쉐도잉 연습: How Einstein changed time forever | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think - 영상으로 영어 말하기 배우기

레슨 만드는 중...
1
We are very familiar with the idea that time flows from past to future.
2
We remember the past, we make predictions about the future.
3
We grow older, you stir cream in your coffee and it mixes up.
4
It doesn't unmix.
5
What we refer to as the classical understanding of the nature of time is still to this day our common sense view, which is that time is absolute,
6
that there's a cosmic clock out there ticking by the seconds, minutes, hours, years at the same rate for everyone.
7
All this directionality to time comes from a very fundamental idea in classical physics called the second law of thermodynamics,
8
which states that a quantity called entropy, which is a measure of the disorder of a system, always increases.
9
Einstein gave us a different view of time.
10
Einstein was forced, because of the equations of special relativity and the nature of the speed of light,
11
forced to abandon the Newtonian picture of absolute time.
12
Einstein taught us that time and space are connected.
13
So for me, a distance between two events that happen at different times, I can measure how far apart they are in space
14
and how far apart they are in time
15
but for someone else traveling past me at some fraction of
16
the speed of light in a rocket they would measure those two events as being a different distance apart
17
and the time between them being different we won't agree on distances
18
and time space and time is relative so suddenly time becomes something
19
that isn't absolute that it ticks by at different rates for different people, depending on your frame of reference, and it's malleable and it's stretchable.
20
And then Einstein follows that up with his general theory of relativity, in which he takes it a step further and says, what Newton taught us as being this invisible force of gravity,
21
pulling objects together, is really about the shape of space -time.
22
Gravity has an effect on time.
23
We will see clocks ticking by at different rates depending on where they are in Earth's gravitational field.
24
So suddenly in Einstein's world, time is not something apart from space.
25
It's something that's integral, it's part of the fabric of reality itself.
26
If we zoom into the quantum realm and you just look at the way the equations of quantum mechanics evolve in time,
27
you realise you could run the tape forwards or backwards and you wouldn't know the difference.
28
Time in the quantum world is a parameter.
29
And you say, right, if t equals 5, what will the system look like at t equals 10 seconds?
30
You can also say, what was t at 0 or at minus 5? t is just a number,
31
we can put a positive negative value to it and run our equations forward and backwards in time,
32
so they're time symmetric and that's not the way we experience time in daily life.
33
The way we see a direction in time in the quantum world is when we look, when we make a measurement, because that's when we interfere with the system.
34
My hunch is that no quantum system is isolated.
35
All quantum systems are interacting with their surroundings and it's that interaction with surroundings that gives a direction to time.
36
It loses its quantumness, and that's because it's becoming increasingly entangled with its surroundings,
37
in the same way that a hot object placed in a freezer will lose its heat.
38
It's equilibrating with its surroundings in terms of temperature.
39
In the quantum world, the quantum system is equilibrating with its surroundings in terms of information exchange.
40
It will be hugely profound and exciting
41
if we can see a direction to time emerging from the quantum realm this new area that we're calling quantum thermodynamics.
📺 같은 채널
Why successful people set habits, not just goals | Wendy WoodC1
7

Why successful people set habits, not just goals | Wendy Wood

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big ThinkC1
63

What science can’t answer, according to physicist Jim Al-Khalili | Big Think

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Your genes affect your education. Here’s why that’s controversial. | Kathryn Paige HardenC1
5

Your genes affect your education. Here’s why that’s controversial. | Kathryn Paige Harden

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Hit peak performance with the power of habit | Wendy WoodC1
4

Hit peak performance with the power of habit | Wendy Wood

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
What happens to your brain when you’re dreamingC1
1

What happens to your brain when you’re dreaming

Cornel West: How Intellectuals Betrayed the Poor | Big ThinkC1
1

Cornel West: How Intellectuals Betrayed the Poor | Big Think

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
A mind-blowing explanation of symmetry | Frank Wilczek for Big ThinkC1
3

A mind-blowing explanation of symmetry | Frank Wilczek for Big Think

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
How evolution works, in 54 minutes | Sean B. Carroll: Full InterviewC1
1

How evolution works, in 54 minutes | Sean B. Carroll: Full Interview

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
How do elite performers automate their habits? | Wendy WoodB2
3

How do elite performers automate their habits? | Wendy Wood

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
What if quantum physics could eradicate illness? | Jim Al-Khalili for Big ThinkC1
3

What if quantum physics could eradicate illness? | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Why softness beats stress | Giulia EndersB2
1

Why softness beats stress | Giulia Enders

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Your brain wasn't built to hold this much information | Richard CytowicC1
3

Your brain wasn't built to hold this much information | Richard Cytowic

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Who decides what is socially “normal”? | Christine EmbaB2
3

Who decides what is socially “normal”? | Christine Emba

Daily ConversationUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Harvard negotiator explains how to argue | Dan ShapiroC1
20

Harvard negotiator explains how to argue | Dan Shapiro

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Curiosity Is a Superpower — If You Have the Courage to Use It | Big ThinkB2
3

Curiosity Is a Superpower — If You Have the Courage to Use It | Big Think

Business EnglishDaily ConversationUniversity Students
Einstein’s beef with quantum physics, explained | Jim Al-Khalili for Big ThinkC1
7

Einstein’s beef with quantum physics, explained | Jim Al-Khalili for Big Think

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Physicist Brian Cox explains quantum physics in 22 minutesC1
2

Physicist Brian Cox explains quantum physics in 22 minutes

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Keep your brain from declining after age 30C1
9

