Pratique du Shadowing: Why Steinway Grand Pianos Are So Expensive | So Expensive - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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90 phrases
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It takes about 11 months to craft just one Steinway & Sons grand piano.
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And these instruments don't come cheap.
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A Model D concert piano in ebony, the most affordable finish of any Steinway piano, will cost you about $187,000.
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But that's nowhere near how high prices can reach.
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Steinway has produced two of the most expensive pianos in the world, worth over $2 million each.
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The next most expensive piano is half the price, at $1.2 million.
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But with several other premium pianos on the market, is there something about Steinway's sound that stands out?
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And is that what makes these pianos so expensive?
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Named the Rolls Royce of pianos by the BBC, Steinway has produced some of the most sought-after grand pianos for over 160 years.
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It's the piano of choice for Billy Joel, Lang Lang, and many other professional musicians.
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But compared to other high-end piano makers, it's often Steinway's sound that sets it apart.
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As a performer, I can wear many different masks depending on the piece that I'm playing.
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There's some pieces you want to be very, very diabolical, you know, enlist.
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And at the same time, lightness.
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Creating that sound starts here in New York, at one of only two Steinway factories in the world.
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Each grand piano is 5 to 9 feet long, and weighs between 540 and 990 pounds.
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Often, the bigger the piano, the pricier it will be.
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About 85% of a Steinway piano is made of wood, and one of the most crucial woods is used for the soundboard.
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The soundboard is the life of the instrument, the soul of the instrument.
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This is Alaskan Sitka spruce.
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This is the most expensive wood that we have in the piano.
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And we actually get it from the trees primarily that are on the shady side, the north-facing side of these islands.
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So they grow very little each year, and that means that we have growth rings that are very close together, not spaced apart.
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Sitka spruce is used in other stringed instruments like guitars.
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and it grows in a few areas in the northwest US.
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But more than 50% of the Alaskan sickest spruce they source won't meet Steinway's standards.
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The wood must have a very specific grain density and direction, both which can impact the quality of sound.
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Steinway looks for closely packed, straight grains, no more than plus or minus 15 degrees off a 90-degree vertical grain.
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There's a reason it's so strict about this.
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That's partly why, when you press a key on a Steinway piano, you hear a distinctly long, sustained tone.
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The soundboard's edge must attach perfectly to the piano's rim, the curved wooden frame of the instrument.
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The full rim is made up of an inner and outer rim.
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Some piano makers attach each of these pieces separately, but at Steinway, a team of artisans bends both together.
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Steinway says this method gives the piano a stronger foundation, lowering the chances it will break.
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Steinway uses hard rock maple for both the inner and outer rims.
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The key here is to use wood that will, again, allow sound to flow freely.
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Some companies, as an example, will have hard rock maple for the outside rim, but the inside rim, to save money, they'll use something like Luan.
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Luan is not as dense and hard as hard rock maple.
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And when you have your sound waves in that soundboard, some of them are being absorbed a little bit by that luon, more than they would be by hard rock maple.
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The consistent touch of the keys is another valuable element unique to each sideway piano.
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There are just two artisans in the entire factory, trusted with weighing off all 88 keys of every keyboard.
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This ensures each key is balanced, so a pianist won't have to use more force to press one key over another.
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I used to dream about the pianos chasing me.
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Now it's not a problem.
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It's up to me.
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They the boss.
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I listen, you know, I pay attention to what it wants.
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The key to it is pay attention and watch that hammer.
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That's the key to it.
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Each key is connected to a felt hammer.
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When pressed, the hammer strikes the strings to create sound.
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A key shouldn't respond to the finger's touch too quickly or too slowly.
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So when I go to check the return, it stays.
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You see the hesitation?
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It's no good.
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That means it'll stay up in the piano.
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You see how fast that one is?
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That's too fast.
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So I take this one away.
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Then I put this one back, and it wants the small one.
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You see?
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So I put the small one.
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You see how nice it is?
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And that tells me what it wants.
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So that shows you the difference.
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Everyone is different.
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One of the most difficult jobs is the final tone inspection.
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The goal is to create a balanced tone throughout the piano by slightly adjusting the hammers as needed.
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From note to note, we can soften or harden these mallets, or hammers as we call them,
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and balance the sound that they generate into the string.
