跟读练习: The Rise And Fall Of The Mall - 通过视频学习英语口语
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74 句
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1
This is what many of America's malls look like today.
这就是如今美国许多购物中心的样子。
2
Empty.
空。
3
Eerie.
诡异
4
Dead.
死了。
5
And while the pandemic has most people avoiding indoor gathering spaces, social distancing is not what emptied out the mall.
尽管疫情让大多数人避免前往室内聚集场所，但社交距离规定并不是导致商场空无一人的原因。
6
This footage is from 2018.
这段视频拍摄于2018年。
7
For decades, the mall was both an economic and social hub, and for many, a way of life.
几十年来，购物中心一直是经济和社交的中心，对许多人来说更是一种生活方式。
8
Now many malls in the United States have either collapsed or are on the verge.
如今，美国的许多购物中心要么已经倒闭，要么正濒临倒闭。
9
So how did we go from this to this?
那我们是怎么从这一步走到这一步的？
10
The story of the mall begins in the 1950s, when America was experiencing an unprecedented economic boom.
这家购物中心的故事始于20世纪50年代，当时美国正经历着前所未有的经济繁荣。
11
The middle class had more money to spend than ever before, and they were spending it on houses and cars.
中产阶级的可支配收入比以往任何时候都多，他们把钱花在了买房和买车上。
12
Along with this came Eisenhower's Federal Aid Highway Act, which meant that people could drive to their jobs in the cities while living in a new kind of development, the suburbs.
随之而来的还有艾森豪威尔签署的《联邦资助公路法案》，这意味着人们可以住在一种新型住宅区——郊区，同时开车前往市区上班。
13
Suburban populations rose astronomically, but they lacked what sociologist Ray Oldenburg called third places.
郊区人口数量出现了爆发式增长，但这些社区却缺少社会学家雷·奥尔登堡所说的“第三空间”。
14
Under this model, home is the first place where you live, the second place is the the workplace.
在这种模式下，家是人们的第一生活场所，而工作场所是第二生活场所。
15
And third places are the vital spaces where people go to exchange ideas, form relationships, and create communities.
而第三空间是人们交流思想、建立人际关系、构建社群的重要场所。
16
This could be a park, a bar, or in today's times, social media platforms.
这可以是公园、酒吧，或者在当今时代，社交媒体平台。
17
In other words, the third place is a place to hang out.
换句话说，第三空间就是一个可以休闲放松的地方。
18
Enter Victor Gruen, a man who had later become the king of retail for the era.
这时登场的是维克多·格伦，他后来成为那个时代的零售业之王。
19
Gruen, who ironically was a staunch socialist, had already made a name for himself in America designing in boutique shops and storefronts,
颇具讽刺意味的是，格伦本是一位坚定的社会主义者，却早已在美国因设计精品店和店面而声名鹊起。
20
but now wanted to create something far more ambitious, an indoor downtown.
但现在他们想打造一个更具雄心的项目——一座室内市中心。
21
And what would prove to be his boldest and most enduring project yet, Gruen set about designing the mall.
而后来被证明是他迄今为止最大胆、最具持久影响力的项目的，便是格伦着手设计的购物中心。
22
On October 8th 1956, America's first indoor mall, the Southdale Center in Adena, Minnesota opened its doors.
1956年10月8日，美国第一家室内购物中心——位于明尼苏达州埃迪纳的南谷购物中心正式开业。
23
Like no building ever constructed before, the Southdale Center not only had shops but fountains, art installations, a bird sanctuary,
和以往建造的所有建筑都不同，南谷购物中心不仅设有商铺，还配有喷泉、艺术装置和鸟类保护区。
24
and a sprawling courtyard, all within a single indoor complex.
还有一片开阔的庭院，所有设施都位于同一个室内综合建筑内。
25
The mall received mostly rave reviews, deeming it an attraction on par with Disneyland, which had just opened a year earlier in 1955.
