Shadowing Practice: Why Steinway Grand Pianos Are So Expensive | So Expensive - Learn English Speaking with Video
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90 משפטים
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It takes about 11 months to craft just one Steinway & Sons grand piano.
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And these instruments don't come cheap.
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A Model D concert piano in ebony, the most affordable finish of any Steinway piano, will cost you about $187,000.
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But that's nowhere near how high prices can reach.
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Steinway has produced two of the most expensive pianos in the world, worth over $2 million each.
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The next most expensive piano is half the price, at $1.2 million.
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But with several other premium pianos on the market, is there something about Steinway's sound that stands out?
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And is that what makes these pianos so expensive?
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Named the Rolls Royce of pianos by the BBC, Steinway has produced some of the most sought-after grand pianos for over 160 years.
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It's the piano of choice for Billy Joel, Lang Lang, and many other professional musicians.
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But compared to other high-end piano makers, it's often Steinway's sound that sets it apart.
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As a performer, I can wear many different masks depending on the piece that I'm playing.
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There's some pieces you want to be very, very diabolical, you know, enlist.
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And at the same time, lightness.
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Creating that sound starts here in New York, at one of only two Steinway factories in the world.
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Each grand piano is 5 to 9 feet long, and weighs between 540 and 990 pounds.
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Often, the bigger the piano, the pricier it will be.
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About 85% of a Steinway piano is made of wood, and one of the most crucial woods is used for the soundboard.
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The soundboard is the life of the instrument, the soul of the instrument.
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This is Alaskan Sitka spruce.
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This is the most expensive wood that we have in the piano.
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And we actually get it from the trees primarily that are on the shady side, the north-facing side of these islands.
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So they grow very little each year, and that means that we have growth rings that are very close together, not spaced apart.
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Sitka spruce is used in other stringed instruments like guitars.
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and it grows in a few areas in the northwest US.
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But more than 50% of the Alaskan sickest spruce they source won't meet Steinway's standards.
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The wood must have a very specific grain density and direction, both which can impact the quality of sound.
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Steinway looks for closely packed, straight grains, no more than plus or minus 15 degrees off a 90-degree vertical grain.
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There's a reason it's so strict about this.
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That's partly why, when you press a key on a Steinway piano, you hear a distinctly long, sustained tone.
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The soundboard's edge must attach perfectly to the piano's rim, the curved wooden frame of the instrument.
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The full rim is made up of an inner and outer rim.
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Some piano makers attach each of these pieces separately, but at Steinway, a team of artisans bends both together.
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Steinway says this method gives the piano a stronger foundation, lowering the chances it will break.
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Steinway uses hard rock maple for both the inner and outer rims.
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The key here is to use wood that will, again, allow sound to flow freely.
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Some companies, as an example, will have hard rock maple for the outside rim, but the inside rim, to save money, they'll use something like Luan.
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Luan is not as dense and hard as hard rock maple.
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And when you have your sound waves in that soundboard, some of them are being absorbed a little bit by that luon, more than they would be by hard rock maple.
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The consistent touch of the keys is another valuable element unique to each sideway piano.
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There are just two artisans in the entire factory, trusted with weighing off all 88 keys of every keyboard.
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This ensures each key is balanced, so a pianist won't have to use more force to press one key over another.
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I used to dream about the pianos chasing me.
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Now it's not a problem.
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It's up to me.
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They the boss.
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I listen, you know, I pay attention to what it wants.
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The key to it is pay attention and watch that hammer.
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That's the key to it.
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Each key is connected to a felt hammer.
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When pressed, the hammer strikes the strings to create sound.
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A key shouldn't respond to the finger's touch too quickly or too slowly.
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So when I go to check the return, it stays.
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You see the hesitation?
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It's no good.
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That means it'll stay up in the piano.
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You see how fast that one is?
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That's too fast.
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So I take this one away.
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Then I put this one back, and it wants the small one.
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You see?
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So I put the small one.
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You see how nice it is?
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And that tells me what it wants.
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So that shows you the difference.
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Everyone is different.
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One of the most difficult jobs is the final tone inspection.
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The goal is to create a balanced tone throughout the piano by slightly adjusting the hammers as needed.
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From note to note, we can soften or harden these mallets, or hammers as we call them,
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and balance the sound that they generate into the string.
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The quality of the piano's tone is incredibly nuanced, something only an experienced ear can decipher.
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If I take this note and then soften it, In this case, I will put a needle in the hammer to soften it.
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Then you'll hear that tone change.
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It's a little bit smaller.
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And in increments, small steps, I can go through and find the notes that are too big, too bright, and step them down.
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Well, I'm 58, and I started when I was 28, so that's 30 years and counting.
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I'm still learning how to do this.
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It never stops.
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Unlike the ways you can customize a Rolls Royce car, you can do similarly with a Steinway piano.
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Depending on special editions, veneers, and wood finishes, prices for a single piece can reach $500,000,
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like these pianos designed for Steinway by Lenny Kravitz.
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In the piano vault underneath the factory, Steinway houses one of the most expensive pianos it's ever produced, worth $2.5 million.
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On average, the price of a new Steinway piano increases about 4% every year.
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This is partly because the cost of Alaskan Sitka spruce increases at a higher rate than inflation, according to Steinway.
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And while the new pieces get more expensive, old ones become more valuable too.
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A Steinway piano can last several decades with the required touch-ups and restorations.
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A 1965 Steinway Model D piano is worth over $98,000 today.
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That's more than 13 times what it likely sold for.
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And although there are several elements that greatly impact the price, it's the musician who ultimately decides what the piano is worth to them.
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Thank you.