Keep your brain from declining after age 30

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
A neuroscientist’s guide to reclaiming your brain | Nicole VignolaC1
4

A neuroscientist’s guide to reclaiming your brain | Nicole Vignola

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
Expand your perception. Change your life. | Dr. Jill Bolte TaylorC1
6

Expand your perception. Change your life. | Dr. Jill Bolte Taylor

Business EnglishUniversity StudentsWorking Adults
✨ 추천 영상
We Know More About Time Than You ThinkC1
9
197 문장

We Know More About Time Than You Think

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Why Does Time Stop at the SPEED OF LIGHT? Feynman's Mind-Blowing TruthC1
6
224 문장

Why Does Time Stop at the SPEED OF LIGHT? Feynman's Mind-Blowing Truth

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Albert Einstein | The Humorous Humanitarian | BiographyC1
2
57 문장

Albert Einstein | The Humorous Humanitarian | Biography

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
The Professor Who Taught People How To Think (1962)C1
552 문장

The Professor Who Taught People How To Think (1962)

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Neil deGrasse Tyson: Isaac Newton is #1C1
2
28 문장

Neil deGrasse Tyson: Isaac Newton is #1

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
The paradox at the heart of AI and science | Terence TaoC1
3
393 문장

The paradox at the heart of AI and science | Terence Tao

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Human Immortality 4K | Can Science Defeat Aging?C1
2
530 문장

Human Immortality 4K | Can Science Defeat Aging?

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Let's Make Earth Twice as Large!C1
4
15 문장

Let's Make Earth Twice as Large!

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
We Found Galaxies Too Old for the UniverseC1
2
47 문장

We Found Galaxies Too Old for the Universe

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students
Superfluid Dark MatterC1
6
73 문장

Superfluid Dark Matter

IELTS PrepTOEFL PrepUniversity Students

이 레슨의 어휘와 말하기 포인트

이 영상에는 섀도잉할 문장 41개와 단어 627개가 있습니다. 말하는 구간의 길이는 3:58입니다. 화자는 분당 약 158단어로, 일상 대화에 가까운 자연스러운 속도로 말합니다. 영어에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 3,000단어에 속하는 단어가 80%뿐이라 어휘가 어려운 편입니다.

이 영상의 핵심 어휘

영상에 나오는 익혀 둘 만한 단어 15개를 발음, 뜻과 함께 정리했습니다.

단어발음뜻
surroundings 명사/səˈɹaʊndɪŋz/주위
equation 명사/ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/방정식
tick 명사/tɪk/진드기
depend 동사/dɪˈpɛnd/의존하다, ...에 달려 있다
relative 명사/ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/친척
refer 동사/ɹɪˈfɜː/언급하다
physics 명사/ˈfɪz.ɪks/물리학, 물리
connect 동사/kəˈnɛkt/잇다, 연결하다
fundamental 형용사/ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/기본적
disorder 명사/dɪsˈɔɹdɚ/혼란
rocket 명사/ˈɹɑk.ɪt/로켓, 로켓트
interaction 명사/ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/상호작용
invisible 형용사/ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/보이지 않
quantity 명사/ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/양, 량
measurement 명사/ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/측정

이 영상의 문법

화자가 가장 많이 쓰는 문형을 영상 속 실제 표현과 함께 정리했습니다.

문형영상 속 표현
수동태 be + 과거분사 — 누가 하는지보다 무슨 일이 일어나는지에 초점was forced · are connected · is isolated
관계절 who / which + 절 — 사람이나 사물에 대한 추가 정보view, which is · entropy, which is

주의할 발음

화자는 doesn't, isn't, they're 같은 축약형과 약화된 형태를 6번 사용합니다. 들리는 대로 짧게 발음하세요.

  • “sh”와 “zh” 소리: equation /ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, measurement /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/, fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/, prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/
  • 긴 단어 — 강세 위치에 주의: fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/, interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/, invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/, parameter /pəˈɹæm.ə.tɚ/, equilibrate /iːkwɪˈlɪbɹeɪt/

이 영상으로 연습하는 방법

  1. 먼저 말하지 않고 영상을 끝까지 듣고 모르는 단어를 적어 둡니다.
  2. 0.75배속으로 한 문장씩 섀도잉을 시작하고, 익숙해지면 보통 속도로 돌아갑니다.
  3. 자신의 목소리를 녹음해 원본과 비교하고, surroundings, equation, tick 같은 단어에 특히 주의합니다.

쉐도잉이란? 영어 실력을 빠르게 키우는 과학적 방법

쉐도잉(Shadowing)은 원래 전문 통역사 훈련을 위해 개발된 언어 학습 기법으로, 다언어 학자인 Dr. Alexander Arguelles에 의해 대중화된 방법입니다. 핵심 원리는 간단하지만 매우 강력합니다: 원어민의 영어를 들으면서 1~2초의 짧은 지연으로 즉시 소리 내어 따라 말하는 것——마치 '그림자(shadow)'처럼 화자를 따라가는 것입니다. 문법 공부나 수동적인 청취와 달리, 쉐도잉은 뇌와 입 근육이 동시에 실시간으로 영어를 처리하고 재현하도록 훈련합니다. 연구에 따르면 이 방법은 발음 정확도, 억양, 리듬, 연음, 청취력, 말하기 유창성을 크게 향상시킵니다. IELTS 스피킹 준비와 자연스러운 영어 소통을 원하는 분들에게 특히 효과적입니다.

섀도잉 방법: 단계별 전체 가이드 읽기 →