Практика Shadowing: What makes art so expensive? | CNBC Explains - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
Создание урока...
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How do you put a dollar value on a piece of art like this?
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Or this? Or this?
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It’s a billion-dollar question.
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Well, more than that actually.
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It's estimated around $50 billion in art was sold worldwide last year.
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Compared to stocks or commodities it’s hard to measure how much art is worth.
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Why? For many the value of art lies in the eye of the beholder.
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Meaning one piece of art could be worth a lot to one person and nothing to someone else.
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You can get a sense of the ranging valuations of art in just one gallery.
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From one piece costing in the thousands of dollars.
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All the way to a Picasso in the millions.
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What makes a Picasso worth millions?
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One reason is simple economics: Supply and demand.
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Wealthy art buyers, whether they’re Picasso enthusiasts or investors looking for a place to store their money, all want to get their hands on a Picasso. But there are only so many Picassos left in the world.
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The supply shortage drives up prices as buyers outbid each other.
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So sales in the high-end art market come from a select group of in-demand artists whose work, like Picasso’s, is considered scarce.
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The most expensive pieces of art sold across sectors last year were from artists who are no longer alive.
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Even in contemporary art, 25 artists accounted for nearly half of public art auction sales in the first six months of 2017.
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Put another way, the art market is like the professional golf market.
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A handful of professional golfers make a lot of money, millions of dollars, when they win.
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But there are many more golfers in the field who earn just a fraction of those winnings.
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The price for a piece of art isn’t just about the artist’s reputation.
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There are other factors at play, like the art’s size and genre, its condition, the prices of similar pieces and where the work has been exhibited.
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Art Fairs, like Frieze here in London, are an important venue for new buyers and they're likely to stay that way.
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Sales at art fairs hit an estimated $13 billion in 2016, an increase of 57% since 2010.
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But half of art dealers in one survey said the costs associated with exhibiting at art fairs are a top business concern.
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This piece sold for around $20,000 and that’s considered a good value.
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Even new buyers willing to spend thousands of dollars can be put off by the idea that they need to spend millions to be part of an exclusive club of art collectors.
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It’s the million dollar buyers generating headline after headline of record sales in the art industry.
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The top end of the art market is dominated by a select group of players who are pretty private about their business.
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Which can make it tricky to value how much they’re actually spending on art.
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More and more art sales are conducted in private which attracts high net worth investors.
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These wealthy buyers are also lured by tax breaks for art donations or the prospect of making big returns on a piece of art.
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Galleries, dealers and auction houses can be tempted to cater to high-end clients who pay millions of dollars for art, and who keep coming back, instead of to the average Joe.
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You can see this trend in a chart showing the value of art sales, the total dollar amount, versus the volume of sales, the number of transactions, in global fine art auctions last year.
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Art that sold for more than $1 million accounted for nearly half of the market’s value in less than 1% of transactions.
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China has been driving a lot of the growth in high-end art sales since the financial crisis as it mints new millionaires and billionaires looking for places to invest their money.
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China ranks third in global art sales after the U.K. and the U.S., and those three countries combined make up 81% of global sales by value.
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Just because some art costs millions doesn’t mean you have to pay that much.
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A worthwhile investment can be art that you like for just a couple of bucks.
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Hey guys, it's Elizabeth. Thanks so much for watching.
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Check out more of our videos over here.
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We're also taking your suggestions for future CNBC Explains so leave your ideas in the comments section.
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And while you're at it, subscribe to our channel.
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See you!
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики уровня B2 построен на видео «What makes art so expensive?». Чаще всего повторяются слова: sales, dollar, piece, value, buyers. В этом видео 45 предложений и 736 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 4:26. Говорящий говорит в естественном темпе, около 166 слов в минуту, близком к повседневной речи. 85% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка; остальные стоит разобрать перед занятием.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
Самые сложные слова из видео (15), с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| buyer существительное | /ˈbaɪ.əɹ/ | покупа́тель, покупа́тельница |
| golfer существительное | /ˈɡɒlfə(ɹ)/ | игро́к в гольф |
| investor существительное | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | инве́стор, вкла́дчик |
| headline существительное | /ˈhɛd.laɪn/ | заголо́вок, загла́вие |
| dealer существительное | /ˈdiːlə(ɹ)/ | ди́лер, торго́вец |
| beholder существительное | /bɪˈhoʊldɚ/ | зри́тель, очеви́дец |
| enthusiast существительное | /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/ | энтузиа́ст |
| cater глагол | /ˈkeɪɾɚ/ | обслу́живать, обеспе́чивать |
| scarce прилагательное | /ˈskɛɚs/ | недоста́точный, ску́дный |
| lure существительное | /lʊə/ | прима́нка, блесна́ |
| millionaire существительное | /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/ | миллионе́р, миллионе́рша |
| worthwhile прилагательное | /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/ | сто́ящий |
| billionaire существительное | /ˌbɪl.jəˈnɛɚ/ | миллиарде́р, миллиарде́рша |
| commodity существительное | /kəˈmɑdəti/ | това́р, проду́кт |
| dominate глагол | /ˈdɑ.məˌneɪt/ | госпо́дствовать, преоблада́ть |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| check out глагол | проверя́ть, прове́рить |
| come back глагол | возвраща́ться, возврати́ться |
| put off глагол | откла́дывать, отложи́ть |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 7 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например they're, doesn't, isn't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «th»: enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: valuation /ˌvæ.ljuːˈeɪ.ʃən/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, donation /doʊˈneɪʃən/, genre /ˈ(d)ʒɑnɹə/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/, millionaire /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/, valuation /ˌvæ.ljuːˈeɪ.ʃən/, commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: headline /ˈhɛd.laɪn/, beholder /bɪˈhoʊldɚ/, handful /ˈhæn(d)fʊl/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: outbid /aʊtˈbɪd/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Начните со скорости 0,75×, повторяйте предложение за предложением и вернитесь к обычной скорости, когда станет легко.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как buyer, golfer, investor.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.