쉐도잉 연습: Why Ukraine Is Doomed | Episode 6 - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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I would strongly encourage people not to believe what they read

in the mainstream media about how well Ukraine is doing in this war and how poorly Russia is doing.

The West is leading Ukraine down the primrose path.

And the Israelis are executing a genocide in Gaza.

It's not China's fault that it wants to be powerful.

So if you get into trouble and you dial 911, there's nobody at the other end.

Hi, this is John Mearsheimer, and in today's episode, I'd like to talk about the situation in Ukraine,

what's happening in the war between Russia on one side and Ukraine and the West on the other side.

I think if you read the newspapers in the West every day and you listen to the mainstream media in the West,

and this is certainly true in Ukraine as well, you get a picture that the Russians are in real trouble.

They're struggling in this war.

The future looks bleak for the Russians.

And in contrast to the Russian situation, the Ukrainians are actually doing quite well, especially since they've adopted drones on the battlefield

and they're waging this long -range drone campaign and one has the sense

that at least we have a stalemate here

and it may be the case that the ukrainians are turning the tide

and when negotiations eventually start the ukrainians will be in a quite favorable position

and of course we're not talking just about the ukrainians we're talking about the ukrainians

and the west

because they are something of a tag team i disagree almost

completely with this view i've long argued as many viewers know

that the russians would eventually win an ugly victory and i think

if you look at what's actually happening in the war the russians are winning the war

and the ukrainians are actually in terrible shape.

Again, I don't think you get this picture from looking at what's in the mainstream media

or listening to policymakers in the West speak.

But I think they're wrong.

I think there's a propaganda campaign at play here.

And I want to tell you a story that is at odds with this propaganda campaign.

I want to tell you how I think about the war.

And I want to first focus on the battlefield what's going on between both sides the ukrainians

and the russians on the battlefield then i want to talk about the strategic bombing campaign or the air war

that is being waged between the two sides then i want

to talk about the state of outside support for ukraine

and here we're talking basically about western support for ukraine what it looks like today

and where it might be headed then i want to talk a bit about politics

or the political situation inside of ukraine itself

and then i'll sum up by talking about where the war is today

and where i think it's headed

so let me start by first talking about the battlefield

and the key to keep in mind here is

that this is a war of attrition i don't think this is uh news to

anybody who's watching this video but i do think you want to keep in mind that this war

is a slugfest this is a case of two armies standing toe -to -toe on the battlefield field.

And in a war of attrition, what really matters more than anything else is the balance of manpower

or the balance of troops that each side has and the balance of weaponry.

And in many ways, that can be reduced to the balance of firepower.

So let me talk first about the balance of forces

or the balance of troops up on the front lines i think

that the russians at this point have a significant advantage

which is hardly surprising because the population differences between the two sides is

so great and because the troops are drawn from the population

if one side has a much bigger population you would expect

that side to have more troops up on the front lines than the other side

And I would estimate that at this point,

the Russians have a population advantage of roughly four and a half to one.

It's probably close to five to one at this point in time.

But that's really a massive advantage for the Russians.

Just think about that even

if it's just four to one a four to one advantage

in population size favoring the russians tells you they're going to

have a lot more troops up on the front line than the ukrainians are

and of course that is the case we know

that the russians have somewhere on the order of a two -to -one to three -to -one advantage in frontline troops.

And this problem for the Ukrainians is exacerbated by the fact that they have a significant problem with draft dodging,

and they have a significant problem with AWOLs.

AWOLs are people who run away from the battlefield.

They're soldiers who were sent up to the battlefield to fight, but at some point, they flee the battlefield

and we know from listening to the former Minister of Defense in Ukraine speak

that Ukraine has a huge problem with both a walls and

draft dodging

so here you have an army that's probably outnumbered probably close

to 3 to 1 in terms of number of troops that has inside it a significant AWOL and draft dodging problem.

So the balance of forces favors the Russians over the Ukrainians.

Moreover, when you talk about the balance of forces up on the front lines, you have to take into account the force to space ratio.

