쉐도잉 연습: Why food is getting more expensive for everyone - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Have you noticed that the price of your groceries has gone up?

Bread, milk, cheese, eggs are all more expensive, and it's something we're seeing throughout most of the globe.

So what is behind the price increase?

The United Nations Food Price Index tracks the monthly change in the price of a basket of food items.

The five commodities making up this basket are cereals, vegetable oils, sugar, meats and dairy products.

In March of 2022, the index recorded the highest price levels in its three -decade history.

It has since come off that high slightly, but is still well above levels seen in previous years.

The UN body's chief economist warned prices won't be going back to normal anytime soon.

They will continue increasing because we will not have the regular planting season for these two countries

and that could have a significant effect in the world.

The two countries he's referring to here are, unsurprisingly, Russia and Ukraine.

Russia's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine and rising energy prices are the two main reasons why food is getting more costly.

But why is food price inflation so widespread?

Let's take a closer look.

Prices are really complicated.

They're shaped by all sorts of things.

We've had the Ukraine crisis, which has really thrown the world's food system into disarray in some respects.

Ukraine is one of the bread baskets of Europe.

It's where we produce lots of our crops.

Many of those crops have been unable to leave the country.

And farmers right now in Ukraine are meant to be planting the next season's crops, and they haven't been able to.

So we can expect these issues to continue as well.

Ukraine is known for its fertile soils.

It is a top exporter of sunflower oil, corn and grains.

Ukraine and Russia combined produce more than a quarter of the global wheat supply.

So you can understand how disruptions in these markets can cause massive shocks to our global food supply.

For sure it is becoming a global problem.

We are talking of around 50 countries

that have more than 30 % of their imports dependent from Russian Federation

and Ukraine and of those 20 countries have 50 % of their exports depending on Ukraine.

For instance, look at some of the countries that are highly dependent on Russia and Ukraine for wheat imports.

Eritrea, Armenia, Mongolia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Somalia get more than 90 % of their wheat imports from the two countries alone.

Distressingly, there's a growing number of analysts, academics and policy makers saying that

Russia is intentionally weaponizing food supplies as a part of Vladimir Putin's war strategy.

The fear is that much of the developing world will starve as a result.

As if that weren't enough to contend with, energy prices were already high before the war.

The conflict has only made things worse.

And that has trickled down to your food bill.

We've seen rising gas prices, and that's increased the cost of fertilizers.

And many farmers are reliant on these fertilizers, these industrially produced fertilizers, which rely on natural gas for their manufacture.

So that's edged food prices up.

Natural gas, which is used as a raw material and fuel for making nitrogen fertilizers, accounts for about 80 % of the production cost.

With natural gas prices in Europe soaring almost 300 % over the last 12 months, the cost of fertilizers has naturally gone up too.

Major producers such as China and Russia have also put export bans in place to protect their domestic markets.

This is adding to the upheaval, affecting the type of crops being planted and the planting season.

Some crops like wheat, rice and corn, for example, are highly reliant on fertilizers.

In addition, the demand for alternatives to fossil fuels has led to the growth of biofuels, such as vegetable oils like palm and rapeseed oil.

As more farmers grow these cash crops, this drives up the prices for other crops competing for a limited amount of land.

And with inflation going through the roof, some governments have started to impose restrictions on the exports of their energy crops too.

Towards the end of April, Indonesia, the world's largest exporter of vegetable oil, imposed a three -week ban on the international sales of its palm oil.

Meanwhile, India also decided to ban exports of wheat, which, you may remember, is a fertilizer -intensive crop.

Europe's trade chief says these decisions only make the situation worse.

Countries are starting to take export restrictive measures and we think

that this is a tendency which can actually only aggravate the problem.

Financial services company Nomura warned that several major economies will fall into a recession next year.

You could see recessions in certain countries more likely than others.

For example, Europe.

Europe spends a lot more money on food and fuel relative to GDP than for example the US or the UK.

So it could be that that has a more direct and larger impact on people's ability to spend.

Expand a little bit on that point.

Let's step back and explain why this increase in food prices is a problem.

So it's a problem because it limits the amount of disposable income that people have to spend on other items.

And if you think about the people who are affected the most,

it tends to be the poor because they have a much greater spend on those items relative to their total spending.

So it could be really constraining for those households in particular, but for the economy as a whole.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Why food is getting more expensive for everyone”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: price, Ukraine, crop, countries, fertilizer. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 49개와 단어 922개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 5:52입니다. 화자는 분당 약 157단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 80%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
crop 명사	/kɹɑp/	작물
export 명사	/ˈɛks.pɔɹt/	수출품
wheat 명사	/ˈwiːt/	밀
farmer 명사	/ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/	농부, 농사꾼
import 명사	/ˈɪm.pɔɹt/	수입품
basket 명사	/ˈbæskɪt/	바구니, 고리짝
vegetable 명사	/ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/	채소, 야채
relative 명사	/ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/	친척
dependent 형용사	/dɪˈpɛndənt/	종속의
palm 명사	/pɑm/	손바닥
inflation 명사	/ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/	인플레이션, 인플레
warn 동사	/woɹn/	경고하다
recession 명사	/ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/	불황, 후퇴
complicated 형용사	/ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/	복잡하다
egg 명사	/ɛɡ/	달걀

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
go up 동사	올라가다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	Have you noticed · We've had · have been
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	are meant · is known · being planted
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	crisis, which has · gas, which is · tendency which can

주의할 발음

화자는 we've, haven't, they're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 7번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“sh”와 “zh” 소리: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, recession /ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/, shock /ʃɔk/, invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, intentionally /ɪnˈtɛn(t)ʃənəli/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, economist /iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/, commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/, intentionally /ɪnˈtɛn(t)ʃənəli/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: farmer /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/, inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/, fossil /ˈfɑsl̩/, fertile /ˈfɝːtəl/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, intensive /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/, restrictive /ɹɪˈstɹɪktɪv/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: groceries /ˈɡɹoʊ.s(ə.)ɹiz/, disposable /dɪsˈpoʊzəbl̩/, weaponize /ˈwɛpənaɪz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, crop, export, wheat 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Why food is getting more expensive for everyone - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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