쉐도잉 연습: Would a society based on genetics be… good? | Kathryn Paige Harden - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

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Eugenics is an interesting word because it could be used to describe a number of different things.
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So one way to think about eugenics is just as selective breeding or sort of control over reproduction.
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So if we think about involuntary sterilization in Virginia in the 1920s.
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That's saying there's better people, there's worse people.
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It's on the basis of something quote -unquote genetic about them and we're gonna allocate freedoms on the basis of that hierarchy.
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Some people have reproductive autonomy, they get to choose to have children, but other people don't.
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They are involuntarily sterilized.
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So it's this control of reproduction that's coercive and is based on this idea, this hierarchy of people.
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The predominant response to the eugenic perspective has been what I call genome blindness
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and that's really the idea that we should avoid studying or talking about scientifically or politically biological or genetic differences between people.
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We can't use any genetic information to slot people into eugenic hierarchy
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if there are no genetic differences or if we insist they don't matter.
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If you ask the average American how much do you think genes influence your intelligence or personality or risk for mental illness,
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their answer is almost never zero.
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So if people already think that genes make a difference for outcomes that they care about,
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if the only people that are talking about that are the most extreme, sometimes hate -filled voices, that is a problem.
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I really worry that too much of the conversation is focused right now on on the ethics of knowledge production,
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and not enough on the brass tacks of legislation and policy at the state -by -state level.
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I have a colleague and friend here at the University of Texas who wrote a fascinating book called Predict and Surveil.
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She embedded herself with the LA Police Department for several years and looked how they saw predictive policing,
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algorithms, and data aggregation in order to police, and I would say over -police, some communities.
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And a lot of the data that they're using comes from proprietary software that's provided by for -profit companies.
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When people think about dystopian scenarios,
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I actually worry less about the overt white nationalists and more about people who know they can make money using genetic information.
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So the challenge then is how do we identify genetic differences between people?
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Even genetic differences that might have a relationship to outcomes we care about socially,
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so something like intelligence or education or impulsivity, without using them or interpreting them eugenically.
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When we think about our own intimate relationships, we can separate what makes someone valuable, worthy of freedom, worthy of resources,
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worthy of consideration of welfare, from what does our capitalist economy currently value
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and I think that's the distinction that we also need to draw between observing genetic differences versus using them eugenically.

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이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 말하기 레슨은 영상 “Would a society based on genetics be… good?”을(를) 바탕으로 합니다. 가장 자주 반복되는 단어는 다음과 같습니다: genetic, difference, eugenic, hierarchy, worthy. 이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 16개와 단어 473개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 3:17입니다. 화자는 분당 약 144단어의 일정한 속도로 말해서 섀도잉하기에 편한 속도입니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 81%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어발음뜻
hierarchy 명사/ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/계층
gene 명사/d͡ʒiːn/유전자
reproduction 명사/ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/생식
welfare 명사/ˈwɛlˌfɛɚ/행복, 복지
illness 명사/ˈɪl.nəs/질병, 병
resource 명사/ɹɪˈzɔːs/자원
versus/ˈvɝsəs/대
biological 형용사/ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/생물학의
scenario 명사/sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/각본, 대본
breed 동사/ˈbɹiːd/낳다, 새끼치다
intimate 형용사/ˈɪn.tɪ.mət/친(親)하다, 친밀(親密)하다
observe 동사/əbˈzɜːv/관찰하다
brass 명사/bɹæs/황동, 놋쇠
insist 동사/ɪnˈsɪst/주장하다
algorithm 명사/ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/알고리즘, 알고리듬

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점are involuntarily sterilized · is based
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보people that are · people who know

주의할 발음

화자는 don't, can't, gonna 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 6번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

  • “th” 소리: worthy /ˈwɝ.ði/, ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/, algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðm̩/
  • “sh”와 “zh” 소리: reproduction /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/, socially /ˈsoʊʃəli/, nationalist /ˈnæʃ.ə.nə.lɪst/
  • 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/, reproduction /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/, biological /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/, consideration /kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/, nationalist /ˈnæʃ.ə.nə.lɪst/

한국어 화자가 어려워하는 소리:

  • /f/ — ㅍ(/p/)으로 바꾸지 말고 윗니를 아랫입술에 대기: welfare /ˈwɛlˌfɛɚ/, fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/, scientifically /ˌsaɪ.ənˈtɪfɪkli/
  • /v/ — ㅂ(/b/)과 구별하기: versus /ˈvɝsəs/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/, selective /səˈlɛktɪv/, reproductive /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌktɪv/, coercive /kəʊˈɜː(ɹ)sɪv/
  • /z/ — ㅈ이 아니라 성대를 울리는 /s/: resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, observe /əbˈzɜːv/, sterilize /ˈstɛɹɪlaɪz/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

  1. 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
  2. 보통 속도로 한 문장씩 섀도잉하고, 화자의 리듬과 맞을 때까지 반복합니다.
  3. 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, hierarchy, gene, reproduction 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

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