In other words, do the Ukrainians have enough troops up on the front lines

to thickly populate the forward edge of the battle area

or do they have a lack of troops

which produces a situation where there are gaps in the front line remember there's a 1200 kilometer front line

that has to be covered and there is an abundance of evidence coming from ukrainian sources

that the ukrainians do not have enough troops to thickly populate the front lines

and what's really saved them in this situation has been drones

drones have been something of a stopgap in other words the Ukrainians can leave holes in the front line

and then fill those lines with drones and then if the Russians do

push through a particular gap they can move reserve troops to close the gap

But this is a significant problem for the Russians.

So you see, when you look at the number of troops up on the front line,

the Russians significantly outnumber the Ukrainians,

and number two, the Ukrainians do not have enough troops to thickly populate the front lines.

Then we go to the matter of weaponry, and here we're talking about firepower.

there's no question that throughout the entire war the russians have had a significant advantage in artillery

and nothing has changed in that regard and

if anything the ukrainians are having more difficulty than ever getting artillery from the west

and that includes the united states

and one thing you want to remember about russia is

that it has a very formidable industrial base that can produce huge numbers of weapons on a monthly basis.

So there's no shortage of artillery on the Russian side, whereas there is a shortage of artillery on the Ukrainian side.

And as I'm sure most of the viewers know, throughout the course of this war, there's been talk about the Ukrainians being outnumbered in terms of artillery,

sometimes five to one sometimes seven to one

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and even sometimes ten to one furthermore

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and this cannot be underestimated the russians have a huge inventory of glide bombs

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that they have been launching at the ukrainian forces on the

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ground pretty much since the start of the war these glide

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bombs are basically smart bombs they're old -fashioned iron bombs that have a special kit put on them that allows those bombs

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to land with precision on the chosen target.

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And estimates are that the Russians have launched about 100 ,000 glide bombs against Ukrainian forces since the war started,

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and they're now averaging somewhere in the range of 200 glide bombs per day against Ukrainian forces.

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So when you think about the balance of firepower here, you have to take into account artillery and you have to take into account these glide bombs.

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And the Russians, as I said, have a significant advantage in terms of artillery.

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And in terms of glide bombs, I just pointed out what an impressive arsenal of glide bombs the Russians have.

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At the same time, the Ukrainians have hardly any glide bombs at all.

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So the Russians have an overwhelming advantage in terms of glide bombs, a significant advantage in terms of artillery.

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The only place where you have something of a balance in

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terms of firepower up on the front lines has to do with drones.

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And there's no question that both the Russians and the Ukrainians have a formidable force of drones up on the front line.

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And as I said before, these drones have played a key role in allowing the Ukrainians to compensate for the fact

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that they don't have enough troops to cover the front line.

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So drones have been a savior in a very important way for the Ukrainians.

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And I would argue that in the absence of drones, this war would have been over a long time ago.

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Because without drones, both the balance of firepower and the balance of manpower is so lopsided in Russia's favor,

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of course, that I think the Russians would have rolled up the Ukrainians a year or two ago.

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But the fact is that drones are ever -present on the front lines, and there you have a rough balance of power.

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Now, what about Russian casualties?

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You hear all these stories in the news about the astronomical Russian casualty levels on the front lines,

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and there are these stories that have appeared that say that your average

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Russian conscript will only live 20 to 30 hours when he is sent to the front lines.

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Just think about it.

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The argument is that you take a Russian conscript, you send him to the front lines,

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and he'll be dead somewhere between 20 and 30 hours after arriving at the front lines.

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John Ratcliffe, who is the head of the CIA, has actually repeated this argument.

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And this argument, of course, fuels the claim that the Russians are suffering massive casualties on a daily basis,

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and well over 100 ,000 Russians have died or been severely wounded.

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These numbers are ridiculous.

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There's no question that the Russians have suffered a few hundred thousand deaths.

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I don't deny that for one second.

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This is deadly combat for sure.

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But the idea that your average Russian recruit only lasts somewhere between 20 to 30 hours is,

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I think, it's fair to say ludicrous.

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And in fact, if you look carefully at how the Russians are waging the war,

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they are waging it in a way that is designed to minimize the number of casualties.

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This cannot be emphasized enough.

