Практика Shadowing: Why food is getting more expensive for everyone - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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Have you noticed that the price of your groceries has gone up?

Bread, milk, cheese, eggs are all more expensive, and it's something we're seeing throughout most of the globe.

So what is behind the price increase?

The United Nations Food Price Index tracks the monthly change in the price of a basket of food items.

The five commodities making up this basket are cereals, vegetable oils, sugar, meats and dairy products.

In March of 2022, the index recorded the highest price levels in its three -decade history.

It has since come off that high slightly, but is still well above levels seen in previous years.

The UN body's chief economist warned prices won't be going back to normal anytime soon.

They will continue increasing because we will not have the regular planting season for these two countries

and that could have a significant effect in the world.

The two countries he's referring to here are, unsurprisingly, Russia and Ukraine.

Russia's unprovoked invasion of Ukraine and rising energy prices are the two main reasons why food is getting more costly.

But why is food price inflation so widespread?

Let's take a closer look.

Prices are really complicated.

They're shaped by all sorts of things.

We've had the Ukraine crisis, which has really thrown the world's food system into disarray in some respects.

Ukraine is one of the bread baskets of Europe.

It's where we produce lots of our crops.

Many of those crops have been unable to leave the country.

And farmers right now in Ukraine are meant to be planting the next season's crops, and they haven't been able to.

So we can expect these issues to continue as well.

Ukraine is known for its fertile soils.

It is a top exporter of sunflower oil, corn and grains.

Ukraine and Russia combined produce more than a quarter of the global wheat supply.

So you can understand how disruptions in these markets can cause massive shocks to our global food supply.

For sure it is becoming a global problem.

We are talking of around 50 countries

that have more than 30 % of their imports dependent from Russian Federation

and Ukraine and of those 20 countries have 50 % of their exports depending on Ukraine.

For instance, look at some of the countries that are highly dependent on Russia and Ukraine for wheat imports.

Eritrea, Armenia, Mongolia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Somalia get more than 90 % of their wheat imports from the two countries alone.

Distressingly, there's a growing number of analysts, academics and policy makers saying that

Russia is intentionally weaponizing food supplies as a part of Vladimir Putin's war strategy.

The fear is that much of the developing world will starve as a result.

As if that weren't enough to contend with, energy prices were already high before the war.

The conflict has only made things worse.

And that has trickled down to your food bill.

We've seen rising gas prices, and that's increased the cost of fertilizers.

And many farmers are reliant on these fertilizers, these industrially produced fertilizers, which rely on natural gas for their manufacture.

So that's edged food prices up.

Natural gas, which is used as a raw material and fuel for making nitrogen fertilizers, accounts for about 80 % of the production cost.

With natural gas prices in Europe soaring almost 300 % over the last 12 months, the cost of fertilizers has naturally gone up too.

Major producers such as China and Russia have also put export bans in place to protect their domestic markets.

This is adding to the upheaval, affecting the type of crops being planted and the planting season.

Some crops like wheat, rice and corn, for example, are highly reliant on fertilizers.

In addition, the demand for alternatives to fossil fuels has led to the growth of biofuels, such as vegetable oils like palm and rapeseed oil.

As more farmers grow these cash crops, this drives up the prices for other crops competing for a limited amount of land.

And with inflation going through the roof, some governments have started to impose restrictions on the exports of their energy crops too.

Towards the end of April, Indonesia, the world's largest exporter of vegetable oil, imposed a three -week ban on the international sales of its palm oil.

Meanwhile, India also decided to ban exports of wheat, which, you may remember, is a fertilizer -intensive crop.

Europe's trade chief says these decisions only make the situation worse.

Countries are starting to take export restrictive measures and we think

that this is a tendency which can actually only aggravate the problem.

Financial services company Nomura warned that several major economies will fall into a recession next year.

You could see recessions in certain countries more likely than others.

For example, Europe.

Europe spends a lot more money on food and fuel relative to GDP than for example the US or the UK.

So it could be that that has a more direct and larger impact on people's ability to spend.

Expand a little bit on that point.

Let's step back and explain why this increase in food prices is a problem.

So it's a problem because it limits the amount of disposable income that people have to spend on other items.

And if you think about the people who are affected the most,

it tends to be the poor because they have a much greater spend on those items relative to their total spending.

So it could be really constraining for those households in particular, but for the economy as a whole.

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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку

Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Why food is getting more expensive for everyone». Чаще всего повторяются слова: price, Ukraine, crop, countries, fertilizer. В этом видео 49 предложений и 922 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 5:52. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 157 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. Только 80% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.

Ключевая лексика этого видео

15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:

Слово	Произношение	Значение
crop существительное	/kɹɑp/	посе́в, сельскохозя́йственная культу́ра
export существительное	/ˈɛks.pɔɹt/	э́кспорт, вы́воз
wheat существительное	/ˈwiːt/	пшени́ца
farmer существительное	/ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/	крестья́нин, фе́рмер
import существительное	/ˈɪm.pɔɹt/	и́мпорт
basket существительное	/ˈbæskɪt/	корзи́на, луко́шко
vegetable существительное	/ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/	о́вощ
relative существительное	/ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/	ро́дственник, ро́дственница
dependent прилагательное	/dɪˈpɛndənt/	зави́симый, подчинённый
palm существительное	/pɑm/	ладо́нь, до́лонь
corn существительное	/ˈkɔːn/	зерно́
inflation существительное	/ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/	инфля́ция
warn глагол	/woɹn/	предупрежда́ть, предупреди́ть
recession существительное	/ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/	спад, реце́ссия
meanwhile наречие	/ˈmiːnwaɪl/	в э́то вре́мя, в то́ же вре́мя

Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите

Слово	Произношение	Значение
go up глагол		поднима́ться, подня́ться
come off глагол		отвалиться, отсоединиться
make up глагол	/ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/	составля́ть, соста́вить

Грамматика в этом видео

Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:

Конструкция	В видео
Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас	Have you noticed · We've had · have been
Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает	are meant · is known · being planted
Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете	crisis, which has · gas, which is · tendency which can

Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание

Говорящий использует 7 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например we've, haven't, they're. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.

Звуки «sh» и «zh»: inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/, recession /ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/, shock /ʃɔk/, invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/, intentionally /ɪnˈtɛn(t)ʃənəli/
Длинные слова — следите за ударением: naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə.)ɹə.li/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, economist /iˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/, commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/, intentionally /ɪnˈtɛn(t)ʃənəli/

Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:

/w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: wheat /ˈwiːt/, warn /woɹn/, meanwhile /ˈmiːnwaɪl/, widespread /ˌwaɪdˈspɹɛd/, weaponize /ˈwɛpənaɪz/
/h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/, upheaval /ʌpˈhiːvəl/
Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, complicated /ˈkɑm.plɪˌkeɪ.tɪd/, household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/, egg /ɛɡ/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/

Как заниматься с этим видео

Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как crop, export, wheat.

Что такое техника Shadowing?

Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.

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Практика Shadowing: Why food is getting more expensive for everyone - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео

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