Prática de Shadowing: What makes art so expensive? | CNBC Explains - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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How do you put a dollar value on a piece of art like this?
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Or this? Or this?
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It’s a billion-dollar question.
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Well, more than that actually.
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It's estimated around $50 billion in art was sold worldwide last year.
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Compared to stocks or commodities it’s hard to measure how much art is worth.
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Why? For many the value of art lies in the eye of the beholder.
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Meaning one piece of art could be worth a lot to one person and nothing to someone else.
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You can get a sense of the ranging valuations of art in just one gallery.
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From one piece costing in the thousands of dollars.
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All the way to a Picasso in the millions.
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What makes a Picasso worth millions?
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One reason is simple economics: Supply and demand.
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Wealthy art buyers, whether they’re Picasso enthusiasts or investors looking for a place to store their money, all want to get their hands on a Picasso. But there are only so many Picassos left in the world.
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The supply shortage drives up prices as buyers outbid each other.
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So sales in the high-end art market come from a select group of in-demand artists whose work, like Picasso’s, is considered scarce.
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The most expensive pieces of art sold across sectors last year were from artists who are no longer alive.
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Even in contemporary art, 25 artists accounted for nearly half of public art auction sales in the first six months of 2017.
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Put another way, the art market is like the professional golf market.
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A handful of professional golfers make a lot of money, millions of dollars, when they win.
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But there are many more golfers in the field who earn just a fraction of those winnings.
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The price for a piece of art isn’t just about the artist’s reputation.
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There are other factors at play, like the art’s size and genre, its condition, the prices of similar pieces and where the work has been exhibited.
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Art Fairs, like Frieze here in London, are an important venue for new buyers and they're likely to stay that way.
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Sales at art fairs hit an estimated $13 billion in 2016, an increase of 57% since 2010.
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But half of art dealers in one survey said the costs associated with exhibiting at art fairs are a top business concern.
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This piece sold for around $20,000 and that’s considered a good value.
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Even new buyers willing to spend thousands of dollars can be put off by the idea that they need to spend millions to be part of an exclusive club of art collectors.
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It’s the million dollar buyers generating headline after headline of record sales in the art industry.
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The top end of the art market is dominated by a select group of players who are pretty private about their business.
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Which can make it tricky to value how much they’re actually spending on art.
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More and more art sales are conducted in private which attracts high net worth investors.
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These wealthy buyers are also lured by tax breaks for art donations or the prospect of making big returns on a piece of art.
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Galleries, dealers and auction houses can be tempted to cater to high-end clients who pay millions of dollars for art, and who keep coming back, instead of to the average Joe.
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You can see this trend in a chart showing the value of art sales, the total dollar amount, versus the volume of sales, the number of transactions, in global fine art auctions last year.
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Art that sold for more than $1 million accounted for nearly half of the market’s value in less than 1% of transactions.
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China has been driving a lot of the growth in high-end art sales since the financial crisis as it mints new millionaires and billionaires looking for places to invest their money.
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China ranks third in global art sales after the U.K. and the U.S., and those three countries combined make up 81% of global sales by value.
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Just because some art costs millions doesn’t mean you have to pay that much.
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A worthwhile investment can be art that you like for just a couple of bucks.
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Hey guys, it's Elizabeth. Thanks so much for watching.
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Check out more of our videos over here.
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We're also taking your suggestions for future CNBC Explains so leave your ideas in the comments section.
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And while you're at it, subscribe to our channel.
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See you!
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “What makes art so expensive?”. As palavras que mais se repetem: sales, dollar, piece, value, buyers. Este vídeo tem 45 frases e 736 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 4:26. O falante fala em ritmo natural, cerca de 166 palavras por minuto, próximo de uma conversa do dia a dia. 85% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês; vale a pena estudar o restante antes de começar.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| buyer substantivo | /ˈbaɪ.əɹ/ | comprador, compradora |
| golfer substantivo | /ˈɡɒlfə(ɹ)/ | golfista |
| investor substantivo | /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ | investidor |
| headline substantivo | /ˈhɛd.laɪn/ | manchete |
| exhibit verbo | /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ | exibir |
| dealer substantivo | /ˈdiːlə(ɹ)/ | negociante |
| enthusiast substantivo | /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/ | entusiasta |
| outbid verbo | /aʊtˈbɪd/ | em leilão, concorrência ou licitação |
| cater verbo | /ˈkeɪɾɚ/ | prover, servir |
| scarce adjetivo | /ˈskɛɚs/ | escasso |
| lure substantivo | /lʊə/ | isca |
| millionaire substantivo | /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/ | milionário |
| worthwhile adjetivo | /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/ | vantajoso |
| valuation substantivo | /ˌvæ.ljuːˈeɪ.ʃən/ | valoração |
| billionaire substantivo | /ˌbɪl.jəˈnɛɚ/ | bilionário |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| check out verbo | verificar, sacar só |
| come back verbo | voltar |
| put off verbo | adiar |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 7 contrações e formas reduzidas, como they're, doesn't, isn't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: valuation /ˌvæ.ljuːˈeɪ.ʃən/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, donation /doʊˈneɪʃən/, genre /ˈ(d)ʒɑnɹə/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/, millionaire /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/, valuation /ˌvæ.ljuːˈeɪ.ʃən/, commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: exhibit /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/, enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/, outbid /aʊtˈbɪd/, dominate /ˈdɑ.məˌneɪt/, mint /mɪnt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/, handful /ˈhæn(d)fʊl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: headline /ˈhɛd.laɪn/, beholder /bɪˈhoʊldɚ/, handful /ˈhæn(d)fʊl/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Comece na velocidade 0,75×, faça shadowing frase por frase e volte à velocidade normal quando ficar fácil.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como buyer, golfer, investor.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.