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The Russians are moving very slowly and very carefully,

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and they are privileging firepower over manpower in their assaults.

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They want to do everything they can to use firepower to

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eliminate the Ukrainian forces before they bring soldiers to bear in the fight.

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And the reason here is that the Russians are deeply interested in not seeing their fighting forces die in large numbers.

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I mean, you occasionally see reference to the fact

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that Russian commanders force their troops to engage in frontal attacks where they get mowed down by Ukrainian firepower.

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There's no evidence that this is happening.

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The Russians are not engaging in frontal attacks.

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They're moving forward in a very methodical way, depending very heavily on firepower, as I said before, to clear the way for the attacking forces.

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and doing everything they can to keep the number of casualties down

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on the other hand it's quite clear that the ukrainians are suffering significant casualties

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budanov who is the head of or was formerly the head of ukrainian intelligence has recently said

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that the ukrainians need 30 000 new troops every month

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if the ukrainians need 30 000 new troops every month this implies

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that they're losing 30 000 troops every month now some of

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those troops may have been lost by uh by desertion by the troops going a wall that's a serious possibility

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So let's say they're not losing 30 ,000 troops in terms of casualties every month.

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And when we talk about casualties here, we're not talking about people who are lightly wounded.

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We're talking about people who are killed or severely wounded and cannot come back into the fight.

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So let's assume that the Ukrainians are losing 25 ,000.

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So we're modifying Budanov's number of 30 ,000 and

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if they're losing 25 ,000 troops a month they have to

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replace those 25 ,000 25 ,000 over 12 months is 300 ,000 troops

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that would mean that Ukraine according to its own numbers is losing 300 ,000 troops a year

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that is a huge number for an army

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that is outnumbered to begin with so the point

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that i'm making to you here with regard to russian casualties

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and ukrainian casualties is that these claims about the numbers

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that the russians are losing are wildly inflated And at the same time,

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you do not want to lose sight of the number of casualties that the Ukrainians are suffering.

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And of course, this is hardly surprising when you take into account that the balance of firepower, when you look at things like artillery and glide bombs,

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greatly favors the Russians over the Ukrainians.

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Now, one other issue we want to talk about regarding what's happening on the battlefield is the fact

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that the Russians are taking territory very slowly many people look at the slow pace at

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which the Russians are capturing territory and they conclude

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that this is evidence

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that the Russians are failing to execute this war in what

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one might call a satisfactory way I have a couple points

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to make here first of all one of the reasons

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that the russians are taking territory very slowly is

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because they're moving very cautiously and they're moving very cautiously

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and very deliberately

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because they want to minimize casualties my point my previous point

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about minimizing casualties is linked to this point about the speed at

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which the russians are taking territory there's no question they're taking territory very slowly

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and they're doing that again

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because they want to minimize casualties furthermore the Russians are fighting

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on terrain where they have to go into large towns

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and cities and capture those cities and to defeat the Ukrainians in those large towns

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and in those cities is a difficult task

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and it's a time -consuming task

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and there's no way as the russians move from east to west in areas like the donbass

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that they can take towns

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and cities quickly it's just not in the cards the ukrainians are clearly fighting fiercely in those cities

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and it takes time for the russians to capture territory

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but the point we want to keep in mind here is

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that the russians are slowly but steadily capturing ukrainian territory more

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and more ukrainian territory and at the same time

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and this is very important in a war of attrition the russians are killing

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or badly wounding large numbers of ukrainians

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and making it very difficult for the ukrainians to stay in the fight

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so i think when you put all these factors together

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and you look at what's happening up on the front lines there's no question in my mind

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that the Russians are winning on the battlefield, that the Ukrainians are losing.

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And given drones, it has been difficult for the Russians to knock out the Ukrainians.

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There's no question about that.

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But at the same time, there is no question that the Ukrainians,

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given the fact that they're outnumbered in terms of troops and that they're outnumbered in terms of firepower,

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that they are destined to lose on the battlefield field.

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Now, let me switch gears and talk about the air campaign.

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And let me first just talk about the inventory of weaponry on both sides,

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and then talk about the strategies that both sides are employing

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and how those strategies are likely to affect the outcome of the war.

