跟讀練習: What makes art so expensive? | CNBC Explains - 通過影片學習英語口語

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How do you put a dollar value on a piece of art like this?

Or this? Or this?

It’s a billion-dollar question.

Well, more than that actually.

It's estimated around $50 billion in art was sold worldwide last year.

Compared to stocks or commodities it’s hard to measure how much art is worth.

Why? For many the value of art lies in the eye of the beholder.

Meaning one piece of art could be worth a lot to one person and nothing to someone else.

You can get a sense of the ranging valuations of art in just one gallery.

From one piece costing in the thousands of dollars.

All the way to a Picasso in the millions.

What makes a Picasso worth millions?

One reason is simple economics: Supply and demand.

Wealthy art buyers, whether they’re Picasso enthusiasts or investors looking for a place to store their money, all want to get their hands on a Picasso. But there are only so many Picassos left in the world.

The supply shortage drives up prices as buyers outbid each other.

So sales in the high-end art market come from a select group of in-demand artists whose work, like Picasso’s, is considered scarce.

The most expensive pieces of art sold across sectors last year were from artists who are no longer alive.

Even in contemporary art, 25 artists accounted for nearly half of public art auction sales in the first six months of 2017.

Put another way, the art market is like the professional golf market.

A handful of professional golfers make a lot of money, millions of dollars, when they win.

But there are many more golfers in the field who earn just a fraction of those winnings.

The price for a piece of art isn’t just about the artist’s reputation.

There are other factors at play, like the art’s size and genre, its condition, the prices of similar pieces and where the work has been exhibited.

Art Fairs, like Frieze here in London, are an important venue for new buyers and they're likely to stay that way.

Sales at art fairs hit an estimated $13 billion in 2016, an increase of 57% since 2010.

But half of art dealers in one survey said the costs associated with exhibiting at art fairs are a top business concern.

This piece sold for around $20,000 and that’s considered a good value.

Even new buyers willing to spend thousands of dollars can be put off by the idea that they need to spend millions to be part of an exclusive club of art collectors.

It’s the million dollar buyers generating headline after headline of record sales in the art industry.

The top end of the art market is dominated by a select group of players who are pretty private about their business.

Which can make it tricky to value how much they’re actually spending on art.

More and more art sales are conducted in private which attracts high net worth investors.

These wealthy buyers are also lured by tax breaks for art donations or the prospect of making big returns on a piece of art.

Galleries, dealers and auction houses can be tempted to cater to high-end clients who pay millions of dollars for art, and who keep coming back, instead of to the average Joe.

You can see this trend in a chart showing the value of art sales, the total dollar amount, versus the volume of sales, the number of transactions, in global fine art auctions last year.

Art that sold for more than $1 million accounted for nearly half of the market’s value in less than 1% of transactions.

China has been driving a lot of the growth in high-end art sales since the financial crisis as it mints new millionaires and billionaires looking for places to invest their money.

China ranks third in global art sales after the U.K. and the U.S., and those three countries combined make up 81% of global sales by value.

Just because some art costs millions doesn’t mean you have to pay that much.

A worthwhile investment can be art that you like for just a couple of bucks.

Hey guys, it's Elizabeth. Thanks so much for watching.

Check out more of our videos over here.

We're also taking your suggestions for future CNBC Explains so leave your ideas in the comments section.

And while you're at it, subscribe to our channel.

See you!

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本課的詞彙與口語要點

這節 B2 級別的口語課以影片“What makes art so expensive?”為素材。影片中反覆出現的詞有：sales, dollar, piece, value, buyers。這段影片共有 45 個句子、736 個單詞可供跟讀。講話部分時長為 4:26。說話人語速自然，每分鐘約 166 個詞，接近日常對話。 85% 的單詞屬於英語最常用的 3,000 詞，其餘的詞建議在練習前先學一下。

影片中的重點詞彙

影片中最難的 15 個單詞，附發音和釋義：

單詞	發音	釋義
buyer 名詞	/ˈbaɪ.əɹ/	買主 /買主, 購買人 /購買人
investor 名詞	/ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/	投資者 /投資者, 投資家 /投資家
headline 名詞	/ˈhɛd.laɪn/	標題 /標題
exhibit 動詞	/ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/	展覽 /展覽
dealer 名詞	/ˈdiːlə(ɹ)/	商人
beholder 名詞	/bɪˈhoʊldɚ/	旁觀者 /旁觀者
enthusiast 名詞	/ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/	熱衷者
scarce 形容詞	/ˈskɛɚs/	缺乏的
millionaire 名詞	/ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/	百萬富翁 /百萬富翁, 鉅富
worthwhile 形容詞	/ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/	值得, 划算
billionaire 名詞	/ˌbɪl.jəˈnɛɚ/	億萬富翁 /億萬富翁
commodity 名詞	/kəˈmɑdəti/	商品, 貨物 /貨物
dominate 動詞	/ˈdɑ.məˌneɪt/	主宰, 宰制
shortage 名詞	/ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/	短缺, 緊缺 /緊缺
collector 名詞	/kəˈlɛk.tɚ/	收藏家, 收債人 /收債人

影片中出現的短語動詞

單詞	釋義
check out 動詞	退房
come back 動詞	回來 /回來, 返回
put off 動詞	推遲 /推遲, 順延 /順延

需要注意的發音

說話人用了 7 次縮略和弱讀形式，例如 they're, doesn't, isn't。請按聽到的簡短形式來說。

“th” 音: enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/
“sh” 和 “zh” 音: valuation /ˌvæ.ljuːˈeɪ.ʃən/, shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, donation /doʊˈneɪʃən/, genre /ˈ(d)ʒɑnɹə/
長單詞——注意重音位置: enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/, millionaire /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/, valuation /ˌvæ.ljuːˈeɪ.ʃən/, commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/

中文母語者容易讀錯的音：

/v/ — 不要讀成 /w/，上齒輕觸下唇: investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/, valuation /ˌvæ.ljuːˈeɪ.ʃən/
詞尾子音 — 要讀清楚，後面不要加母音: exhibit /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/, enthusiast /ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/, outbid /aʊtˈbɪd/, scarce /ˈskɛɚs/, dominate /ˈdɑ.məˌneɪt/
/r/ 和 /l/ 的區別: golfer /ˈɡɒlfə(ɹ)/, dealer /ˈdiːlə(ɹ)/, millionaire /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/, worthwhile /ˌwɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/

如何用這段影片練習

先完整聽一遍影片，不要開口，記下不認識的單詞。
先用 0.75 倍速逐句跟讀，熟練之後再回到正常速度。
錄下自己的聲音並與原聲對比，特別注意 buyer, investor, headline 這類單詞。

什麼是跟讀法？

跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。

影子跟讀法: 閱讀完整分步指南 →

跟讀練習: What makes art so expensive? | CNBC Explains - 通過影片學習英語口語

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