Prática de Shadowing: Why Cashew Nuts Are So Expensive | So Expensive | Business Insider - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Cashews grow in select tropical climates around the world, from the bottom of a hanging fruit like this.
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Just one kilogram of cashews can cost $10 wholesale.
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That's over seven times as much as peanuts.
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And in the U .S., retail prices for whole cashews can reach $15 per pound.
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But without intensive, precise processing, these nuts wouldn't be edible at all.
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So how exactly are cashews processed?
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And is this what makes them so expensive?
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In 2017, the world ate 770 ,000 metric tons of cashews.
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They're one of the most popular and valuable nuts in the world, worth over $6 billion today.
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Cashews grow in tropical locations like India, Vietnam, Ivory Coast, and here in Sri Lanka.
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The trees are a member of the same family as poison ivy.
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And like poison ivy, cashew plants contain a toxin called urushiol.
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It's found in the plant itself and the brown oil inside a nut's shell.
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It can cause burns, itches, and blisters, which is why unprocessed cashews are considered dangerous to eat or touch.
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It's also why they require more rigorous processing than other nuts.
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Each fruit grows just one shelled nut, called a droop, which workers separate by hand.
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The nuts must then dry under the sun to help draw out some of the shell's caustic liquid.
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The most difficult and dangerous step is splitting open the nut, since toxic oil still coats the droops.
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Cashews are brittle, so factories used to do this step manually to ensure machines wouldn't break the nuts.
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But doing this by hand has frequently raised issues within the industry.
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NGOs have called out some factories for overworking employees
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and putting workers at risk of burning themselves if they can't afford to buy gloves for protection.
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Today machines are advanced enough to crack the shells cleanly, keeping the majority of nuts intact and helping minimize risks to workers.
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After a machine splits open the shells, the next two crucial stages totally depend on workers, who have to do them by hand.
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The nuts are roasted to ensure, again, that the toxic liquid inside is destroyed.
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The next stage is particularly tedious, as it relies entirely on handiwork.
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workers must peel off the husk or the dry outer covering
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that surrounds each nut because it's high in tannins
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and could irritate your throat removing
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it is a skill one masters with practice experienced workers de -skin only about two
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and a half kilograms of cashews each night this step is not only difficult
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but also has the biggest impact on price
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Cashews are graded by several features, like color, weight, and condition.
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Large whole nuts are most valuable.
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If you have a lot of cashews, you can get a lot of cashews.
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Because cashews can only be harvested once a year, growers like Laharu save a portion of the nuts in stock
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so that they can continue making a profit in the months ahead.
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But it comes at a steep cost.
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Just stocking the nuts costs Laharu more than $65 ,000 each year.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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It was a long time ago.
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If you buy some of the cashews, you can buy some of the cashews.
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If you buy some of the cashews, you can buy some of the cashews.
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This causes prices to fluctuate a bit year -round.
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In December, Laharu's supply has decreased, so prices typically increase.
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But it also depends on each country's supply chain.
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While Sri Lanka processes and sells many of its own cashews domestically, other countries export much of what they grow.
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It's likely that many of the cashews you buy in the U .S or Europe were grown in Africa, processed in Vietnam or India,
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and finally exported to the Western market.
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Africa produces half of the world's supply of cashews.
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Ivory Coast, for example, produced about 730 ,000 metric tons of raw cashews in 2019.
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But it exported over 90 % of that.
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This is because Ivory Coast and other African countries still don't have a robust processing industry.
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Ivory Coast plans to expand domestic processing by 2024, but without it, cashews are significantly less valuable. In 2018,
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the export price of cashews processed in India
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and exported to Europe was 250 % higher than the price paid to Ivory Coast farmers customers.
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Vietnam, on the other hand, was one of the first countries to invest in automation, making it a key location for processing cashews.
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Today Vietnam is the largest cashew exporter in the world.
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In just the first three months of 2021, the country exported over 108 ,000 tons of cashews.
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Automation has also lessened the need to hire workers, which is a reason many factories in India and Sri Lanka still process manually.
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By hand or machine, processing cashews is no easy task.
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And the world's climate crisis could make it even harder.
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A 2013 report on the climate's impact on cashews shows unseasonal rains
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and heavy dew can impact the quality and quantity of the nuts.
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Just this year, Lahiru's harvest came late because of it.
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We're going to eat the nut and the nut.
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Amidst climate challenges, cashews continue to be popular.
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Healthy eating trends are key to driving demand, along with the versatility of the cashew itself, another reason the nut remains so valuable.
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Whether used as a snack, cooking paste, or an alternative to milk or butter, cashews have many applications around the world.
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researchers predict the market will grow to $7 billion by 2025.
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And although cashews are currently cheaper than they've been in recent years, demand is likely to drive prices higher in the future.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Why Cashew Nuts Are So Expensive”. As palavras que mais se repetem: cashew, nut, workers, price, processing. Este vídeo tem 78 frases e 960 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 8:20. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 115 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 76% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| worker substantivo | /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ | trabalhador |
| export substantivo | /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/ | exportado |
| shell substantivo | /ʃɛl/ | concha |
| ton substantivo | /tʌn/ | tonelada |
| liquid substantivo | /ˈlɪk.wɪd/ | líquido |
| toxic adjetivo | /ˈtɒk.sɪk/ | tóxico |
| depend verbo | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | depender |
| tropical adjetivo | /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/ | tropical |
| poison substantivo | /ˈpɔɪ.zən/ | veneno, tóxico |
| harvest substantivo | /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ | colheita |
| metric adjetivo | /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ | métrico |
| automation substantivo | /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/ | automação, automatização |
| manually advérbio | /ˈmænj(u)əliː/ | manualmente, à mão |
| select verbo | /sɪˈlɛkt/ | escolher, selecionar |
| skill substantivo | /skɪl/ | habilidade, talento |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | are considered · are roasted · are graded |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have called · has decreased · has also lessened |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | blisters, which is · workers, which is |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 7 contrações e formas reduzidas, como wouldn't, can't, don't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: shell /ʃɛl/, automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, cashew /ˈkæʃuː/, urushiol /ʊˈɹuːʃiˌɔl/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: automation /ˌɔ.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/, manually /ˈmænj(u)əliː/, urushiol /ʊˈɹuːʃiˌɔl/, versatility /ˌvɜː.səˈtɪl.ɪ.tiː/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: export /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/, liquid /ˈlɪk.wɪd/, toxic /ˈtɒk.sɪk/, depend /dɪˈpɛnd/, harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: shell /ʃɛl/, tropical /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/, skill /skɪl/, crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/, wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, hire /ˈhaɪɹ/, wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/, handiwork /ˈhændiˌwɝk/, husk /hʌsk/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como worker, export, shell.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.