跟读练习: Why Cashew Nuts Are So Expensive | So Expensive | Business Insider - 通过视频学习英语口语
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Cashews grow in select tropical climates around the world, from the bottom of a hanging fruit like this.
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Just one kilogram of cashews can cost $10 wholesale.
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That's over seven times as much as peanuts.
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And in the U .S., retail prices for whole cashews can reach $15 per pound.
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But without intensive, precise processing, these nuts wouldn't be edible at all.
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So how exactly are cashews processed?
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And is this what makes them so expensive?
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In 2017, the world ate 770 ,000 metric tons of cashews.
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They're one of the most popular and valuable nuts in the world, worth over $6 billion today.
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Cashews grow in tropical locations like India, Vietnam, Ivory Coast, and here in Sri Lanka.
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The trees are a member of the same family as poison ivy.
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And like poison ivy, cashew plants contain a toxin called urushiol.
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It's found in the plant itself and the brown oil inside a nut's shell.
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It can cause burns, itches, and blisters, which is why unprocessed cashews are considered dangerous to eat or touch.
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It's also why they require more rigorous processing than other nuts.
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Each fruit grows just one shelled nut, called a droop, which workers separate by hand.
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The nuts must then dry under the sun to help draw out some of the shell's caustic liquid.
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The most difficult and dangerous step is splitting open the nut, since toxic oil still coats the droops.
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Cashews are brittle, so factories used to do this step manually to ensure machines wouldn't break the nuts.
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But doing this by hand has frequently raised issues within the industry.
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NGOs have called out some factories for overworking employees
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and putting workers at risk of burning themselves if they can't afford to buy gloves for protection.
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Today machines are advanced enough to crack the shells cleanly, keeping the majority of nuts intact and helping minimize risks to workers.
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After a machine splits open the shells, the next two crucial stages totally depend on workers, who have to do them by hand.
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The nuts are roasted to ensure, again, that the toxic liquid inside is destroyed.
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The next stage is particularly tedious, as it relies entirely on handiwork.
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workers must peel off the husk or the dry outer covering
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that surrounds each nut because it's high in tannins
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and could irritate your throat removing
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it is a skill one masters with practice experienced workers de -skin only about two
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and a half kilograms of cashews each night this step is not only difficult
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but also has the biggest impact on price
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Cashews are graded by several features, like color, weight, and condition.
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Large whole nuts are most valuable.
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If you have a lot of cashews, you can get a lot of cashews.
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Because cashews can only be harvested once a year, growers like Laharu save a portion of the nuts in stock
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so that they can continue making a profit in the months ahead.
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But it comes at a steep cost.
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Just stocking the nuts costs Laharu more than $65 ,000 each year.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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If you buy some of the cashews, you can buy some of the cashews.
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If you buy some of the cashews, you can buy some of the cashews.
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This causes prices to fluctuate a bit year -round.
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In December, Laharu's supply has decreased, so prices typically increase.
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But it also depends on each country's supply chain.
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While Sri Lanka processes and sells many of its own cashews domestically, other countries export much of what they grow.
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It's likely that many of the cashews you buy in the U .S or Europe were grown in Africa, processed in Vietnam or India,
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and finally exported to the Western market.
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Africa produces half of the world's supply of cashews.
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Ivory Coast, for example, produced about 730 ,000 metric tons of raw cashews in 2019.
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But it exported over 90 % of that.
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This is because Ivory Coast and other African countries still don't have a robust processing industry.
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Ivory Coast plans to expand domestic processing by 2024, but without it, cashews are significantly less valuable. In 2018,
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the export price of cashews processed in India
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and exported to Europe was 250 % higher than the price paid to Ivory Coast farmers customers.
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Vietnam, on the other hand, was one of the first countries to invest in automation, making it a key location for processing cashews.
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Today Vietnam is the largest cashew exporter in the world.
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In just the first three months of 2021, the country exported over 108 ,000 tons of cashews.
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Automation has also lessened the need to hire workers, which is a reason many factories in India and Sri Lanka still process manually.