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אוצר מילים והערות הגייה לשיעור הזה
שיעור הדיבור הזה ברמה B2 מבוסס על הסרטון “Why Steinway Grand Pianos Are So Expensive”. המילים שחוזרות הכי הרבה: piano, Steinway, key, sound, rim. בסרטון הזה יש 90 משפטים ו-1119 מילים לתרגול Shadowing. הדיבור נמשך 8:40. הדובר שומר על קצב יציב של כ-129 מילים בדקה, קצב נוח לתרגול Shadowing. רק 77% מהמילים נמצאות בין 3,000 המילים הנפוצות ביותר באנגלית, כך שאוצר המילים מאתגר.
אוצר מילים מרכזי בסרטון הזה
15 המילים המתקדמות ביותר בסרטון, עם ההגייה והמשמעות שלהן:
| מילה | הגייה | משמעות |
|---|---|---|
| hammer שם עצם | /ˈhæmɚ/ | פַּטִּישׁ |
| spruce שם עצם | /spɹuːs/ | אשוחית |
| maple שם עצם | /ˈmeɪpl̩/ | אדר |
| grain שם עצם | /ɡɹeɪn/ | בָּר |
| artisan שם עצם | /ˈɑɹtɪzən/ | אומן \ אָמָּן, אומנית |
| attach פועל | /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ | חיבר |
| weigh פועל | /weɪ/ | שקל |
| musician שם עצם | /mjuˈzɪʃən/ | מוּזִיקַאי |
| depend פועל | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | היה תלוי |
| decipher פועל | /dɪˈsaɪfə(ɹ)/ | פענח |
| increment שם עצם | /ˈɪŋkɹɪmn̩t/ | תוספת |
| pianist שם עצם | /ˈpi.ənɪst/ | פְּסַנְתְּרָן, פסנתרנית |
| veneer שם עצם | /vəˈnɪɹ/ | פורניר |
| absorb פועל | /æbˈsɔɹb/ | ספג |
| vault שם עצם | /vɑlt/ | כִּיפָּה |
משפטים שכדאי לחזור עליהם
משפטים קצרים ושלמים מהסרטון שאפשר להשתמש בהם בשיחה יומיומית:
- You see the hesitation?
- You see how fast that one is?
- You see how nice it is?
- Then you'll hear that tone change.
- I'm still learning how to do this.
דקדוק בסרטון הזה
המבנים שהדובר משתמש בהם הכי הרבה, עם המילים המדויקות מהסרטון:
| מבנה | בסרטון |
|---|---|
| סביל (Passive voice) be + past participle — הדגש הוא על מה שקורה, לא על מי שעושה את הפעולה | is made · is used · being absorbed |
| הווה מושלם (Present perfect) have/has + past participle — פעולה שקרתה בעבר ועדיין יש לה חשיבות או השפעה עכשיו | has produced |
הגייה ששווה לשים לב אליה
הדובר משתמש ב-10 קיצורים וצורות מקוצרות, כמו I'm, won't, don't. אמרו אותם בצורה הקצרה, כפי שאתם שומעים אותם.
- הצלילים של “th”: underneath /ˌʌndɚˈniθ/, northwest /nɔɹθˈwɛst/
- הצלילים של “sh” ו-“zh”: musician /mjuˈzɪʃən/, hesitation /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃən/, shady /ˈʃeɪdi/, restoration /ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/, inspection /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/
- מילים ארוכות — שימו לב להטעמה: diabolical [ˌdaɪəˈbɑlɪkəɫ], hesitation /ˌhɛzɪˈteɪʃən/, restoration /ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/
צלילים שדוברי עברית מתקשים בהם:
- /w/ — שפתיים מעוגלות, לא /v/: weigh /weɪ/, northwest /nɔɹθˈwɛst/
- /æ/ — פתוח יותר מה-“אֶ” העברית, לא כמו “a” ב-“cup”: hammer /ˈhæmɚ/, attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/, mallet /ˈmælɪt/, absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/
- /r/ — הלשון לא נוגעת בשום מקום, לא ה-“ר” הגרונית: spruce /spɹuːs/, grain /ɡɹeɪn/, artisan /ˈɑɹtɪzən/, decipher /dɪˈsaɪfə(ɹ)/, increment /ˈɪŋkɹɪmn̩t/
איך לתרגל עם הסרטון הזה
- הקשיבו לכל הסרטון פעם אחת בלי לדבר, ורשמו את המילים שאתם לא מכירים.
- תרגלו Shadowing משפט אחר משפט במהירות רגילה, וחזרו על כל משפט עד שהקצב שלכם תואם את הדובר.
- הקליטו את עצמכם והשוו למקור, תוך תשומת לב למילים כמו hammer, spruce, maple.
מהי טכניקת השאדואינג?
שאדואינג היא טכניקת למידת שפה מבוססת מדע שפותחה במקור להכשרת מתורגמנים מקצועיים ופופולרית על ידי הפוליגלוט ד"ר אלכסנדר ארגואלס. השיטה פשוטה אך עוצמתית: אתה מקשיב לאודיו באנגלית ילידית וחוזר עליו בקול רם מיד — כמו צל העוקב אחרי הדובר עם עיכוב של 1–2 שניות בלבד. בניגוד להאזנה פסיבית או תרגילי דקדוק, שאדואינג מכריח את המוח והשרירים בפה לעבד ולשחזר דפוסי דיבור אמיתיים בו זמנית. מחקרים מראים שזה משפר משמעותית את דיוק ההגייה, האינטונציה, הקצב, הדיבור המחובר, הבנת השמיעה ושטף הדיבור — מה שהופך אותו לאחת השיטות היעילות ביותר להכנה לIELTS Speaking ולתקשורת באנגלית בעולם האמיתי.