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First of all, Well, let me talk about the Russian inventory.

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The Russians have a huge inventory of ballistic missiles and cruise missiles that they have been using against the Ukrainians.

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Most estimates are that the Russians have launched about 6 ,000 ballistic missile and cruise missile attacks against Ukraine.

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in addition to the ballistic missiles and the cruise missiles the russians have as i said before

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these glide bombs these smart bombs that they can launch from the air

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and with pinpoint accuracy hit targets on the ground and as i said before they've launched a hundred thousand glide bombs

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in addition the russians are now getting assistance from north korean short -range ballistic missiles

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because the North Koreans are fighting side by side with the Russians and they are bringing ballistic missiles with them.

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And very importantly, the Russians have a sophisticated inventory of drones, jet -powered drones.

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The Jiran -4 and the Jiran -5 are jet -powered drones that are giving the Ukrainians fits.

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If you look at the Ukrainian media, if you look at the Kiev Independent, for example, it's quite clear

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that the Russians are having a powerful effect in terms of

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waging the air war against Ukraine with all of these new jet -powered drones

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that the Ukrainians are having a very difficult time shooting down

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and these drones are not only difficult to shoot down

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but they are also very accurate

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because they are steered to the target by ground operators by

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Russian ground operators they're not just simply pre -programmed to go after a particular target

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and then sent on their way on the contrary they're basically maneuvered to their target by ground -based operators

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and they fly at reasonably high altitudes.

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They have the ability to maneuver.

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And the Ukrainians are having a devil of a time dealing with this massive inventory of jet -powered drones

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that the Russians have.

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So when you look at what the Russians have, you see, again, a huge inventory of ballistic missiles,

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cruise missiles, glide bombs, and jet -powered drones.

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And now they have North korean ballistic missiles at their disposal as well

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if you look at what the ukrainians have as i said

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before they have virtually no glide bombs they have virtually no

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ballistic missiles of any consequence they do have some cruise missiles mainly cruise missiles

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that they've gotten from the west these are the storm shadows that they've gotten from the british

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But they have not gotten large numbers of cruise missiles.

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The number of cruise missiles

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that the Ukrainians are firing at the Russians pales in comparison to the number of cruise missiles

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that the Russians are firing at the Ukrainians.

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And there's no reason to think that's going to change anytime soon uh

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and uh in terms of drones there's no question

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that um the ukrainians have a significant drone force this is

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a situation that's analogous to the battlefield to go back to the battlefield remember what i said i thought

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that drones had been ukraine's savior on the battlefield my argument was

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that without drones uh ukraine would have lost on the battlefield

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in my opinion at least a year ago maybe two years ago drones have kept them in the fight

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and in terms of this inventory of strategic air assets

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i think drones are where the uh where the ukrainians have been by

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and large able to match the russians they don't have a

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sophisticated force of jet -powered drones that's the equivalent of what the russians have

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but nevertheless there's no question that the ukrainians have a powerful force of drones

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that they have been using but otherwise

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if you move away from drones you look at all these

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other weapons the russians have a decisive advantage in a number of cruise missiles,

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ballistic missiles, glide bombs, and so forth and so on.

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So that's the basic inventory.

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But what's more important than the inventory, or at least as important than the inventory,

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is the question of how you employ those air assets to affect the outcome of the war.

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And I think you can talk about an air campaign in two different ways.

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First, you can envision an air campaign as a punishment campaign.

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And with a punishment campaign,

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you end up killing lots of people or wrecking the other side's economy

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or damaging the other side's economy in ways

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that cause great pain for the population and you force the population to put pressure on the government to end the war.

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So the idea is that if you hit a city

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and you take out the energy network in that city and people don't have water or they don't have heating,

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people will rise up and put pressure on the government to end the war

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or the government itself will say enough is enough

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so much pain is being inflicted on our population

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so much punishment is being inflicted on our population

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that this war has to be ended that's one way you

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can think about employing air power second way you can think

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about employing air power is you tear apart military infrastructure in the rear areas of your adversary

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and you wreck the other side's economy in ways that affect its ability to wage war up on the front lines

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so you're not in this second with this second strategy you're not punishing the civilian population.