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By hand or machine, processing cashews is no easy task.
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And the world's climate crisis could make it even harder.
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A 2013 report on the climate's impact on cashews shows unseasonal rains
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and heavy dew can impact the quality and quantity of the nuts.
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Just this year, Lahiru's harvest came late because of it.
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We're going to eat the nut and the nut.
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Amidst climate challenges, cashews continue to be popular.
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Healthy eating trends are key to driving demand, along with the versatility of the cashew itself, another reason the nut remains so valuable.
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Whether used as a snack, cooking paste, or an alternative to milk or butter, cashews have many applications around the world.
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researchers predict the market will grow to $7 billion by 2025.
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And although cashews are currently cheaper than they've been in recent years, demand is likely to drive prices higher in the future.
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本课的词汇与口语要点
这节口语课以视频“Why Cashew Nuts Are So Expensive”为素材。 视频中反复出现的词有：cashew, nut, workers, price, processing。 这段视频共有 78 个句子、960 个单词可供跟读。 讲话部分时长为 8:20。 说话人语速平稳，每分钟约 115 个词，很适合跟读。 只有 76% 的单词属于英语最常用的 3,000 词，词汇难度较高。
视频中的重点词汇
视频中 15 个值得学习的单词，附发音和释义：
| 单词 | 发音 | 释义 |
|---|---|---|
| worker 名词 | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | 工人, 工作者 |
| export 名词 | /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/ | 出口, 輸出 /输出 |
| shell 名词 | /ʃɛl/ | 貝 /贝, 貝殼 /贝壳 |
| ton 名词 | /tʌn/ | 噸 /吨, 公噸 /公吨 |
| liquid 名词 | /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ | 液體 /液体, 液態 /液态 |
| toxic 形容词 | /ˈtɒk.sɪk/ | 有毒的 |
| depend 动词 | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | 信任, 信賴 /信赖 |
| tropical 形容词 | /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/ | 熱帶 /热带, 回歸線 /回归线 |
| poison 名词 | /ˈpɔɪ.zən/ | 毒, 毒物 |
| harvest 名词 | /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ | 收穫 /收获 |
| metric 形容词 | /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ | 公制 |
| automation 名词 | /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | 自動化 /自动化 |
| manually 副词 | /ˈmænj(u)əliː/ | 手动地 |
| select 动词 | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | 選 /选, 挑選 /挑选 |
| skill 名词 | /skɪl/ | 技巧, 技能 |
视频中出现的短语动词
| 单词 | 释义 |
|---|---|
| draw out 动词 | 拖延, 延長 /延长 |
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | are considered · are roasted · are graded |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | have called · has decreased · has also lessened |
| 定语从句 who / which + 从句 — 补充说明人或事物 | blisters, which is · workers, which is |
需要注意的发音
说话人用了 7 次缩略和弱读形式，例如 wouldn't, can't, don't。请按听到的简短形式来说。
- “sh” 和 “zh” 音: shell /ʃɛl/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, cashew /ˈkæʃuː/, urushiol /ʊˈɹuːʃiˌɔl/
- 长单词——注意重音位置: automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, manually /ˈmænj(u)əliː/, urushiol /ʊˈɹuːʃiˌɔl/, versatility /ˌvɜː.səˈtɪl.ɪ.tiː/
中文母语者容易读错的音：
- /v/ — 不要读成 /w/，上齿轻触下唇: harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, intensive /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/, glove /ɡlʌv/, overwork /ˈəʊvəˌwɜːk/
- 词尾辅音 — 要读清楚，后面不要加元音: export /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/, liquid /ˈlɪk.wɪd/, toxic /ˈtɒk.sɪk/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/
- /r/ 和 /l/ 的区别: tropical /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/, rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, kilogram /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/, brittle /ˈbɹɪtəl/
如何用这段视频练习
- 先完整听一遍视频，不要开口，记下不认识的单词。
- 用正常速度逐句跟读，每句重复到你的节奏与说话人一致为止。
- 录下自己的声音并与原声对比，特别注意 worker, export, shell 这类单词。
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。