Практика Shadowing: Why Matsutake Mushrooms Are So Expensive | So Expensive - Изучайте разговорный английский по видео
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1
Every year, Gihei Fujara goes into the mountains hunting for this — a Masutake mushroom.
2
If the harvest is low, wholesale Masutake can cost over $500 per kilogram.
3
And over the past 70 years, Japan's harvest has declined by over 95 percent.
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Now the mushroom's future is unclear.
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So what makes these mushrooms so expensive?
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And why have they almost disappeared?
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Matsutake can't exist without trees.
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They grow connected to the roots of red pine trees in a symbiotic relationship.
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Matsutake grow in several countries, including China and South Korea.
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But Japan's fetch the highest price.
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In 2021, the season's first Matsutake were auctioned off for over $7 ,000.
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They're harvested once a year, from around September to November.
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But because the domestic harvest in Japan has plummeted, the price is volatile.
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Unlike other prized foods, it's not a problem of over -harvesting.
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It's a problem of changing habitat.
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Matsutake can't be grown on farms.
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They have to be foraged by hand.
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But foraging is no easy task.
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Gihie Fujara has been foraging Matsutake for over 60 years.
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There's a lot of anticipation leading up to each harvest season.
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Yeah.
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Gihei forages from dawn till dusk, returning home around midday to empty out his baskets.
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Even for someone with his experience, it can be hard to predict the quality of a harvest.
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Even with a good harvest, these mushrooms are difficult to find.
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They blend in with the forest floor and often don't grow at the base of a tree.
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Knowing where to look is a result of decades of foraging on this mountain.
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I feel like it's a good day to go to the beach.
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It's a good day here.
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It's a good day to go to the beach.
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I'm going to go to the mountain and I'm going to do things like that.
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I'm going to go to the beach
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and I'm going to go to the beach and I'm going to go to the beach.
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I'm still going to use it.
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It's exhausting work.
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But today Gihei is rewarded, filling several baskets each trip.
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But his work isn't over when the harvest ends.
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In the off -season, Gihei goes back to the mountain and tries to cultivate Matsutake. or do a trimakaki.
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Gihei also tries to spread the spores of Matsutake to help them grow.
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But cultivating Matsutake this way takes around five years, and success isn't guaranteed.
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Even though this year was a big harvest, the long -term trend is in decline.
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In 1953, Japan harvested around 6400 metric tons of Matsutake.
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But in 2019, it harvested only 14 metric tons.
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One of the biggest reasons for this decline is a change in how forests are maintained.
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and the trees were all gathered and gathered up to the trees.
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And then the Matsu -take grew up and grew up.
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Matsutake also grows best with red pine trees that are a few decades old.
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But over the past century, an invasive pest called Pinewood Nematode has been hurting the growth of red pine trees throughout Japan pan.
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Without the trees, Masutake won't be able to survive.
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The mushrooms also need ample rainfall and cool temperatures early in the season.
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All of these factors create a delicate balance for Masutake.
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Harvests vary widely each year, which causes big changes in price.
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In 2018, prices were 20 to 50 percent lower than the year before because of a good harvest.
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But in 2019, when there was a period of dry weather, prices almost doubled, reaching over $800 per kilogram in some parts of Japan.
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Today, Japan imports over 90 % of its Masutaki from places like
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China and South Korea.
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In 2019, only around 14 of the 1 ,000 metric tons consumed were harvested domestically.
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Imported Matsutake are more affordable compared to the ones grown in Japan.
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But some people consider these mushrooms to be less fresh and not as flavorful.
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Matsutake with a closed cap are often considered to be the most valuable.
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But different sizes are used in different types of dishes.
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A full course meal at this inn costs around $130.
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This season is one of the most fun things we can do in this season.
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I think it's a fun idea to make a fun idea.
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For Japanese people, it's a贅 of Masutake in the summer, but everyone wants to eat it once again.
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Due to the declining harvest, Masutake mushrooms were listed as vulnerable in 2020.
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But the species isn't gone yet.
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But if its growth and environment aren't sustained, this legendary mushroom likely won't get cheaper anytime soon.