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You're not causing the civilian population to rise up against the government

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or causing the government to say enough is enough because the civilian population is being so badly hurt.

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No, the second strategy calls for doing great damage to the economy

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and to military infrastructure in ways that influences the fighting between the two sides.

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Now, I think up until recently, the Russian campaign really focused on the first strategy.

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It was really, by and large, a punishment campaign.

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And I think if you look at what Ukraine is doing, Ukraine's strategy has been and still is a punishment campaign.

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And when we talk about Ukraine's air campaign here, we're talking about its drone campaign, right?

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Basically, a punishment strategy

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and as i say i think the russians have been waging

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a punishment strategy up until recently as well punishment strategies just don't work just look at the damage that

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russia has done with its air war against ukraine over the past few years

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and there is zero evidence that it has caused ukraine to think about quitting the war

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and the same thing is true

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when you look at ukraine's drone campaign this is its long

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-range drone campaign against the russian heartland there's no way that's

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going to cause russia to quit the war punishment campaigns don't work

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and the ukrainian punishment campaign against russia is a much less potent punishment campaign than the russian campaign against ukraine

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and again the russian punishment campaign did not get Ukraine to quit

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but what's happened here what's changed in the Russian campaign the Russian strategic bombing campaign is

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that it has gone from a punishment campaign to a campaign that's designed to wreck the Ukrainian economy in ways

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that will significantly influence events on the battlefield and that bombing campaign is also now directed at influencing

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actual military events by going after targets in the rear areas of ukraine that contain military

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infrastructure now what exactly am i talking about here in recent months what russia has done it

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is that it has turned ukraine into a landlocked country the importance of this cannot be underestimated

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because Ukraine depends heavily on its Black Sea ports to export

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and import agricultural goods industrial goods

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and military wherewithal military wherewithal you want to think about that

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so what's happened here is that russia has concentrated on shutting down ports like odessa

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and other ports along the black sea these are ukrainian ports

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which is me which has made it virtually impossible for ukraine to import

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and export goods be they military or economic out of those ports.

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And this is why I said that what's happened here is Russia has turned Ukraine into a landlocked country.

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This is having devastating effects on the Ukrainian economy.

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There's no way that that could not be the case.

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And we know from back in 2022, when those ports were shut down for a number of months

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that it had then it then had devastating effects on the Ukrainian economy

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so there's no question that given

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that the Russians have shut down those black seaports turned Ukraine into a landlocked country

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that this is going to go to great lengths this will

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go to great lengths to damage severely the Ukrainian economy and this matters because the Ukrainian economy,

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a healthy or reasonably healthy Ukrainian economy, or a functioning Ukrainian economy, is essential for supporting the troops on the front line.

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On top of the damage that's being done to the Ukrainian economy, the fact is that lots of Russian,

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lots of, excuse me, lots of Ukrainian military material came in through the Black sea ports

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and that is no longer the case so weaponry precious weaponry

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that was coming in through those ukrainian ports on the black sea are no longer coming in

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and this too is having

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having an effect on the battlefield furthermore

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if you look at what the russians are doing to the transportation network inside of Russia.

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They are wrecking railroad lines.

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They are attacking locomotives.

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They're destroying gas stations in droves in eastern Ukraine.

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They're tearing apart road networks and rail lines as well.

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And the end result of this is the transportation network inside of Ukraine is being badly damaged.

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which not only hurts the economy,

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but makes it very difficult to move material from the rear areas to the front line forces.

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It's quite clear that if you look at retail warehouse storage,

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retail warehouse storage inside of Ukraine, that estimates from high -level government officials are

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that the russians have destroyed 90 percent of retail warehouse storage

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which has a significant effect on the russian economy

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and the russians up to now have either damaged or destroyed about 80 percent of ukraine's

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energy infrastructure just think about the russians up to now have destroyed about 80 percent of destroyed

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or damaged about 80 percent of ukraine's energy infrastructure a lot of

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that has been repaired i want to be clear

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but what the russians are now saying

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that they're going to do is they're going to destroy

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that energy infrastructure almost completely they're to purposely target that infrastructure

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that energy infrastructure for the purpose of with the goal in mind of destroying it

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so you can see what's happening here and that is

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that the russians are no longer engaged in a punishment campaign

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they're interested in wrecking the ukrainian economy to the point where

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it will greatly hinder ukraine's ability to support the frontline forces

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and in addition they're going after military infrastructure they're going after military targets in Ukraine's rear,

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which of course will eventually weaken Ukraine's efforts on the front lines.

