Shadowing Practice: Cambridge 19 Listening Test 4 Part 4 - Learn English Speaking with Video
Ders oluşturuluyor...
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Part 4.
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You will hear part of an environmental studies lecture on tree planting.
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First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.
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Thank you.
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Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.
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Tree planting now dominates political and popular agendas and is often presented as an easy answer to the climate crisis,
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as well as a way for business corporations to offset their carbon emissions.
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But unfortunately, tree planting isn't as straightforward as some people think.
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When the wrong trees are planted in the wrong place,
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it can do considerably more damage than good,
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failing to help either people or the environment.
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Reforestation projects are currently being undertaken on a huge scale in many countries,
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and it's crucial that the right trees are selected.
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A mix of species should always be planted,
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typical of the local natural forest ecosystem and including rare and endangered species in order to create a rich ecosystem.
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It's important to avoid non-native species that could become invasive.
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Invasive species are a significant contributor to the current global biodiversity crisis
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and are often in competition with native species and may threaten their long term survival.
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Restoring biodiversity that will maximise carbon capture is key when reforesting an area,
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but ideally any reforestation project should have several goals.
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These could include selecting trees that can contribute to wildlife conservation,
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improve the availability of food for the local community and maintain the stability of soil systems.
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Meeting as many of these goals as possible,
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whilst doing no harm to local communities,
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native ecosystems and vulnerable species,
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is the sign of a highly successful tree planting scheme.
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To ensure the survival and resilience of a planted forest,
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it's vital to use tree seeds with appropriate levels of genetic diversity,
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the amount of genetic variation found within a species essential for their survival.
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Using seeds with low genetic diversity generally lowers the resilience of restored forests,
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which can make them vulnerable to disease and unable to adapt to climate change.
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Choosing the right location for reforestation projects is as important as choosing the right trees.
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Ultimately, the best area for planting trees would be informally forested areas that are in poor condition.
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It's better to avoid non-forested landscapes,
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such as natural grasslands, savannas or wetlands,
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as these ecosystems already contribute greatly to capturing carbon.
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It would also be advantageous to choose an area where trees could provide other benefits,
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such as recreational spaces.
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Reforesting areas which are currently exploited for agriculture should be avoided,
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as this often leads to other areas being deforested.
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Large scale reforestation projects require careful planning.
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Making the right decisions about where to plant trees depends on having the right information.
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Having detailed and up-to-date maps identifying high priority areas for intervention is essential.
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Drone technology is a useful tool in helping to prioritise and monitor areas of degraded forest for restoration.
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In Brazil, it's being used to identify and quantify how parts of the Amazon are being devastated by human activities,
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such as rearing cattle and illegal logging.
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A good example of where the right trees were picked to
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achieve a restored forest is in in Lampang province in northern Thailand.
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A previously forested site, which had been degraded through mining,
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was reforested by a cement company,
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together with Chiang Mai University.
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After spreading 60 centimetres of topsoil,
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they planted 14 different native tree species,
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which included several species of fig.
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Figs are a keystone species because of the critical role they play in maintaining wildlife populations.
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They are central to tropical reforestation projects as they accelerate the speed of the recovery process by attracting animals
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and birds which act as natural seed dispersers.
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This helps to promote diversity through the healthy regrowth of a wide range of plant species.
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Unlike the majority of fruit trees,
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figs bear fruit all year round,
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providing a reliable food source for many species.
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At this site, for example,
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after only three rainy seasons,
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monkeys started visiting to eat the fig fruits,
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naturally dispersing seeds through defecation.
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Reforestation projects should always aim to make sure that local communities are consulted and involved in the decision-making process.
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The restoration of mangrove forests in Madagascar is an example of a project
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which has succeeded in creating real benefits for the community.
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Destruction of the mangrove forests had a terrible impact on plant and animal life and also badly affected the fishing industry,
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which was a major source of employment for local people living in coastal areas.
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The reforestation project involved hiring local people to plant and care for the new mangrove trees.
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Millions of mangrove trees have now been planted,
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which has resulted in the return of a healthy aquatic ecosystem.
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The mangroves also act as a defence against the increased threat of flooding caused by climate change.
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What's more, the local economy is more stable and thousands more Madagascans are now able to send their children to school.
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One other important point to consider...
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Bu dersin kelimeleri ve konuşma notları
Bu C1 seviyesindeki konuşma dersi “Cambridge 19 Listening Test 4 Part 4” videosuna dayanıyor. En çok tekrarlanan kelimeler: tree, species, project, reforestation, forest. Bu videoda gölgeleme çalışması için 76 cümle ve 827 kelime var. Konuşma bölümü 8:21 sürüyor. Konuşmacı yavaş konuşuyor, dakikada yaklaşık 99 kelime; her sesi taklit etmek için zamanınız var. Kelimelerin yalnızca %77’i İngilizcede en sık kullanılan 3.000 kelime arasında, bu yüzden kelime dağarcığı zorlayıcı.
