쉐도잉 연습: Why nobody stopped the Rwandan genocide - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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We're on our way to a local hospital in Kigali in 1994.

In the cars are around 90

Belgian paratroopers and a handful of foreign journalists.

Further up the road, they can see men armed with machetes in front of them.

They let them pass.

A moment later, they reach the hospital hospital.

As they approach, people start running out towards them with their hands raised.

They explain to the soldiers that the men with machetes have surrounded them, and that some of them have been murdered.

The people hiding in the hospital are Tutsis, an ethnic minority in Rwanda.

The people outside are Hutus, the ethnic majority.

For decades, the Tutsis have been persecuted in Rwanda.

And when the Hutu president was killed a few days ago, Hutu extremists put the blame on the Tutsis.

The massacre sparked by the death of Rwanda's president, Juvenal Habya Ramana, a Hutu in a suspicious plane crash.

Now, the president's successor, Zhang Kambanda, wants to purge Kigali of Tutsis.

And he's already begun.

The Tutsis here, though, have been saved.

They've been hiding here for three days.

And now, finally, it's over.

But the soldiers aren't here to help any Rwandans.

Instead, they walk past the crowd and bring out the Westerners also hiding at the hospital and then they leave.

As the soldiers and journalists reach their trucks, they hear gunfire from behind them.

The Hutus from outside have started killing the people at the hospital.

The Rwandan genocide has begun.

For the past few days, Hutu extremists have been searching homes, workplaces and schools in Kigali for Tutsis to execute,

for no other reason than them being Tutsi.

Already, more than 20 ,000 Rwandans have been killed.

And now, the extremist Hutu leaders have started the next phase of their plan, to spread the killing across all of Rwanda.

Through radio broadcasts and local newspapers, they tell Hutus that the Tutsis are foreign invaders who want to turn them into slaves.

Their propaganda reminds them that the Tutsis had once ruled them for centuries and had viewed Hutus as an inferior people.

The propaganda works.

Hutu civilians from villages across Rwanda start joining local militias by the thousands.

Afraid of being seen as protecting Tutsis, families even begin pointing out their neighbours to the killers.

The punishment for sheltering Tutsis, men, women or children, is death.

Some Hutu extremists have even started referring to Tutsi survivors as those not yet finished off.

in northern Rwanda Tutsi rebels have started to push back

but progress is slow as they move down

they find evidence of massacres of entire families in village after

village in the first two weeks of the genocide more than

100 ,000 Rwandans are killed by the end of the first month that number is closer to 300 ,000.

But despite getting daily reports on the thousands of massacres happening across the country each day,

the UN Security Council has decided to implement a non -intervention policy.

We're going to go now to Mogadishu, Somalia, where there is a news story unfolding of a very different kind,

a US soldier apparently taken prisoner or hostage.

Six months ago, during a On a mission in Somalia, 18 American soldiers were on patrol in Mogadishu when they were killed by Somalian rebels.

Pictures of their bodies being dragged through the streets ran for days on American TV.

Another disaster in Africa could make it seem like

President Clinton's out of his depth on his foreign policy.

And so, the US, along with the rest of the UN Security Council, votes to withdraw 90 % of its peacekeeping force in Rwanda.

The few hundred peacekeepers still left will need to defend thousands of refugees hiding at the safe havens in Kigali.

Some posts have a dozen soldiers, others have as little as two.

Most of them are unarmed.

If the Hutus that now control most of Rwanda should decide to attack one of their shelters, the peacekeepers would be defenceless.

Comment on that or a view as to whether or not what is happening could be genocide.

Well, as I think you know, the use of the term genocide has a very precise legal meaning, although it's not strictly a legal determination.

There are other factors in there as well.

when in looking at a situation to make a determination about that before we begin to use that term,

we have to know as much as possible about the facts of the situation.

Six weeks into the genocide, with more than half a million Tutsis dead, the US refuses to acknowledge it.

Doing so would oblige them, along with all other UN members, to prevent it, according to the 1948 Genocide Convention.

Instead, the US administration introduces

Presidential Decision Directive 25,

a policy that makes it even harder for the US to support UN missions that don't serve vital national interests.

The question of our security in this era still ultimately depends

upon our decisions about where to bring our military power to bear.

The end of the superpower standoff lifted the lid from a cauldron of long -simmering hatreds.

Now the entire global terrain is bloody with such conflicts from Rwanda to Georgia.

Whether we get involved in any of the world's ethnic conflicts

in the end must depend on the cumulative weight of the American interests at stake.

Rwanda is of no interest to America.

It is, in every sense, a conflict with no strategic value.

Only after the Tutsi rebels take most of eastern Rwanda, and after weeks of daily reports from journalists, aid workers and the Red Cross,

does it become impossible for the UN Security Council to ignore the genocide.

In the middle of May, it authorises an expanded mission of 5 ,500 peacekeepers.

But the decision comes without troops, equipment or transport ready to deploy.

And when a US advisor suggests jamming the extremist radio broadcasts,

a lawyer in the Pentagon argues that it would violate the US constitutional principle of freedom of speech.

The only real effort to stop the killing comes from inside Rwanda.

