
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as well as what can happen in terms of reperfusion injury and hemorrhage.
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So collaterals are important because they reflect the likelihood we're able to reperfuse the brain, to what extent, and the recovery after stroke as well.
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So grading collaterals is very important.
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We do this routinely as an imaging core lab, but it's done in routine practice on a daily basis from non-invasive as well as angiographic methods.
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Collateral circulation has been associated with different demographics, different patient status, comorbidities as well.
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And it is important to think about these things in terms of diagnosing patients, not just with stroke, but in terms of their collateral status and the likelihood that they're gonna rapidly progress or not.
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This is important because we can plan treatment based on that.
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We can plan how aggressive we need to be, or should be, in training that acute ischemic stroke with endovascular therapy or other alternative approaches.
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Increasingly, and in recent years, this is important in terms of neuroprotection or cytoprotection, where we try alternative methods of protecting the brain.
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Patients with poor collaterals may have a greater need for neuroprotection or cytoprotection, where the brain is not able to recover as well.
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So grading collaterals in terms of these indirect measures on imaging is important, whether with CT or MRI techniques. In sum,
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collaterals are very important in terms of how patients do from A to Z throughout the entire course of the disease.
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And it's very important to use the imaging
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that we have available on a daily basis to estimate what we can do from a therapeutic standpoint.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación de nivel C1 se basa en el vídeo “SVINutes: Collateral Circulation”. Las palabras que más se repiten: collateral, terms, stroke, brain, imaging. Este vídeo tiene 28 frases y 517 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 2:35. El hablante habla rápido, unas 201 palabras por minuto, así que espera sonidos enlazados y reducidos. Solo el 78 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
Las 15 palabras más avanzadas del vídeo, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| collateral sustantivo | /kəˈlætəɹəl/ | prenda, aval |
| circulation sustantivo | /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/ | circulación |
| ischemic adjetivo | /ɪˈskiːmɪk/ | isquémico |
| likelihood sustantivo | /ˈlaɪklihʊd/ | probabilidad |
| invasive adjetivo | /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ | invasivo |
| indirect adjetivo | /ˌɪn.daɪˈɹɛkt/ | indirecto |
| anastomosis sustantivo | /ənæstəˈməʊsɪs/ | anastomosis |
| angiographic adjetivo | angiográfico | |
| angiography sustantivo | /ˌæn.d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fi/ | angiografía |
| arterial adjetivo | arterial | |
| comorbidity sustantivo | /ˌkəʊmɔːˈbɪdɪti/ | comorbilidad |
| compensatory adjetivo | /kəmˈpɛnsəˌtɔɹi/ | compensatorio |
| correlate verbo | /ˈkɔɹəleɪt/ | correlacionar |
| diagnose verbo | /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ | diagnosticar |
| endovascular adjetivo | endovascular |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | has been · we've learned · has been associated |
| Voz pasiva be + participio pasado — importa lo que ocurre, no quién lo hace | is blocked · is seen · has been associated |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 6 contracciones y formas reducidas, como gonna, I'm, they're. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, perfusion /pəɹˈfjuʒən/, correlation /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: collateral /kəˈlætəɹəl/, circulation /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/, anastomosis /ənæstəˈməʊsɪs/, angiography /ˌæn.d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fi/, comorbidity /ˌkəʊmɔːˈbɪdɪti/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /dʒ/ — no es la “y” ni la “ch”: angiography /ˌæn.d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fi/, hemorrhage /ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/
- /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: likelihood /ˈlaɪklihʊd/, hemorrhage /ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como collateral, circulation, ischemic.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.