Bu videodaki önemli kelimeler
Videodaki en ileri düzey 15 kelime, telaffuzu ve anlamıyla:
| Kelime | Telaffuz | Anlam |
|---|---|---|
| mangrove isim | /ˈmæŋɡɹoʊ̯v/ | mangrov |
| ecosystem isim | /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ | ekosistem |
| resilience isim | /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/ | çabuk iyileşme özelliği |
| centimetre isim | /ˈsɛn.tɪ.miː.tə/ | santimetre, santim |
| defecation isim | /ˌdɛfɪˈkeɪʃən/ | dışkılama |
| deforest fiil | /dɪˈfɒɹɪst/ | ormansızlaştırmak |
| aquatic sıfat | /əˈkwɑ.tɪk/ | sucul |
| accelerate fiil | /ɪkˈsɛl.əˌɹeɪt/ | hızlandırmak |
| emission isim | /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/ | emisyon, salınım |
| undertake fiil | /ˌʌndəˈteɪk/ | girişmek |
| rainy sıfat | /ˈɹeɪni/ | yağmurlu |
| endangered sıfat | /ɪnˈdeɪn.d͡ʒɚd/ | nesli tehlikede |
| dominate fiil | /ˈdɑ.məˌneɪt/ | hükmetmek |
| threaten fiil | /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/ | gözünü korkutmak, tehdit etmek |
| cement isim | /səˈmɛnt/ | çimento |
Bu videodaki dil bilgisi
Konuşmacının en çok kullandığı yapılar, videodaki sözcüklerin aynısıyla:
| Yapı | Videoda |
|---|---|
| Edilgen yapı be + fiilin üçüncü hâli — kimin yaptığı değil, ne olduğu önemli | is often presented · are planted · are selected |
| Present perfect have/has + fiilin üçüncü hâli — geçmişte olan ama şimdi de önemli olan bir eylem | has succeeded · have now been planted · has resulted |
Dikkat edilecek telaffuzlar
- “sh” ve “zh” sesleri: defecation /ˌdɛfɪˈkeɪʃən/, emission /ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/, variation /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/
- Uzun kelimeler — vurguyu doğru yere koyun: ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/, biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/, resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/, advantageous /ˌædvənˈteɪd͡ʒ(i)əs/, centimetre /ˈsɛn.tɪ.miː.tə/
Türkçe konuşanların zorlandığı sesler:
- /w/ — dudaklar yuvarlak, /v/ değil: quantify /ˈkwɑn.tɪˌfaɪ/, aquatic /əˈkwɑ.tɪk/, straightforward /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/
- Kelime başındaki ünsüz kümesi — araya ünlü eklemeyin: quantify /ˈkwɑn.tɪˌfaɪ/, straightforward /ˌstɹeɪtˈfɔː(ɹ)wə(ɹ)d/, threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/, drone /dɹoʊn/
- /æ/ — “e”den daha açık: mangrove /ˈmæŋɡɹoʊ̯v/, advantageous /ˌædvənˈteɪd͡ʒ(i)əs/, savanna /səˈvænə/, maximize /ˈmæksəmaɪz/, adapt /əˈdæpt/
Bu videoyla nasıl çalışılır
- Videonun tamamını konuşmadan bir kez dinleyin ve bilmediğiniz kelimeleri not edin.
- Normal hızda cümle cümle tekrar edin; ritminiz konuşmacıyla aynı olana kadar her cümleyi yineleyin.
- Kendinizi kaydedin ve orijinaliyle karşılaştırın; mangrove, ecosystem, resilience gibi kelimelere özellikle dikkat edin.
Gölgeleme Tekniği Nedir?
Gölgeleme, başlangıçta profesyonel tercüman eğitimi için geliştirilen ve çok dilli Dr. Alexander Arguelles tarafından popüler hale getirilen, bilim destekli bir dil öğrenme tekniğidir. Yöntem basit ama güçlüdür: ana dili İngilizce olan bir sesi dinler ve hemen yüksek sesle tekrar edersiniz — konuşmacıyı 1-2 saniye gecikmeyle takip eden bir gölge gibi. Pasif dinleme veya dilbilgisi alıştırmalarının aksine, gölgeleme beyninizi ve ağız kaslarınızı gerçek konuşma kalıplarını eşzamanlı olarak işlemeye ve yeniden üretmeye zorlar. Araştırmalar, telaffuz doğruluğu, tonlama, ritim, bağlı konuşma, dinleme anlama ve konuşma akıcılığını önemli ölçüde geliştirdiğini göstermektedir — bu da onu IELTS Konuşma hazırlığı ve gerçek dünya İngilizce iletişimi için en etkili yöntemlerden biri yapar.