تدريب Shadowing: Why Cashew Nuts Are So Expensive | So Expensive | Business Insider - تعلم التحدث بالإنجليزية عبر الفيديو
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Cashews grow in select tropical climates around the world, from the bottom of a hanging fruit like this.
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Just one kilogram of cashews can cost $10 wholesale.
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That's over seven times as much as peanuts.
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And in the U .S., retail prices for whole cashews can reach $15 per pound.
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But without intensive, precise processing, these nuts wouldn't be edible at all.
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So how exactly are cashews processed?
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And is this what makes them so expensive?
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In 2017, the world ate 770 ,000 metric tons of cashews.
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They're one of the most popular and valuable nuts in the world, worth over $6 billion today.
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Cashews grow in tropical locations like India, Vietnam, Ivory Coast, and here in Sri Lanka.
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The trees are a member of the same family as poison ivy.
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And like poison ivy, cashew plants contain a toxin called urushiol.
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It's found in the plant itself and the brown oil inside a nut's shell.
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It can cause burns, itches, and blisters, which is why unprocessed cashews are considered dangerous to eat or touch.
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It's also why they require more rigorous processing than other nuts.
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Each fruit grows just one shelled nut, called a droop, which workers separate by hand.
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The nuts must then dry under the sun to help draw out some of the shell's caustic liquid.
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The most difficult and dangerous step is splitting open the nut, since toxic oil still coats the droops.
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Cashews are brittle, so factories used to do this step manually to ensure machines wouldn't break the nuts.
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But doing this by hand has frequently raised issues within the industry.
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NGOs have called out some factories for overworking employees
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and putting workers at risk of burning themselves if they can't afford to buy gloves for protection.
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Today machines are advanced enough to crack the shells cleanly, keeping the majority of nuts intact and helping minimize risks to workers.
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After a machine splits open the shells, the next two crucial stages totally depend on workers, who have to do them by hand.
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The nuts are roasted to ensure, again, that the toxic liquid inside is destroyed.
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The next stage is particularly tedious, as it relies entirely on handiwork.
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workers must peel off the husk or the dry outer covering
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that surrounds each nut because it's high in tannins
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and could irritate your throat removing
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it is a skill one masters with practice experienced workers de -skin only about two
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and a half kilograms of cashews each night this step is not only difficult
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but also has the biggest impact on price
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Cashews are graded by several features, like color, weight, and condition.
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Large whole nuts are most valuable.
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If you have a lot of cashews, you can get a lot of cashews.
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Because cashews can only be harvested once a year, growers like Laharu save a portion of the nuts in stock
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so that they can continue making a profit in the months ahead.
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But it comes at a steep cost.
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Just stocking the nuts costs Laharu more than $65 ,000 each year.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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If you buy some of the cashews, you can buy some of the cashews.
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If you buy some of the cashews, you can buy some of the cashews.
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This causes prices to fluctuate a bit year -round.
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In December, Laharu's supply has decreased, so prices typically increase.
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But it also depends on each country's supply chain.
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While Sri Lanka processes and sells many of its own cashews domestically, other countries export much of what they grow.
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It's likely that many of the cashews you buy in the U .S or Europe were grown in Africa, processed in Vietnam or India,
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and finally exported to the Western market.
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Africa produces half of the world's supply of cashews.
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Ivory Coast, for example, produced about 730 ,000 metric tons of raw cashews in 2019.
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But it exported over 90 % of that.
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This is because Ivory Coast and other African countries still don't have a robust processing industry.
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Ivory Coast plans to expand domestic processing by 2024, but without it, cashews are significantly less valuable. In 2018,
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the export price of cashews processed in India
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and exported to Europe was 250 % higher than the price paid to Ivory Coast farmers customers.
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Vietnam, on the other hand, was one of the first countries to invest in automation, making it a key location for processing cashews.
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Today Vietnam is the largest cashew exporter in the world.
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In just the first three months of 2021, the country exported over 108 ,000 tons of cashews.
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Automation has also lessened the need to hire workers, which is a reason many factories in India and Sri Lanka still process manually.
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By hand or machine, processing cashews is no easy task.
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And the world's climate crisis could make it even harder.
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A 2013 report on the climate's impact on cashews shows unseasonal rains
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and heavy dew can impact the quality and quantity of the nuts.
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Just this year, Lahiru's harvest came late because of it.
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We're going to eat the nut and the nut.
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Amidst climate challenges, cashews continue to be popular.
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Healthy eating trends are key to driving demand, along with the versatility of the cashew itself, another reason the nut remains so valuable.
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Whether used as a snack, cooking paste, or an alternative to milk or butter, cashews have many applications around the world.
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researchers predict the market will grow to $7 billion by 2025.