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Лексика и советы по произношению к этому уроку
Этот урок разговорной практики построен на видео «Why Matsutake Mushrooms Are So Expensive». Чаще всего повторяются слова: Matsutake, harvest, tree, mushroom, Masutake. В этом видео 67 предложений и 740 слов для шедоуинга. Речь длится 7:47. Говорящий говорит медленно, около 95 слов в минуту, поэтому есть время повторить каждый звук. Только 77% слов входят в 3000 самых частых слов английского языка, поэтому лексика сложная.
Ключевая лексика этого видео
15 слов из видео, которые стоит выучить, с произношением и значением:
| Слово | Произношение | Значение |
|---|---|---|
| harvest существительное | /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ | жа́тва, страда́ |
| mushroom существительное | /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/ | грибни́ца |
| decline глагол | /dɪˈklaɪn/ | спада́ть |
| ton существительное | /tʌn/ | то́нна |
| pine существительное | /paɪn/ | сосна́ |
| metric прилагательное | /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ | метри́ческий |
| gather глагол | /ˈɡæðɚ/ | собира́ть, собра́ть |
| import существительное | /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ | и́мпорт |
| basket существительное | /ˈbæskɪt/ | корзи́на, луко́шко |
| meal существительное | /ˈmiːl/ | еда́, пи́ща |
| compare глагол | /kəmˈpɛɚ/ | сра́внивать, сравни́ть |
| guarantee существительное | /ˌɡæɹ.ənˈtiː/ | гара́нтия, пору́ка |
| connect глагол | /kəˈnɛkt/ | свя́зывать, связа́ть |
| reward существительное | /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ | награ́да, вознагражде́ние |
| auction существительное | /ˈɔkʃən/ | аукцио́н |
Фразовые глаголы, которые вы услышите
| Слово | Значение |
|---|---|
| grow up глагол | расти́, выраста́ть |
Грамматика в этом видео
Конструкции, которые говорящий использует чаще всего, с точными словами из видео:
| Конструкция | В видео |
|---|---|
| Present Perfect Continuous have/has been + -ing — действие началось раньше и продолжается | has been foraging · has been hurting |
| Пассивный залог be + причастие прошедшего времени — важно, что происходит, а не кто это делает | were auctioned · can't be grown · be foraged |
| Present Perfect have/has + причастие прошедшего времени — прошлое действие, важное сейчас | has declined · has plummeted |
Произношение, на которое стоит обратить внимание
Говорящий использует 16 сокращённых и редуцированных форм, например I'm, isn't, can't. Произносите их коротко, так, как слышите.
- Звуки «sh» и «zh»: mushroom /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/, auction /ˈɔkʃən/, dish /dɪʃ/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/
- Длинные слова — следите за ударением: legendary /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənˌdɛɹ.i/, affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/, anticipation /ænˌtɪs.əˈpeɪ.ʃən/, symbiotic /ˌsɪm.baɪˈɑt.ɪk/
Звуки, трудные для русскоязычных:
- /h/ — лёгкий выдох, а не русское «х»: harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/, habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/, wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/
- Звонкие согласные в конце слова — не оглушайте их: reward /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/, blend /blɛnd/, invasive /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/, forage /ˈfoɹɪd͡ʒ/
Как заниматься с этим видео
- Прослушайте всё видео один раз молча и выпишите незнакомые слова.
- Повторяйте предложение за предложением на обычной скорости, пока ваш ритм не совпадёт с ритмом говорящего.
- Запишите себя и сравните с оригиналом, обращая внимание на такие слова, как harvest, mushroom, decline.
Что такое техника Shadowing?
Shadowing — это научно обоснованная техника изучения языка, изначально разработанная для подготовки профессиональных переводчиков и популяризированная полиглотом доктором Александром Аргуэльесом. Метод прост, но эффективен: вы слушаете аудио на английском от носителей языка и немедленно повторяете вслух — как тень, следующая за говорящим с задержкой в 1–2 секунды. В отличие от пассивного прослушивания или грамматических упражнений, Shadowing заставляет мозг и мышцы рта одновременно обрабатывать и воспроизводить реальные речевые паттерны. Исследования показывают, что это значительно улучшает точность произношения, интонацию, ритм, связную речь, понимание на слух и беглость речи — что делает его одним из самых эффективных методов для подготовки к IELTS Speaking и реального общения на английском.