该购物中心获得了绝大多数好评，被认为是一处与迪士尼乐园不相上下的景点，而后者仅在一年前的1955年刚刚开业。
26
Walt Disney himself even cited Gruen as his main influence for the ideas behind Epcot.
华特·迪士尼本人甚至表示，格鲁恩是其Epcot背后设计理念的主要灵感来源。
27
With Southdale all over the news, everyone wanted to go to the mall.
随着Southdale频频登上新闻头条，所有人都想去这家购物中心看看。
28
Malls began springing up in every American suburb, along with large shopping center-mall hybrids and everything in between.
购物中心开始如雨后春笋般出现在美国的每一个郊区，同时还出现了大型购物中心与商场的混合业态，以及介于两者之间的各种商业形态。
29
By 1960, just four years after Gruen's first mall, there were 4,500 large shopping complexes in the United States,
到1960年，也就是格鲁恩建成第一座购物中心仅仅四年之后，美国就已经有4500个大型购物中心了。
30
which averages to at least three new shopping centers opening every day.
平均下来每天至少有三家新购物中心开业。
31
By 1975, malls and shopping centers accounted for 33% of all retail sales in America.
到1975年，购物中心和商场占美国零售总额的33%。
32
But Gruen's utopian vision for the mall had not been realized.
但格伦对购物中心的乌托邦式愿景并未实现。
33
food courts were installed where courtyards were supposed to be, instead of cosmopolitan communities, developers often surrounded malls with enormous parking lots and suburban housing projects,
原本规划为庭院的区域被改建成了美食广场；开发商没有打造国际化社区，反而往往在商场周围建起大型停车场和郊区住宅项目。
34
exactly what Gruen was trying to thwart.
这正是格伦竭力想要阻止的事情。
35
Whereas the mall was designed to be the communal remedy for suburban individualism, it instead became its most potent catalyst.
尽管该购物中心最初的设计初衷是作为解决郊区个人主义问题的公共方案，它最终却反而成为了助长这种个人主义最有力的推手。
36
and the 1980s began the mall's golden age.
20世纪80年代，购物中心迎来了它的黄金时代。
37
I hate work in the theater.
我讨厌在剧院工作。
38
All the actions on the other side of the mall.
所有活动都在商场的另一侧进行。
39
Shopping complexes continued to build at a rate of over 1,000 per year.
购物中心仍以每年超过1000家的速度持续兴建。
40
And in 1986, Consumer Reports named the shopping mall, alongside the birth control pill, antibiotics, and the personal computer,
而在1986年，《消费者报告》将这家购物中心与避孕药、抗生素和个人电脑一同列入榜单。
41
one of the top 50 wonders that has revolutionized the lives of consumers.
彻底改变了消费者生活的五十大奇迹之一
42
Movies, board games, and even concert tours all centered around the mall.
电影、桌游乃至巡回演唱会都以购物中心为核心主题。
43
Edie's teenagers even looked at the mall as a place to which they could escape and socialize, as was epitomized in the cult classic movie Mallrats.
伊迪的孩子们甚至把购物中心看作是一个可以逃离日常、进行社交的场所，这一点在邪典经典电影《耍酷一族》中得到了集中体现。
44
I loved the smell of commerce in the morning.
我喜欢清晨那股商业活动的气息。
45
The American mall would reach its peak in 1992 with its final evolution, the Mega Mall.
美国购物中心在1992年迎来巅峰，其最终形态是大型购物中心。
46
Fittingly, in the same state as America's first mall, the Mall of America in Bloomington, spans a whopping 5.6 million square feet,
巧合的是，坐落着美国第一家购物中心的明尼苏达州，还拥有位于布卢明顿的美国购物中心，其总面积高达560万平方英尺。
47
with over 500 stores, a theme park with 27 rides, an aquarium, a wedding chapel, and a movie theater.