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And although cashews are currently cheaper than they've been in recent years, demand is likely to drive prices higher in the future.
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المفردات وملاحظات التحدث لهذا الدرس
هذا الدرس في المحادثة مبني على الفيديو “Why Cashew Nuts Are So Expensive”. أكثر الكلمات تكرارًا في الفيديو: cashew, nut, workers, price, processing. يحتوي هذا الفيديو على 78 جملة و960 كلمة للتدرب على الترديد. مدة الكلام 8:20. يتكلم المتحدث بسرعة ثابتة، نحو 115 كلمة في الدقيقة، وهي سرعة مريحة للترديد. 76% فقط من الكلمات ضمن أكثر 3,000 كلمة شيوعًا في الإنجليزية، فالمفردات صعبة نسبيًا.
أهم المفردات في هذا الفيديو
15 كلمة من الفيديو تستحق التعلّم، مع النطق والمعنى:
| الكلمة | النطق | المعنى |
|---|---|---|
| worker اسم | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | عَامِل, عَامِلَة |
| export اسم | /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/ | صَادِرَات |
| shell اسم | /ʃɛl/ | صَدَفَة |
| ton اسم | /tʌn/ | طُن |
| liquid اسم | /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ | سَائِل, مَائِع |
| toxic صفة | /ˈtɒk.sɪk/ | سَامّ |
| tropical صفة | /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/ | مَدَارِيّ |
| poison اسم | /ˈpɔɪ.zən/ | سُمّ, سَمّ |
| harvest اسم | /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ | حِصَاد |
| automation اسم | /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | أَتْمَتَة, تَأْلِيَّة |
| select فعل | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | اِخْتَارَ |
| skill اسم | /skɪl/ | مَهَارَة |
| crack اسم | /kɹæk/ | صَدْع |
| butter اسم | /ˈbʌtɚ/ | زُبْدَة, زبدة |
| hire فعل | /ˈhaɪɹ/ | أَجَّرَ |
القواعد في هذا الفيديو
أكثر التراكيب التي يستخدمها المتحدث، مع العبارات نفسها من الفيديو:
| التركيب | في الفيديو |
|---|---|
| المبني للمجهول be + اسم المفعول — التركيز على ما يحدث لا على من يفعله | are considered · are roasted · are graded |
| المضارع التام have/has + اسم المفعول — حدث ماضٍ ما زال له أثر الآن | have called · has decreased · has also lessened |
| جمل الوصل who / which + جملة — معلومة إضافية عن شخص أو شيء | blisters, which is · workers, which is |
نطق يحتاج إلى انتباه
يستخدم المتحدث 7 من الصيغ المختصرة، مثل wouldn't, can't, don't. انطقها بصيغتها القصيرة كما تسمعها.
- أصوات “sh” و“zh”: shell /ʃɛl/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, cashew /ˈkæʃuː/, urushiol /ʊˈɹuːʃiˌɔl/
- الكلمات الطويلة — انتبه لموضع النبر: automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, manually /ˈmænj(u)əliː/, urushiol /ʊˈɹuːʃiˌɔl/, versatility /ˌvɜː.səˈtɪl.ɪ.tiː/
أصوات يجدها متحدثو العربية صعبة:
- /p/ — ليس /b/: انطقه مع نفخة هواء: export /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, tropical /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/, poison /ˈpɔɪ.zən/, expand /ɪkˈspænd/
- /v/ — ليس /f/: مع اهتزاز الأوتار الصوتية: harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, invest /ɪnˈvɛst/, intensive /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/, glove /ɡlʌv/, overwork /ˈəʊvəˌwɜːk/
- تتابع الصوامت — لا تضف حركة بينها: export /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, tropical /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/, harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, select /sɪˈlɛkt/
كيف تتدرب بهذا الفيديو
- استمع إلى الفيديو كاملًا مرة واحدة دون أن تتكلم، ودوّن الكلمات التي لا تعرفها.
- ردّد جملة جملة بالسرعة العادية، وكرّر كل جملة حتى يتطابق إيقاعك مع المتحدث.
- سجّل صوتك وقارنه بالأصل، مع الانتباه إلى كلمات مثل worker, export, shell.
ما هي تقنية التظليل الصوتي؟
التظليل الصوتي (Shadowing) تقنية تعلم لغة مدعومة علمياً، طُورت أصلاً لتدريب المترجمين الفوريين المحترفين. الطريقة بسيطة لكنها قوية: تستمع لصوت إنجليزي أصلي وتكرره فوراً بصوت عالٍ — كظل يتبع المتحدث بتأخير 1-2 ثانية. تُظهر الأبحاث تحسناً كبيراً في دقة النطق والتنغيم والإيقاع وربط الأصوات والاستماع والطلاقة.