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So what I am saying here is that when you look at what Russia is doing up on the front lines,

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the successes that it's having up on the battlefield, and you couple that with the change that has recently taken place

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and it the strategy it is employing in the air war it's quite clear

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that the Russians are at a significant advantage

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or have a significant advantage over the Ukrainians now just one final point on this

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and that is if you look at the Ukrainian air campaign against Russia

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which is being waged with drones there's no question that

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that is inflicting punishment on russia we want to be very clear on

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that point the ukrainian drone campaign is inflicting punishment on russia but that punishment campaign is not going to cause

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russia to surrender or to reduce its goals in this war

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if anything it's going to incentivize the russians to take more territory

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and to ramp up its own air air campaign against ukraine

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to the highest possible level so the ukrainians have no war winning strategy

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when it comes to the air war and

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when you read all these stories about how successful this drone attack or

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that drone attack by ukraine against russia is you should understand

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it's not going to influence the outcome of this war in any meaningful way

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so that concludes my discussion of the military side

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of the war i want to talk now about outside support

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for ukraine as i think everybody understands ukraine could have never

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stayed in this war without support from the west especially from the United States

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and if you think about where we are today

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and where we're headed it's quite clear

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that US support for Ukraine has been reduced significantly since the

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war started in February 2022 the United States under President Trump has made it clear

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that what the White house wants to do is reduce the american burden of supporting ukraine

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and shift that burden onto the shoulders of the europeans

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so the united states is interested in reducing its commitment to ukraine to take this further remember

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that the united states because of what's happened in the Gulf War has a significant shortage of precious munitions.

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For example, it has a significant shortage of Patriot missiles.

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The Ukrainians are desperate to get American Patriot missiles.

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They need Patriot missiles to help defend against the ballistic missiles

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and cruise missiles that the Russians are now firing at Ukraine in huge numbers.

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But the United States has no Patriot missiles

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that it can give to the Ukrainians the Ukrainians therefore have virtually no defense against the incoming ballistic

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and cruise missiles from Russia and

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that situation is not going to change anytime soon the United

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States is not in a position where it can give lots of weaponry to Ukraine

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and furthermore the United States as I said is interested in

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shifting the burden of supporting ukraine from its shoulders to the european shoulders on top of all

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that the united states has just initiated the study

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to assess what sort of troop levels the united states should maintain in europe moving forward

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and given the imperative of pivoting to asia

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and giving what's going on in the middle east it's almost certain

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that the united states is going to reduce its troop levels in europe in the not too distant future

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and this is just going to be another sign of america's reduced commitment to Ukraine.

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So you see, you have a situation here where the American commitment to Europe, I don't want to say it's been withering away,

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that's too strong, but it has been greatly reduced over time.

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It hasn't been reduced to zero, but the United States is no longer the loyal supporter of Ukraine that it once was.

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And if you look at the European countries, relations between Poland and Ukraine have badly deteriorated.

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The Poles have made it clear they will not fight in Ukraine under almost any circumstances.

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There's a lot of bad blood these days between Poland

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and Ukraine because Ukraine has been supporting or has been celebrating its history in World War II

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uh in which uh ukrainian forces massacred poles which has enraged poles

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and therefore polish ukrainian relations are terrible today and

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if you look at what's happening inside in france

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and germany it is possible that the right will win in both france

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and germany in a future election And if the right wins in one of those elections,

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it's likely that France or Germany will abandon its strong support for Ukraine,

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because the right in Germany and the right in France have made it clear

420

that they have no love lost for NATO, number one

421

and number two they think it's time to end this formidable be it german or be it french

422

commitment to ukraine so when you look at the future

423

and you think about ukraine's heavy dependence on support from the united states

424

and from the europeans you don't see a pretty picture at all

425

and then i want to talk about what's going on inside

426

of ukraine first of all there's a lot of war weariness recent polls show

427

that 66 percent of ukrainians think it's time to negotiate an

428

end to the war only 24 this is roughly one out of every four ukrainians wants to continue this war.

