跟讀練習: Cambridge 19 Listening Test 4 Part 4 - 通過影片學習英語口語
選擇練習模式
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76 句
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Part 4.
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You will hear part of an environmental studies lecture on tree planting.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Tree planting now dominates political and popular agendas and is often presented as an easy answer to the climate crisis,
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as well as a way for business corporations to offset their carbon emissions.
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But unfortunately, tree planting isn't as straightforward as some people think.
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When the wrong trees are planted in the wrong place,
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it can do considerably more damage than good,
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failing to help either people or the environment.
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Reforestation projects are currently being undertaken on a huge scale in many countries,
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and it's crucial that the right trees are selected.
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A mix of species should always be planted,
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typical of the local natural forest ecosystem and including rare and endangered species in order to create a rich ecosystem.
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It's important to avoid non-native species that could become invasive.
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Invasive species are a significant contributor to the current global biodiversity crisis
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and are often in competition with native species and may threaten their long term survival.
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Restoring biodiversity that will maximise carbon capture is key when reforesting an area,
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but ideally any reforestation project should have several goals.
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These could include selecting trees that can contribute to wildlife conservation,
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improve the availability of food for the local community and maintain the stability of soil systems.
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Meeting as many of these goals as possible,
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whilst doing no harm to local communities,
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native ecosystems and vulnerable species,
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is the sign of a highly successful tree planting scheme.
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To ensure the survival and resilience of a planted forest,
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it's vital to use tree seeds with appropriate levels of genetic diversity,
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the amount of genetic variation found within a species essential for their survival.
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Using seeds with low genetic diversity generally lowers the resilience of restored forests,
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which can make them vulnerable to disease and unable to adapt to climate change.
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Choosing the right location for reforestation projects is as important as choosing the right trees.
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Ultimately, the best area for planting trees would be informally forested areas that are in poor condition.
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It's better to avoid non-forested landscapes,
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such as natural grasslands, savannas or wetlands,
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as these ecosystems already contribute greatly to capturing carbon.
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It would also be advantageous to choose an area where trees could provide other benefits,
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such as recreational spaces.
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Reforesting areas which are currently exploited for agriculture should be avoided,
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as this often leads to other areas being deforested.
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Large scale reforestation projects require careful planning.
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Making the right decisions about where to plant trees depends on having the right information.
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Having detailed and up-to-date maps identifying high priority areas for intervention is essential.
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Drone technology is a useful tool in helping to prioritise and monitor areas of degraded forest for restoration.
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In Brazil, it's being used to identify and quantify how parts of the Amazon are being devastated by human activities,
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such as rearing cattle and illegal logging.
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A good example of where the right trees were picked to
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achieve a restored forest is in in Lampang province in northern Thailand.
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A previously forested site, which had been degraded through mining,
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was reforested by a cement company,
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together with Chiang Mai University.
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After spreading 60 centimetres of topsoil,
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they planted 14 different native tree species,
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which included several species of fig.
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Figs are a keystone species because of the critical role they play in maintaining wildlife populations.
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They are central to tropical reforestation projects as they accelerate the speed of the recovery process by attracting animals
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and birds which act as natural seed dispersers.
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This helps to promote diversity through the healthy regrowth of a wide range of plant species.
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Unlike the majority of fruit trees,
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figs bear fruit all year round,
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providing a reliable food source for many species.
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At this site, for example,
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after only three rainy seasons,
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monkeys started visiting to eat the fig fruits,
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naturally dispersing seeds through defecation.
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Reforestation projects should always aim to make sure that local communities are consulted and involved in the decision-making process.
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The restoration of mangrove forests in Madagascar is an example of a project
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which has succeeded in creating real benefits for the community.
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Destruction of the mangrove forests had a terrible impact on plant and animal life and also badly affected the fishing industry,
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which was a major source of employment for local people living in coastal areas.
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The reforestation project involved hiring local people to plant and care for the new mangrove trees.
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Millions of mangrove trees have now been planted,
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which has resulted in the return of a healthy aquatic ecosystem.
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The mangroves also act as a defence against the increased threat of flooding caused by climate change.
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What's more, the local economy is more stable and thousands more Madagascans are now able to send their children to school.
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One other important point to consider...
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關於本課
在這節課中，學習者將通過聽取一段關於植樹的環境研究講座，瞭解植樹對氣候危機的影響及其複雜性。他們將練習在聆聽的同時捕捉關鍵資訊，並提高自己的英語口語能力。通過觀察和模仿講者的語速和語調，學習者可以在實際對話中應用所學的內容，提升英語口語表達的自然度。
關鍵詞彙與短語
- 植樹 (tree planting) - 指為改善環境或應對氣候變化而種植樹木的行為。
- 生態系統 (ecosystem) - 由生物和生物環境相互作用形成的自然系統。
- 非本地物種 (non-native species) - 指引入某地區的外來植物或動物，可能對當地生態造成威脅。
- 生物多樣性 (biodiversity) - 描述一個地區生物物種的豐富度和多樣性。
- 碳捕集 (carbon capture) - 指通過自然或技術手段減少二氧化碳排放的過程。
- 基因多樣性 (genetic diversity) - 指同一物種內部基因的變異程度，對物種的適應性至關重要。
- 再造林 (reforestation) - 重新種植樹木以恢復被破壞的森林區域。
- 休閒空間 (recreational spaces) - 提供公眾休閒和娛樂的場所。
練習技巧
在進行英語影子跟讀時，儘量模仿講者的語速、語調和發音。注意聽每個詞的重音和語氣變化，幫助提升英語口語練習的效果。你可以選擇暫停影片，重複講者的短語，直到能流利地跟上他們的節奏。在這樣一個 shadowing site 中與講者同步，能夠顯著提高你的英語表達能力。同時，也可以嘗試用自己的話複述講座中的內容，以增強對相關主題的理解和記憶。
影片中的語法
說話人最常用的結構，並附上影片中的原話：
| 結構 | 影片中的用法 |
|---|---|
| 被動語態 be + 過去分詞 — 強調發生了什麼，而不是誰做的 | is often presented · are planted · being undertaken |
| 現在完成時 have/has + 過去分詞 — 過去發生但與現在仍有關聯的事 | has succeeded · have now been planted · has resulted |
什麼是跟讀法？
跟讀法 (Shadowing) 是一種有科學依據的語言學習技巧，最初開發用於專業口譯員的培訓，並由多語言者Alexander Arguelles博士普及。這個方法簡單而強大：您在聽英語母語原聲的同時立即大聲重複——就像是一個延遲1-2秒緊跟說話者的影子。與被動聽力或語法練習不同，跟讀法強迫您的大腦和口腔肌肉同時處理並模模擬實的講話模式。研究表明它能顯著提高發音準確性，語調，節奏，連讀，聽力理解和口語流利度——使其成為雅思口語備考和真實英語交流最有效的方法之一。