Shadowing Practice: Cambridge 19 Listening Test 4 Part 4 - Learn English Speaking with Video
Les maken...
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Part 4.
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You will hear part of an environmental studies lecture on tree planting.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Tree planting now dominates political and popular agendas and is often presented as an easy answer to the climate crisis,
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as well as a way for business corporations to offset their carbon emissions.
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But unfortunately, tree planting isn't as straightforward as some people think.
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When the wrong trees are planted in the wrong place,
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it can do considerably more damage than good,
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failing to help either people or the environment.
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Reforestation projects are currently being undertaken on a huge scale in many countries,
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and it's crucial that the right trees are selected.
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A mix of species should always be planted,
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typical of the local natural forest ecosystem and including rare and endangered species in order to create a rich ecosystem.
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It's important to avoid non-native species that could become invasive.
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Invasive species are a significant contributor to the current global biodiversity crisis
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and are often in competition with native species and may threaten their long term survival.
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Restoring biodiversity that will maximise carbon capture is key when reforesting an area,
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but ideally any reforestation project should have several goals.
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These could include selecting trees that can contribute to wildlife conservation,
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improve the availability of food for the local community and maintain the stability of soil systems.
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Meeting as many of these goals as possible,
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whilst doing no harm to local communities,
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native ecosystems and vulnerable species,
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is the sign of a highly successful tree planting scheme.
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To ensure the survival and resilience of a planted forest,
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it's vital to use tree seeds with appropriate levels of genetic diversity,
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the amount of genetic variation found within a species essential for their survival.
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Using seeds with low genetic diversity generally lowers the resilience of restored forests,
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which can make them vulnerable to disease and unable to adapt to climate change.
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Choosing the right location for reforestation projects is as important as choosing the right trees.
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Ultimately, the best area for planting trees would be informally forested areas that are in poor condition.
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It's better to avoid non-forested landscapes,
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such as natural grasslands, savannas or wetlands,
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as these ecosystems already contribute greatly to capturing carbon.
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It would also be advantageous to choose an area where trees could provide other benefits,
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such as recreational spaces.
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Reforesting areas which are currently exploited for agriculture should be avoided,
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as this often leads to other areas being deforested.
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Large scale reforestation projects require careful planning.
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Making the right decisions about where to plant trees depends on having the right information.
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Having detailed and up-to-date maps identifying high priority areas for intervention is essential.
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Drone technology is a useful tool in helping to prioritise and monitor areas of degraded forest for restoration.
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In Brazil, it's being used to identify and quantify how parts of the Amazon are being devastated by human activities,
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such as rearing cattle and illegal logging.
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A good example of where the right trees were picked to
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achieve a restored forest is in in Lampang province in northern Thailand.
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A previously forested site, which had been degraded through mining,
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was reforested by a cement company,
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together with Chiang Mai University.
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After spreading 60 centimetres of topsoil,
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they planted 14 different native tree species,
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which included several species of fig.
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Figs are a keystone species because of the critical role they play in maintaining wildlife populations.
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They are central to tropical reforestation projects as they accelerate the speed of the recovery process by attracting animals
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and birds which act as natural seed dispersers.
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This helps to promote diversity through the healthy regrowth of a wide range of plant species.
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Unlike the majority of fruit trees,
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figs bear fruit all year round,
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providing a reliable food source for many species.
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At this site, for example,
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after only three rainy seasons,
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monkeys started visiting to eat the fig fruits,
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naturally dispersing seeds through defecation.
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Reforestation projects should always aim to make sure that local communities are consulted and involved in the decision-making process.
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The restoration of mangrove forests in Madagascar is an example of a project
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which has succeeded in creating real benefits for the community.
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Destruction of the mangrove forests had a terrible impact on plant and animal life and also badly affected the fishing industry,
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which was a major source of employment for local people living in coastal areas.
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The reforestation project involved hiring local people to plant and care for the new mangrove trees.
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Millions of mangrove trees have now been planted,
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which has resulted in the return of a healthy aquatic ecosystem.
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The mangroves also act as a defence against the increased threat of flooding caused by climate change.
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What's more, the local economy is more stable and thousands more Madagascans are now able to send their children to school.
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One other important point to consider...
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “Cambridge 19 Listening Test 4 Part 4”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: tree, species, project, reforestation, forest. Deze video bevat 76 zinnen en 827 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 8:21. De spreker praat langzaam, ongeveer 99 woorden per minuut, zodat je tijd hebt om elke klank na te doen. Slechts 77% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| reforestation zelfstandig naamwoord | herbebossing | |
| mangrove zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈmæŋɡɹoʊ̯v/ | mangrove |
| ecosystem zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | ecosysteem |
| reforest werkwoord | herbebossen | |
| biodiversity zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/ | biodiversiteit, soortenrijkdom |
| degrade werkwoord | /dɪˈɡɹeɪd/ | degraderen, aftakelen |
| resilience zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/ | veerkracht, herstellingsvermogen |
| centimetre zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsɛn.tɪ.miː.tə/ | centimeter |
| defecation zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌdɛfɪˈkeɪʃən/ | stoelgang |
| deforest werkwoord | /dɪˈfɒɹɪst/ | ontbossen |
| disperse werkwoord | /dɪˈspɝs/ | verstrooien |
| grassland zelfstandig naamwoord | grasland | |
| informally bijwoord | informeel | |
| keystone zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkiː.stəʊn/ | sluitsteen |
| quantify werkwoord | /ˈkwɑn.tɪˌfaɪ/ | kwantificeren |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is often presented · are planted · are selected |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | has succeeded · have now been planted · has resulted |
Uitspraak om op te letten
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: defecation /ˌdɛfɪˈkeɪʃən/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, advantageous /ˌædvənˈteɪd͡ʒ(i)əs/, centimetre /ˈsɛn.tɪ.miː.tə/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: mangrove /ˈmæŋɡɹoʊ̯v/, degrade /dɪˈɡɹeɪd/, invasive /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/, maximize /ˈmæksəmaɪz/, devastated /ˈdɛv.əˌsteɪ.təd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: mangrove /ˈmæŋɡɹoʊ̯v/, advantageous /ˌædvənˈteɪd͡ʒ(i)əs/, savanna /səˈvænə/, maximize /ˈmæksəmaɪz/, adapt /əˈdæpt/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: mangrove /ˈmæŋɡɹoʊ̯v/, degrade /dɪˈɡɹeɪd/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als reforestation, mangrove, ecosystem.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.