Pratique du Shadowing: What makes art so expensive? | CNBC Explains - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo

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How do you put a dollar value on a piece of art like this?
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Or this? Or this?
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It’s a billion-dollar question.
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Well, more than that actually.
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It's estimated around $50 billion in art was sold worldwide last year.
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Compared to stocks or commodities it’s hard to measure how much art is worth.
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Why? For many the value of art lies in the eye of the beholder.
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Meaning one piece of art could be worth a lot to one person and nothing to someone else.
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You can get a sense of the ranging valuations of art in just one gallery.
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From one piece costing in the thousands of dollars.
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All the way to a Picasso in the millions.
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What makes a Picasso worth millions?
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One reason is simple economics: Supply and demand.
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Wealthy art buyers, whether they’re Picasso enthusiasts or investors looking for a place to store their money, all want to get their hands on a Picasso. But there are only so many Picassos left in the world.
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The supply shortage drives up prices as buyers outbid each other.
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So sales in the high-end art market come from a select group of in-demand artists whose work, like Picasso’s, is considered scarce.
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The most expensive pieces of art sold across sectors last year were from artists who are no longer alive.
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Even in contemporary art, 25 artists accounted for nearly half of public art auction sales in the first six months of 2017.
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Put another way, the art market is like the professional golf market.
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A handful of professional golfers make a lot of money, millions of dollars, when they win.
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But there are many more golfers in the field who earn just a fraction of those winnings.
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The price for a piece of art isn’t just about the artist’s reputation.
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There are other factors at play, like the art’s size and genre, its condition, the prices of similar pieces and where the work has been exhibited.
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Art Fairs, like Frieze here in London, are an important venue for new buyers and they're likely to stay that way.
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Sales at art fairs hit an estimated $13 billion in 2016, an increase of 57% since 2010.
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But half of art dealers in one survey said the costs associated with exhibiting at art fairs are a top business concern.
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This piece sold for around $20,000 and that’s considered a good value.
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Even new buyers willing to spend thousands of dollars can be put off by the idea that they need to spend millions to be part of an exclusive club of art collectors.
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It’s the million dollar buyers generating headline after headline of record sales in the art industry.
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The top end of the art market is dominated by a select group of players who are pretty private about their business.
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Which can make it tricky to value how much they’re actually spending on art.
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More and more art sales are conducted in private which attracts high net worth investors.
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These wealthy buyers are also lured by tax breaks for art donations or the prospect of making big returns on a piece of art.
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Galleries, dealers and auction houses can be tempted to cater to high-end clients who pay millions of dollars for art, and who keep coming back, instead of to the average Joe.
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You can see this trend in a chart showing the value of art sales, the total dollar amount, versus the volume of sales, the number of transactions, in global fine art auctions last year.
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Art that sold for more than $1 million accounted for nearly half of the market’s value in less than 1% of transactions.
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China has been driving a lot of the growth in high-end art sales since the financial crisis as it mints new millionaires and billionaires looking for places to invest their money.
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China ranks third in global art sales after the U.K. and the U.S., and those three countries combined make up 81% of global sales by value.
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Just because some art costs millions doesn’t mean you have to pay that much.
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A worthwhile investment can be art that you like for just a couple of bucks.
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Hey guys, it's Elizabeth. Thanks so much for watching.
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Check out more of our videos over here.
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We're also taking your suggestions for future CNBC Explains so leave your ideas in the comments section.
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And while you're at it, subscribe to our channel.
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See you!

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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon

Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « What makes art so expensive? ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : sales, dollar, piece, value, buyers. Cette vidéo contient 45 phrases et 736 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 4:26. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 166 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. 85 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais ; le reste mérite d’être vu avant de commencer.

Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo

Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :

MotPrononciationSens
buyer nom/ˈbaɪ.əɹ/acheteur, acheteuse
golfer nom/ˈɡɒlfə(ɹ)/golfeur, golfeuse
investor nom/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/investisseur, investisseuse
headline nom/ˈhɛd.laɪn/titre, manchette
exhibit verbe/ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/exposer
dealer nom/ˈdiːlə(ɹ)/concessionnaire
beholder nom/bɪˈhoʊldɚ/regardeur, observateur
enthusiast nom/ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/passionné, amateur
outbid verbe/aʊtˈbɪd/surenchérir
cater verbe/ˈkeɪɾɚ/faire traiteur
scarce adjectif/ˈskɛɚs/rare
lure nom/lʊə/attrait, leurre
millionaire nom/ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/millionnaire
worthwhile adjectif/ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/de valeur, qui en vaut la peine
billionaire nom/ˌbɪl.jəˈnɛɚ/milliardaire

Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez

MotSens
check out verbemater, regarder
come back verberevenir
put off verbeajourner

Prononciation à surveiller

Le locuteur utilise 7 contractions et formes réduites, comme they're, doesn't, isn't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.

  • Les sons « th »: enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
  • Les sons « sh » et « zh »: valuation /ˌvæ.ljuːˈeɪ.ʃən/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, donation /doʊˈneɪʃən/, genre /ˈ(d)ʒɑnɹə/
  • Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/, millionaire /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/, valuation /ˌvæ.ljuːˈeɪ.ʃən/, commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/

Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :

  • /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: headline /ˈhɛd.laɪn/, beholder /bɪˈhoʊldɚ/, handful /ˈhæn(d)fʊl/
  • /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: buyer /ˈbaɪ.əɹ/, golfer /ˈɡɒlfə(ɹ)/, investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/, dealer /ˈdiːlə(ɹ)/, millionaire /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/

Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo

  1. Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
  2. Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
  3. Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme buyer, golfer, investor.

Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?

Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.

Technique du shadowing : lire le guide complet étape par étape →