拥有超过500家门店、一座设有27个游乐设施的主题公园、一个水族馆、一座婚礼教堂以及一家电影院。
48
The Mega Mall was immensely profitable.
那家大型购物中心的盈利极为可观。
49
Reports showed that consumers were 50% more likely to buy something at an attraction-filled Mega Mall than at a regular mall,
报告显示，消费者在游乐设施齐全的大型购物中心购物的概率比在普通购物中心高出50%。
50
leading to several more Mega Malls being built across the 50 states.
随后又有多家大型购物中心在全美50个州陆续建成。
51
But Mega Mall's gargantuan size, coupled with an unsustainable rate of construction, would lead to the collapse of the mall itself.
但巨型购物中心庞大的规模，再加上不可持续的建设速度，最终导致了该购物中心自身的倒闭。
52
Although thousands of malls of all different shapes and sizes were built in the latter half of the 20th century, the basic mall layout had remained the same since 1956.
尽管在20世纪下半叶建造了数千座形状各异、大小不一的购物中心，但购物中心的基本布局自1956年以来一直没有改变。
53
Two large department stores at either end, connected by smaller shops in between.
两端各有一家大型百货商店，中间由一众小型店铺相连。
54
The bookending department stores are known as anchor stores and serve as the main attractions for the rest of the mall.
位于两端的百货商店被称为主力店，是吸引顾客前往商场其他区域的主要核心。
55
With so many malls being built in close proximity to one another, the newer malls would often poach the department stores from the older ones nearby.
由于众多商场选址密集、彼此相邻，新建商场往往会从附近的老牌商场挖走入驻的百货公司。
56
Stores like Macy's or Sears would relocate to bigger, more popular roller coaster riding mall locations,
像梅西百货或西尔斯这样的商店会搬迁到规模更大、更受欢迎、设有过山车项目的商场选址。
57
and the older malls without their anchors would be left to drift away and drown.
那些失去主力店的老牌购物中心将逐渐走向衰败，最终被市场淘汰。
58
As the 2000s progressed, consumer habits shifted away from the department store altogether.
进入2000年代后，消费者的购物习惯逐渐完全脱离了百货商店。
59
Macy's, for instance, has been steadily closing stores since 2005, most of them in malls.
例如，梅西百货自2005年以来一直在稳步关闭门店，其中大部分位于购物中心内。
60
Department store-sized vacancies are difficult to refill, and with other, better malls often nearby, there is little that can be done to save a failing mall,
百货商场规模的空置铺位很难重新招租，而且附近往往还有其他更优质的购物中心，几乎没有什么办法能挽救一家经营不善的商场。
61
which is why hundreds of malls have already been pronounced dead.
正因如此，已有数百家购物中心被宣告倒闭。
62
The dead mall has even become its own aesthetic, capturing the imaginations of several internet photographers and filmmakers.
这些死气沉沉的购物中心甚至形成了一种独特的美学风格，激发了众多网络摄影师和电影制作人的创作灵感。
63
The 2017 Credit Suisse report estimated that one in four U.S malls would close by 2022.
瑞士信贷2017年的报告曾估计，到2022年美国将有四分之一的购物中心关闭。
64
As foot traffic declined, developers believed the future of the mall to be less about shopping
随着客流量下降，开发商认为该购物中心的未来将不再以购物为主。
65
and more about the extravagant experiences offered by the biggest mega malls — bowling alleys,
还有关于那些超大型购物中心提供的奢华体验的更多介绍——保龄球馆、
66
laser tag, go-karts, and other activities that could only be found outside the house.
激光枪战、卡丁车以及其他只能在户外进行的活动。
67
Investors were hopeful that this would be achieved with the creation of the American Dream Mega Mall in East Rutherford, New Jersey.
投资者曾希望，新泽西州东卢瑟福的美国梦超级购物中心的建成能够实现这一目标。
68
Opened in 2019, this behemoth houses not only a theme park, but also a water park, an ice rink, and an indoor skiing complex.