Here, UN commander Romeo Dallaire has managed to keep thousands of Tutsi civilians alive with the few peacekeepers he has left.

Among them is Captain Mbaye.

On his own and with his jeep, he drives through the streets of Kigali to pick up Tutsi refugees still hiding in the city.

Like many of his peacekeeping colleagues, Mbaye is unarmed.

So to get past the many Hutu roadblocks in the city, he manages to talk his way through on charisma alone.

In late May, on his way back from delivering messages from the Rwandan UN headquarters,

Mbaye drives through a junction in central Kigali when a mortar shell lands beside the jeep.

He's killed instantly.

During the genocide, Mbaye and the rest of the UN peacekeepers are credited with saving an estimated 30 ,000 Rwandans.

Around the middle of July, the Tutsi rebels managed to take Kigali.

The Rwandan genocide is over.

For the hundred days it lasted, more than 800 ,000 people were killed.

Not once were the peacekeepers given the manpower, equipment or political backing they needed to protect the people in Rwanda.

In the following years, world leaders who stood by and watched as the genocide happened come to Rwanda.

in march of 1998 four years after the genocide president clinton

too flies into kigali for the first time in his presidency during his stay in

which he never leaves the airport he meets with survivors

and officials and addresses the rwandan people and

so i say to you though the road is hard

and uncertain and there are many difficulties ahead there are things we can do

and if we set about the business of doing them together you can't overcome the awful burden that you have endured.

Thank you and God bless you.

100

In his speech of more than 2 ,000 words, he acknowledges that the US failed to respond,

101

but never offers an apology. And then he leaves.

102

In his memoir, President Clinton would call the failure of intervening in the Rwandan genocide one of the greatest regrets of his presidency.

103

similar expressions of regret would appear in several of the memoirs

104

and biographies released by other world leaders in the years following the end of their careers

105

but i would like to ask you about your feelings

106

you're in your heart in your soul not in your brain

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when you see the piles of corpses

108

you know strewn throughout rwanda coming down the rivers in the lakes how do you respond to

109

that on an emotional level i will try not to be emotional let us recognize

110

that it is a failure it is a failure not only for the united nations

111

but it is a failure for the international community

112

and all of us are responsible of this failure it is a genocide

113

which has been committed unfortunately let us say with great humility

114

i failed it is a scandal i'm the first one to say it and i'm ready to repeat it

115

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Why nobody stopped the Rwandan genocide”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: Tutsi, rwanda, Hutu, genocide, rwandan. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 115개와 단어 1501개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 12:02입니다. 화자는 분당 약 125단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 79%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어	발음	뜻
genocide 명사	/ˈd͡ʒɛnəsaɪd/	대량학살, 집단학살
rebel 명사	/ˈɹɛb.əl/	반역자
journalist 명사	/ˈd͡ʒɝnəlɪst/	기자, 저널리스트
ethnic 형용사	/ˈɛθ.nɪk/	민족(民族)의
massacre 명사	/ˈmæs.ə.kə(ɹ)/	학살, 대학살
broadcast 명사	/ˈbɹɔːd(ˌ)kɑːst/	방송
regret 동사	/ɹɪˈɡɹɛt/	후회하다
shelter 명사	/ˈʃɛltə/	피난처, 대피소
leaf 명사	/lif/	잎
depend 동사	/dɪˈpɛnd/	의존하다, ...에 달려 있다
acknowledge 동사	/əkˈnɑ.lɪd͡ʒ/	승인하다, 인정하다
survivor 명사	/sɚˈvaɪvɚ/	생존자
ignore 동사	/ɪɡˈnɔː/	무시하다
defend 동사	/dɪˈfɪnd/	방어하다
killer 명사	/ˈkɪlɚ/	살인자

영상에 나오는 구동사

단어	뜻
come down 동사	내려오다
pick up 동사	줍다
point out 동사	가리키다

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형	영상 속 표현
현재완료진행 have/has been + -ing — 전에 시작해 지금도 계속되는 동작	They've been hiding · have been searching
현재완료 have/has + 과거분사 — 과거의 일이 지금도 관련이 있을 때	have surrounded · have been persecuted · have been saved
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점	have been murdered · have been persecuted · was killed

주의할 발음

화자는 I'm, we're, aren't 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 9번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

“th” 소리: ethnic /ˈɛθ.nɪk/, withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɔ/
“sh”와 “zh” 소리: shelter /ˈʃɛltə/, determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃən/, shell /ʃɛl/, punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/, constitutional /ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃ(ə)n.(ə)l/
긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃən/, presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/, minority /maɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/, constitutional /ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃ(ə)n.(ə)l/, difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

/f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: leaf /lif/, defend /dɪˈfɪnd/, awful /ˈɔːfʊl/, refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/, refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/
/v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: civilians /sɪˈvɪl.jənz/, survivor /sɚˈvaɪvɚ/, vital /ˈvaɪtəl/, slave /sleɪv/, overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/
/z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/, civilians /sɪˈvɪl.jənz/, disaster /dɪˈzɑːs.təː/, refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/, headquarters /ˈhɛdˌk(w)ɔɹ.tɚz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, genocide, rebel, journalist 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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쉐도잉 연습: Why nobody stopped the Rwandan genocide - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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