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The quality of the piano's tone is incredibly nuanced, something only an experienced ear can decipher.
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If I take this note and then soften it, In this case, I will put a needle in the hammer to soften it.
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Then you'll hear that tone change.
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It's a little bit smaller.
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And in increments, small steps, I can go through and find the notes that are too big, too bright, and step them down.
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Well, I'm 58, and I started when I was 28, so that's 30 years and counting.
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I'm still learning how to do this.
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It never stops.
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Unlike the ways you can customize a Rolls Royce car, you can do similarly with a Steinway piano.
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Depending on special editions, veneers, and wood finishes, prices for a single piece can reach $500,000,
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like these pianos designed for Steinway by Lenny Kravitz.
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In the piano vault underneath the factory, Steinway houses one of the most expensive pianos it's ever produced, worth $2.5 million.
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On average, the price of a new Steinway piano increases about 4% every year.
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This is partly because the cost of Alaskan Sitka spruce increases at a higher rate than inflation, according to Steinway.
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And while the new pieces get more expensive, old ones become more valuable too.
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A Steinway piano can last several decades with the required touch-ups and restorations.
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A 1965 Steinway Model D piano is worth over $98,000 today.
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That's more than 13 times what it likely sold for.
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And although there are several elements that greatly impact the price, it's the musician who ultimately decides what the piano is worth to them.
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Thank you.
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale de niveau B2 s’appuie sur la vidéo « Why Steinway Grand Pianos Are So Expensive ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : piano, Steinway, key, sound, rim. Cette vidéo contient 90 phrases et 1119 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 8:40. Le locuteur parle à un rythme régulier d’environ 129 mots par minute, confortable pour le shadowing. Seuls 77 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
Les 15 mots les plus avancés de la vidéo, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| hammer nom | /ˈhæmɚ/ | marteau |
| spruce nom | /spɹuːs/ | épicéa, épinette |
| maple nom | /ˈmeɪpl̩/ | érable |
| soften verbe | /ˈsɑfən/ | adoucir |
| soundboard nom | table de mixage, console de mixage | |
| grain nom | /ɡɹeɪn/ | grain |
| artisan nom | /ˈɑɹtɪzən/ | artisan, artisane |
| attach verbe | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | attacher |
| weigh verbe | /weɪ/ | peser |
| musician nom | /mjuˈzɪʃən/ | musicien, musicienne |
| depend verbe | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | dépendre |
| customize verbe | /ˈkʌs.tə.maɪ̯z/ | personnaliser |
| decipher verbe | /dɪˈsaɪfə(ɹ)/ | déchiffrer |
| enlist verbe | /ɛnˈlɪst/ | s'inscrire |
| lightness nom | /ˈlaɪtnəs/ | légèreté |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| go through verbe | traverser |
Des phrases à répéter
Des phrases courtes et complètes de la vidéo, à réutiliser dans la conversation de tous les jours :
- You see the hesitation?
- You see how fast that one is?
- You see how nice it is?
- Then you'll hear that tone change.
- I'm still learning how to do this.
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Voix passive be + participe passé — l’accent est mis sur ce qui arrive, pas sur qui le fait | is made · is used · being absorbed |
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | has produced |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 10 contractions et formes réduites, comme I'm, won't, don't. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « th »: underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, northwest /nɔɹθˈwɛst/
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: musician /mjuˈzɪʃən/, hesitation /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃən/, shady /ˈʃeɪdi/, restoration /ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/, inspection /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: diabolical [ˌdaɪəˈbɑlɪkəɫ], hesitation /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃən/, restoration /ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hammer /ˈhæmɚ/, harden /ˈhɑɹdn̩/, hesitation /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃən/
- /tʃ/ et /dʒ/ — à ne pas adoucir en « ch » et « j »: attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, adjust /əˈd͡ʒʌst/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: spruce /spɹuːs/, grain /ɡɹeɪn/, artisan /ˈɑɹtɪzən/, decipher /dɪˈsaɪfə(ɹ)/, increment /ˈɪŋkɹɪmn̩t/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Répétez phrase par phrase à vitesse normale, en reprenant chacune jusqu’à ce que votre rythme corresponde à celui du locuteur.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme hammer, spruce, maple.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.