这座巨型建筑于2019年开业，内部不仅设有主题公园，还拥有水上乐园、溜冰场和室内滑雪综合体。
69
But in a world of social distancing, even America's most spectacular malls are floundering.
但在这个需要保持社交距离的世界里，即便是美国最气派的购物中心也在苦苦支撑。
70
As of June 2020, the Mall Mall of America was unable to meet its billion-dollar mortgage payments for the second straight month,
截至2020年6月，美国购物中心已连续第二个月无法支付其十亿美元的抵押贷款。
71
and the American Dream had laid off 100 employees.
而“美国梦”已经裁员100人。
72
Will malls ever recover their mainstay status in American culture, or will we look to new types of third places in our post-pandemic future?
购物中心能否重新恢复其在美国文化中的支柱地位，还是在后疫情时代，我们会转向新型的第三空间？
73
Only time will tell, but one thing is certain, there is plenty of space for something new.
只有时间能给出答案，但有一点是肯定的：新事物的发展空间十分广阔。
74
We reached out to the Mall of America and the American Dream Mega Mall, but received no response.
我们已联系美国购物中心和美国梦超级购物中心，但尚未收到回复。
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为何这个视频是绝佳的口语练习素材？
视频以"美国商场的兴衰"为主题，内容兼具故事性与实用性，涵盖历史、社会等多元话题，非常适合雅思口语练习。其语言风格口语化且逻辑清晰，从描述场景（"Empty. Eerie. Dead."）到分析原因，句式丰富多变，能帮助学习者掌握不同语境下的表达技巧。此外，视频中包含大量地道短语（如"on the verge"、"springing up"），是看视频学英语的优质素材。
拆解地道表达，学习自然口语
- "This is what many of America's malls look like today. Empty. Eerie. Dead." 三个形容词独立成句，增强画面感与冲击力。口语中适当使用短句，能让表达更生动，避免冗长。
- "Whereas the mall was designed to be the communal remedy for suburban individualism, it instead became its most potent catalyst." "whereas"表转折，"remedy for"和"potent catalyst"的对比，精准传达观点。学习此类逻辑连接词与抽象名词搭配，可提升口语的深度。
- "Consumers were 50% more likely to buy something at an attraction-filled Mega Mall than at a regular mall." "be more likely to"是口语中常用的表达概率的结构，"attraction-filled"为复合形容词，简洁形象。掌握这类实用句式，能让描述更具体。
影子跟读练习步骤，提升口语流畅度
利用该视频进行英语影子跟读，可遵循以下步骤：
1. 先完整观看视频，理解内容大意；
2. 选取1-2分钟片段，逐句播放，暂停后模仿发音、语调与节奏，重复3-5次；
3. 尝试同步跟读（影子练习），专注于语速与连读；
4. 录音对比，找出与原音的差距，重点修正弱读、重读等细节。
坚持每天15分钟，结合英语口语练习，可快速提升口语的自然度与流畅性。
视频中的语法
说话人最常用的结构，并附上视频中的原话：
| 结构 | 视频中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被动语态 be + 过去分词 — 强调发生了什么，而不是谁做的 | had not been realized · were installed · was designed |
| 现在完成时 have/has + 过去分词 — 过去发生但与现在仍有关联的事 | has revolutionized · has been · have already been pronounced |
什么是跟读法？
跟读法 (Shadowing) 是一种有科学依据的语言学习技巧，最初开发用于专业口译员的培训，并由多语言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。这个方法简单而强大：您在听英语母语原声的同时立即大声重复——就像是一个延迟1-2秒紧跟说话者的影子。与被动听力或语法练习不同，跟读法强迫您的大脑和口腔肌肉同时处理并模仿真实的讲话模式。研究表明它能显着提高发音准确性，语调，节奏，连读，听力理解和口语流利度——使其成为雅思口语备考和真实英语交流最有效的方法之一。