Практика Shadowing: Why Cashew Nuts Are So Expensive | So Expensive | Business Insider - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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Cashews grow in select tropical climates around the world, from the bottom of a hanging fruit like this.
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Just one kilogram of cashews can cost $10 wholesale.
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That's over seven times as much as peanuts.
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And in the U .S., retail prices for whole cashews can reach $15 per pound.
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But without intensive, precise processing, these nuts wouldn't be edible at all.
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So how exactly are cashews processed?
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And is this what makes them so expensive?
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In 2017, the world ate 770 ,000 metric tons of cashews.
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They're one of the most popular and valuable nuts in the world, worth over $6 billion today.
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Cashews grow in tropical locations like India, Vietnam, Ivory Coast, and here in Sri Lanka.
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The trees are a member of the same family as poison ivy.
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And like poison ivy, cashew plants contain a toxin called urushiol.
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It's found in the plant itself and the brown oil inside a nut's shell.
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It can cause burns, itches, and blisters, which is why unprocessed cashews are considered dangerous to eat or touch.
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It's also why they require more rigorous processing than other nuts.
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Each fruit grows just one shelled nut, called a droop, which workers separate by hand.
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The nuts must then dry under the sun to help draw out some of the shell's caustic liquid.
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The most difficult and dangerous step is splitting open the nut, since toxic oil still coats the droops.
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Cashews are brittle, so factories used to do this step manually to ensure machines wouldn't break the nuts.
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But doing this by hand has frequently raised issues within the industry.
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NGOs have called out some factories for overworking employees
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and putting workers at risk of burning themselves if they can't afford to buy gloves for protection.
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Today machines are advanced enough to crack the shells cleanly, keeping the majority of nuts intact and helping minimize risks to workers.
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After a machine splits open the shells, the next two crucial stages totally depend on workers, who have to do them by hand.
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The nuts are roasted to ensure, again, that the toxic liquid inside is destroyed.
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The next stage is particularly tedious, as it relies entirely on handiwork.
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workers must peel off the husk or the dry outer covering
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that surrounds each nut because it's high in tannins
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and could irritate your throat removing
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it is a skill one masters with practice experienced workers de -skin only about two
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and a half kilograms of cashews each night this step is not only difficult
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but also has the biggest impact on price
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Cashews are graded by several features, like color, weight, and condition.
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Large whole nuts are most valuable.
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If you have a lot of cashews, you can get a lot of cashews.
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Because cashews can only be harvested once a year, growers like Laharu save a portion of the nuts in stock
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so that they can continue making a profit in the months ahead.
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But it comes at a steep cost.
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Just stocking the nuts costs Laharu more than $65 ,000 each year.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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If you buy some of the cashews, you can buy some of the cashews.
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If you buy some of the cashews, you can buy some of the cashews.
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This causes prices to fluctuate a bit year -round.
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In December, Laharu's supply has decreased, so prices typically increase.
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But it also depends on each country's supply chain.
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While Sri Lanka processes and sells many of its own cashews domestically, other countries export much of what they grow.
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It's likely that many of the cashews you buy in the U .S or Europe were grown in Africa, processed in Vietnam or India,
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and finally exported to the Western market.
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Africa produces half of the world's supply of cashews.
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Ivory Coast, for example, produced about 730 ,000 metric tons of raw cashews in 2019.
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But it exported over 90 % of that.
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This is because Ivory Coast and other African countries still don't have a robust processing industry.
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Ivory Coast plans to expand domestic processing by 2024, but without it, cashews are significantly less valuable. In 2018,
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the export price of cashews processed in India
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and exported to Europe was 250 % higher than the price paid to Ivory Coast farmers customers.
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Vietnam, on the other hand, was one of the first countries to invest in automation, making it a key location for processing cashews.
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Today Vietnam is the largest cashew exporter in the world.
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In just the first three months of 2021, the country exported over 108 ,000 tons of cashews.
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Automation has also lessened the need to hire workers, which is a reason many factories in India and Sri Lanka still process manually.
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By hand or machine, processing cashews is no easy task.
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And the world's climate crisis could make it even harder.
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A 2013 report on the climate's impact on cashews shows unseasonal rains
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and heavy dew can impact the quality and quantity of the nuts.
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Just this year, Lahiru's harvest came late because of it.
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We're going to eat the nut and the nut.
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Amidst climate challenges, cashews continue to be popular.
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Healthy eating trends are key to driving demand, along with the versatility of the cashew itself, another reason the nut remains so valuable.
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Whether used as a snack, cooking paste, or an alternative to milk or butter, cashews have many applications around the world.
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researchers predict the market will grow to $7 billion by 2025.
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And although cashews are currently cheaper than they've been in recent years, demand is likely to drive prices higher in the future.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Why Cashew Nuts Are So Expensive». Чаще всего повторяются слова: cashew, nut, workers, price, processing. В этом видео 78 предложений и 960 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 8:20. Говорящий держит ровный темп — около 115 слов в минуту, удобный для шедоуинга. Только 76% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| worker существительное | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | рабо́тник, рабо́тница |
| export существительное | /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/ | э́кспорт, вы́воз |
| shell существительное | /ʃɛl/ | ра́ковина, раку́шка |
| ton существительное | /tʌn/ | то́нна |
| liquid существительное | /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ | жи́дкость |
| toxic прилагательное | /ˈtɒk.sɪk/ | токси́чный, ядови́тый |
| depend глагол | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | зави́сеть |
| tropical прилагательное | /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/ | тропи́ческий |
| poison существительное | /ˈpɔɪ.zən/ | яд, отра́ва |
| harvest существительное | /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ | жа́тва, страда́ |
| metric прилагательное | /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ | метри́ческий |
| automation существительное | /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | автоматиза́ция |
| manually наречие | /ˈmænj(u)əliː/ | вручну́ю |
| select глагол | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | отбира́ть |
| skill существительное | /skɪl/ | уме́ние, на́вык |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| call out глагол | заявля́ть |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has frequently raised · have called · has decreased |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | are considered · are roasted · are graded |
| Придаточные определительные who / which + предложение — уточнение о человеке или предмете | blisters, which is · workers, which is |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 7 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например wouldn't, can't, don't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: shell /ʃɛl/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, cashew /ˈkæʃuː/, urushiol /ʊˈɹuːʃiˌɔl/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, manually /ˈmænj(u)əliː/, urushiol /ʊˈɹuːʃiˌɔl/, versatility /ˌvɜː.səˈtɪl.ɪ.tiː/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /w/ — губы округлены, это не /v/: worker /ˈwɝ.kɚ/, liquid /ˈlɪk.wɪd/, quantity /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/, handiwork /ˈhændiˌwɝk/, overwork /ˈəʊvəˌwɜːk/
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, hire /ˈhaɪɹ/, wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/, handiwork /ˈhændiˌwɝk/, husk /hʌsk/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: liquid /ˈlɪk.wɪd/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/, pound /ˈpaʊ̯nd/, intensive /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как worker, export, shell.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.