Prática de Shadowing: Why Matsutake Mushrooms Are So Expensive | So Expensive - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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Every year, Gihei Fujara goes into the mountains hunting for this — a Masutake mushroom.
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If the harvest is low, wholesale Masutake can cost over $500 per kilogram.
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And over the past 70 years, Japan's harvest has declined by over 95 percent.
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Now the mushroom's future is unclear.
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So what makes these mushrooms so expensive?
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And why have they almost disappeared?
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Matsutake can't exist without trees.
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They grow connected to the roots of red pine trees in a symbiotic relationship.
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Matsutake grow in several countries, including China and South Korea.
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But Japan's fetch the highest price.
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In 2021, the season's first Matsutake were auctioned off for over $7 ,000.
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They're harvested once a year, from around September to November.
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But because the domestic harvest in Japan has plummeted, the price is volatile.
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Unlike other prized foods, it's not a problem of over -harvesting.
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It's a problem of changing habitat.
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Matsutake can't be grown on farms.
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They have to be foraged by hand.
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But foraging is no easy task.
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Gihie Fujara has been foraging Matsutake for over 60 years.
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There's a lot of anticipation leading up to each harvest season.
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Yeah.
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Gihei forages from dawn till dusk, returning home around midday to empty out his baskets.
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Even for someone with his experience, it can be hard to predict the quality of a harvest.
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Even with a good harvest, these mushrooms are difficult to find.
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They blend in with the forest floor and often don't grow at the base of a tree.
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Knowing where to look is a result of decades of foraging on this mountain.
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I feel like it's a good day to go to the beach.
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It's a good day here.
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It's a good day to go to the beach.
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I'm going to go to the mountain and I'm going to do things like that.
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I'm going to go to the beach
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and I'm going to go to the beach and I'm going to go to the beach.
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I'm still going to use it.
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It's exhausting work.
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But today Gihei is rewarded, filling several baskets each trip.
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But his work isn't over when the harvest ends.
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In the off -season, Gihei goes back to the mountain and tries to cultivate Matsutake. or do a trimakaki.
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Gihei also tries to spread the spores of Matsutake to help them grow.
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But cultivating Matsutake this way takes around five years, and success isn't guaranteed.
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Even though this year was a big harvest, the long -term trend is in decline.
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In 1953, Japan harvested around 6400 metric tons of Matsutake.
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But in 2019, it harvested only 14 metric tons.
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One of the biggest reasons for this decline is a change in how forests are maintained.
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and the trees were all gathered and gathered up to the trees.
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And then the Matsu -take grew up and grew up.
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Matsutake also grows best with red pine trees that are a few decades old.
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But over the past century, an invasive pest called Pinewood Nematode has been hurting the growth of red pine trees throughout Japan pan.
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Without the trees, Masutake won't be able to survive.
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The mushrooms also need ample rainfall and cool temperatures early in the season.
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All of these factors create a delicate balance for Masutake.
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Harvests vary widely each year, which causes big changes in price.
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In 2018, prices were 20 to 50 percent lower than the year before because of a good harvest.
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But in 2019, when there was a period of dry weather, prices almost doubled, reaching over $800 per kilogram in some parts of Japan.
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Today, Japan imports over 90 % of its Masutaki from places like
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China and South Korea.
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In 2019, only around 14 of the 1 ,000 metric tons consumed were harvested domestically.
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Imported Matsutake are more affordable compared to the ones grown in Japan.
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But some people consider these mushrooms to be less fresh and not as flavorful.
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Matsutake with a closed cap are often considered to be the most valuable.
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But different sizes are used in different types of dishes.
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A full course meal at this inn costs around $130.
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This season is one of the most fun things we can do in this season.
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I think it's a fun idea to make a fun idea.
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For Japanese people, it's a贅 of Masutake in the summer, but everyone wants to eat it once again.
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Due to the declining harvest, Masutake mushrooms were listed as vulnerable in 2020.
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But the species isn't gone yet.
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But if its growth and environment aren't sustained, this legendary mushroom likely won't get cheaper anytime soon.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação usa o vídeo “Why Matsutake Mushrooms Are So Expensive”. As palavras que mais se repetem: Matsutake, harvest, tree, mushroom, Masutake. Este vídeo tem 67 frases e 740 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 7:47. O falante fala devagar, cerca de 95 palavras por minuto, o que dá tempo para imitar cada som. Apenas 77% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
15 palavras do vídeo que vale a pena aprender, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| harvest substantivo | /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ | colheita |
| mushroom substantivo | /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/ | fungo, cogumelo |
| decline verbo | /dɪˈklaɪn/ | declinar |
| ton substantivo | /tʌn/ | tonelada |
| pine substantivo | /paɪn/ | pinheiro |
| metric adjetivo | /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ | métrico |
| gather verbo | /ˈɡæðɚ/ | colher |
| import substantivo | /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ | importados |
| basket substantivo | /ˈbæskɪt/ | cesto, cesta |
| meal substantivo | /ˈmiːl/ | refeição |
| compare verbo | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | comparar |
| guarantee substantivo | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | garantia |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | conectar |
| reward substantivo | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | recompensa |
| auction substantivo | /ˈɔkʃən/ | leilão |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| grow up verbo | crescer |
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuous have/has been + -ing — uma ação que começou antes e continua | has been foraging · has been hurting |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | were auctioned · can't be grown · be foraged |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | has declined · has plummeted |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 16 contrações e formas reduzidas, como I'm, isn't, can't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: mushroom /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/, auction /ˈɔkʃən/, dish /dɪʃ/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: legendary /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənˌdɛɹ.i/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/, symbiotic /ˌsɪm.baɪˈɑt.ɪk/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, metric /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/, import /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/, basket /ˈbæskɪt/, connect /kəˈnɛkt/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: meal /ˈmiːl/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/, volatile /ˈvɑ.lə.təl/, ample /ˈæm.pəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como harvest, mushroom, decline.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.