429

Furthermore, if you look at Zelensky's standing inside of Ukraine,

430

there's no question that he still garners significant political support.

431

It's not like the body populist wants to throw him out of office.

432

But it's quite clear that if you were to have an election today,

433

uh it is likely that two or three other ukrainians would defeat him uh

434

because he is not the most popular leader anymore in ukraine

435

there are others like budanov who i was talking about before

436

his former defense minister fedorov and his former commanding general general zeluzhny all of whom are more popular than Zelensky.

437

So Zelensky has some political problems on the home front.

438

And then the final point I'd make about what's going on regarding Ukraine's home front is

439

that Zelensky was recently forced into a position where he had to fire both the Minister of Defense,

440

this is Fedorov, who is now interested in having an election because he thinks he could beat Zelensky in an election.

441

But he was not only forced to fire Fedorov, he was forced to fire General Sirsky as well.

442

And I believe that General Sirsky was a quite successful battlefield commander.

443

I think one of the reasons, not the only reason by any means, but one of the reasons that the Ukrainians have been able to hold out against the Russians

444

over time was because of General Sirsky, who was, I think, a quite competent military commander.

445

But anyway, Zelensky has been forced to fire Siersky.

446

He was forced to fire Fedorov.

447

And when you're in the middle of a tough war

448

and you have to simultaneously fire your minister of defense and the commanding general of your armed forces,

449

that tells you that you are in serious trouble.

450

So the point that I'm making here is that if you look inside Kyiv, there's all sorts of trouble brewing.

451

And if you look at the outside support for Kyiv, there's all sorts of trouble brewing there.

452

And then when you marry that to what's happening on the battlefield and what's happening in the strategic bombing campaigns,

453

this is a very bleak picture.

454

Now, where exactly is the war today?

455

The Russians have annexed four oblasts plus Crimea.

456

They've annexed somewhere on the order of 20 -plus percent of Ukrainian territory.

457

Of course, they don't control all of that territory,

458

but i would estimate they control slightly more than 80 percent of those four oblasts they control all of crimea

459

and about 80 percent of the four oblasts that they annexed

460

and they're of course in the process of conquering all of the territory in those four oblasts

461

so if the war ended today

462

ukraine would have lost about 20 of its territory not only has ukraine lost all this territory

463

but there's virtually no chance it's going to become a member

464

of nato first of all nato is a badly damaged institution

465

as a result of this war serious damage has been done to nato because of the Ukraine war,

466

and you see this very clearly in America's interest in reducing its presence in Europe,

467

reducing its influence in NATO, and basically letting the Europeans play a much larger role in terms of running the alliance.

468

So I think the alliance is in trouble.

469

But furthermore, there's no way you're going to get a European consensus to bring Ukraine into NATO.

470

And furthermore, given the state of Ukraine, given the damage that's been done to Ukraine, Ukraine will be in no position to enter NATO,

471

or the EU for that matter.

472

So again, you end the war today.

473

Russia controls a huge slice of Ukrainian territory in the east.

474

And furthermore, it has succeeded in preventing Ukraine from joining NATO.

475

finally huge destruction has been done to ukraine estimates are

476

that it'll take 600 billion dollars just think about

477

that 600 billion dollars to repair all the damage

478

that has been done to ukraine

479

and this doesn't take out take into account the demographic consequences all the people who have fled ukraine

480

and will never come back all the ukrainians who have died

481

before this war started it was commonplace for people to talk about ukraine being in a demographic death spiral

482

if anything that situation has only been exacerbated

483

so in terms of where we are today in the war were

484

that war to end today i think it's quite clear that ukraine is in a disastrous situation.

485

And I think there is no chance that Ukraine can reverse this situation.

