쉐도잉 연습: Why does Japan work so hard? | CNBC Explains - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Working long hours is a way of life in Japan.

So much so that some occasionally die from it.

Kuroshi is a term that means death by overwork.

So why are people working so hard and can it be fixed?

Japan has some of the longest working hours in the world.

Nearly a quarter of Japanese companies have their employees work more than 80 hours of overtime per month.

Those extra hours are often unpaid.

Today, Japan's corporate culture is driven by the so-called salaryman.

The salaryman is defined by his loyalty to his company and expected to spend his entire career working for the same firm.

Not only does he work long hours in the office, but it's also assumed he'll participate in after-work activities too, like drinking with colleagues.

And they're not taking enough time off.

In 2017, one survey found that despite being entitled to 20 days off per year, Japanese workers left 10 of those days unused,

used, topping every other country in the survey.

You don't have to be in the confines of corporate walls to feel the impact of its work culture.

It's 3 a.m.

Thursday morning right now in Tokyo.

I'm in the area of Ginza.

Every few minutes I see a man wearing a suit holding a briefcase.

The nation's work ethic dates back to what's referred to as Japan's economic miracle, which was its dramatic economic growth beginning in the 1950s,

which propelled it to become the world's second largest economy.

Inside Japan's corporations, the culture emphasizes the success of a company as a whole to be more important than any single individual,

which might explain why one study found that 63% of Japanese felt guilty for taking paid leave.

But perhaps more concerning is this.

Long work hours don't necessarily mean high productivity.

In fact, Japan has the lowest productivity amongst the G7 nations.

Earlier I mentioned the term karoshi.

It means death by overwork.

It's legally recognized by the government and usually is marked by a heart attack, stroke, or suicide due to stress.

There's hundreds of cases of karoshi reported annually, although some argue these cases are underreported and that the real number could exceed that by up to 10 times.

An employee of the advertising firm, Dentsu, jumped to her death in 2015.

The cause was said to have been depression caused by overwork.

The case generated widespread attention and renewed calls to change the long working hours and illegal unpaid overtime, highly common in Japan.

The firm was fined for violating labor standards

because she was reportedly forced to work more than 100 hours of overtime per month.

The company's CEO even resigned over the controversy.

After the death, Dentsu made some changes within the company.

One of them, the lights in the office now turn off at 10pm every night in an effort to force employees to leave.

Both the government and companies are now actively trying to reduce the number of working hours here.

And there are some early signs of hope.

Japan's government has considered several initiatives to curb the number of hours spent at the office, including making it mandatory to take at least five vacation days a year

and requiring a rest period between the end of one day and the start of another.

In 2016, a new holiday, Mountain Day, was started, bringing Japan's number of annual public holidays to 16.

And in 2017, the government launched an initiative called Premium Fridays,

in which it encouraged companies to allow their employees to leave at 3 p.m on the last Friday of the month, promoting consumer spending and less time in the office.

But one study found that less than 4% of employees in Japan actually left early on the first Premium Friday.

Which is why, despite these initiatives, a cultural challenge still looms.

Since Japan's culture emphasizes the group over the individual, well, no one wants to be the first one to leave the office.

And there's another reason that there's pressure on people to work hard.

Japan's economy is in danger, and in order to maintain its massive size, Japan needs to put in the hours.

Japan lost its spot as the world's second largest economy to China in 2011, a title that it had previously held for 42 years.

Japan is dealing with a labor crisis.

Its population is aging fast, and its birth rate is in decline.

That means its total population is going down.

And in the next 50 years, it's projected to shrink by nearly a third.

The population is expected to go from 127 million in 2015 to just 88 million by 2065.

There's two likely ways that a nation can compensate for the labor shortage, immigrants or robots.

Japan has always been less inclined to accept immigrants.

In fact, its percentage of foreign workers is tiny compared to other nations of large economies.

So without more immigrants, it's looking to robotics to fill in the gap.

Its robotics industry has spanned from hospitality to manufacturing, and now even reaching farms by creating robots that melt cows.

But whether technology could open the door for a better work-life balance for Japan's workforce still remains to be seen.

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이번 수업에서는 일본의 근무 문화와 그로 인한 문제에 대해 알아보고, 관련된 영어 표현과 문장을 연습할 것입니다. 특히, 일본에서의 장시간 근무와 그로 인해 발생하는 '카라oshi'라는 현상에 대한 내용을 통해 영어 회화 연습을 하면서 실생활에서도 자주 사용되는 표현을 학습할 수 있습니다. 이 영상을 통해 유튜브 영어 공부를 하며 더 나아가 영어 쉐도잉 실력을 향상시킬 수 있습니다.

주요 어휘 및 구문

Karoshi (카라oshi): 과로사, 과로로 인한 사망을 의미하는 일본어 용어
Salaryman (샐러리맨): 직장인, 회사에 충성을 다하며 평생 동일한 회사에서 일하는 남성을 지칭
Overtime (초과근무): 정규 근무시간을 초과하여 일하는 것
Productivity (생산성): 어떤 주어진 시간 동안 이루어지는 생산의 양
Labor crisis (노동 위기): 노동력 부족 문제
Work ethic (일을 대하는 태도): 직장에서의 근무 의식이나 태도
Take paid leave (유급 휴가를 받다): 유급으로 쉬는 것
Rest period (휴식 시간): 업무와 업무 사이의 휴식 시간

연습 팁

영상의 속도와 톤에 맞춰 영어 쉐도잉을 할 때, 다음과 같은 방법을 시도해 보세요:

반복 연습: 각 문장을 들을 때마다 멈추고, 그 뒤에 따라 말해보세요. 너무 빠르다고 느끼면 속도를 줄인 후 다시 시도해 보세요.
분절 연습: 긴 문장은 짧은 부분으로 나누어 연습하면 이해하기 쉽고 발음하기도 수월합니다.
억양에 주의: 영상 속 나레이션의 억양과 발음에 주의를 기울여, 자연스러운 영어 회화 연습이 될 수 있도록 하세요.
일상에서 사용하기: 오늘 배운 어휘와 구문을 일상 대화에 적용하여 연습해보세요. 주변 사람들과 대화할 때 의도적으로 사용해보는 것도 좋은 방법입니다.

이러한 쉐도잉 연습은 시간이 지날수록 영어 실력을 향상시키고, 자연스러운 영어 회화 능력을 기를 수 있도록 돕습니다.

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	be fixed · is driven · is defined
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	has considered · has always been · has spanned

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Why does Japan work so hard? | CNBC Explains - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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