486

Anybody who believes that Ukraine can recapture territory that it lost,

487

that it can wage a strategic bombing campaign

488

that can bring the Russians to their knees and get them to negotiate an agreement,

489

get the russians to negotiate an agreement that is favorable to ukraine

490

and reverses much of the damage

491

that has been done is living in a dream world this is just not going to happen the best

492

that the ukrainians can hope for at this point in time is freezing the status quo

493

and as i say

494

if you freeze the status quo this is a disastrous outcome

495

for ukraine it's a dysfunctional rump state it's lost at least

496

20 of its territory it's suffered enormous physical destruction large numbers

497

of people have left the country huge numbers of people have died this is a disaster

498

but the real problem is that this war is not over with

499

that the russians are on the march i do not deny for one second

500

that the russians are moving slowly but

501

when you look at the strategic bombing campaign

502

and the damage that's being done to ukraine

503

and you take into account the fact

504

that russia is capturing territory on the front lines

505

and it is killing more and more ukrainians again you want to remember

506

that general budanov says that ukraine needs 30 000 new men each month you understand

507

that as bleak as the situation is now.

508

It only gets worse with the passage of time.

509

So when all is said and done, I would strongly encourage people not to believe what they read

510

in the mainstream media about how well Ukraine is doing in this war and how poorly Russia is doing.

511

Because I think, if anything, Exactly the opposite is happening.

512

Thank you very much for listening to this video.

513

And I look forward to our next episode together.

514

Thank you.

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FOR YOU

이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Why Ukraine Is Doomed”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: russian, ukrainian, ukraine, drone, campaign. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 514개와 단어 6552개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 51:04입니다. 화자는 분당 약 128단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 단어의 82%가 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속합니다. 나머지는 연습 전에 미리 확인해 두세요.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
drone 명사	/dɹoʊn/	숫벌, 수벌
missile 명사	/ˈmɪs.aɪl/	탄환
battlefield 명사	/ˈbætəlˌfiːld/	전장, 싸움터
punishment 명사	/ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/	처벌, 벌
cruise 명사	/kɹuz/	순항, 크루즈
inventory 명사	/ˈɪn.vən.tɹi/	재고
infrastructure 명사	/ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/	기반시설, 기간시설
wage 명사	/weɪd͡ʒ/	임금, 급료
artillery 명사	/ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/	포병대
furthermore 부사	/ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/	또한
badly 부사	/ˈbæd.li/	나쁘게, 서투르게
capture 동사	/ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/	포획하다
wreck 명사	/ˈɹɛk/	충돌
employ 동사	/ɪmˈplɔɪ/	고용하다
shortage 명사	/ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/	부족, 흠손

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
come back 동사	돌아오다
point out 동사	가리키다

따라 말해 볼 만한 문장

영상에 나오는 짧고 완결된 문장으로, 일상 대화에서 그대로 쓸 수 있습니다:

I think there's a propaganda campaign at play here.
I don't deny that for one second.
I think, it's fair to say ludicrous.

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작	have been launching · have been using · have been waging
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	they've adopted · has been · have had
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	being waged · might be headed · can be reduced
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보	people who run · people who are · poles which has

주의할 발음

화자는 they're, don't, we're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 70번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, nevertheless /ˌnɛvɚðəˈlɛs/, thickly /ˈθɪkli/, wherewithal /ˈwɛɚ.wɪ.ðɔl/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/, casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, capture /ˈkæp.(t)ʃɚ/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/, negotiate /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: casualty /ˈkæʒu.əlti/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, artillery /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: battlefield /ˈbætəlˌfiːld/, infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃə/, furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/, formidable /ˈfɔɹmɪdəbəl/, carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: inventory /ˈɪn.vən.tɹi/, virtually /ˈvɚ.t͡ʃə.wə.li/, civilian /sɪˈvɪl.jən/, viewer /ˈvju.ɚ/, savior /ˈseɪvjɚ/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: cruise /kɹuz/, minimize /ˈmɪn.ɪˌmaɪz/, freeze /ˈfɹiːz/, reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/, disastrous /dɪˈzæs.tɹəs/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, drone, missile, battlefield 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →

쉐도잉 연습: Why Ukraine Is Doomed | Episode 6 - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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