Shadowing Practice: How to enter ‘flow state’ on command | Steven Kotler for Big Think - Learn English Speaking with Video
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- Flow is often described as a state of kind of 'effortless effort.' We feel like we're propelled through the activity.
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Everything else just seems to disappear.
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Time is gonna dilate, which is a fancy of saying it's gonna pass strangely.
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Five hours go by in like five minutes.
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Occasionally, it'll slow down, you get a freeze-frame effect, I mean, anybody who's been in a car crash for example.
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Intuition tends to get turned up a lot.
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This is a basketball player in the zone, seeing the hoop and suddenly it's as big as a hula hoop.
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And our frown muscles tend to be paralyzed.
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And what that frowning is, is a sign that the brain is doing work.
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This is a constant issue in my marriage where my wife thinks I'm mad at her or somebody and I'm like, "No, no, I'm just thinking.
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This is just me thinking.
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I'm in robot mode." My name is Steven Kotler.
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I'm a writer and a researcher, and my latest book is "The Art of Impossible." Flow itself, actually, the term is coined by Goethe, who uses the German word "rausch," which means overflowing with joy.
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Nietzsche actually wrote about flow.
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William James worked on the topic, but Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi is often referred to as the Godfather of Flow Psychology.
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He was very interested in sort of well-being, meaning of life, and he went around the world talking to people about the times in their lives when they felt their best, and they performed their best.
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Everywhere he went, people said the same thing.
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"I'm in this altered state of consciousness where every action, every decision I make, seems to flow effortlessly, perfectly, seamlessly from the last." Flow actually feels 'flowy.' More specifically, it refers to any of those moments of rapt attention and total absorption.
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You're so focused on the task at hand, so focused on what you're doing, everything else just seems to disappear.
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But one of the things that athletes talk about a lot is what they call "the voice." Often, when I'm skiing in flow, I will get directions- right, left, do this, do that, and it's very quick.
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You either do what the voice is telling you to do or you tend to crash.
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The challenge-skills balance is often called the "golden rule to flow." And the idea here is pretty simple.
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We pay the most attention to the task at hand when the challenge of that task slightly exceeds our skillset.
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So, to do this work and to get good at it, you have to get good at being comfortable with being uncomfortable.
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You wanna stretch but not snap.
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So there are a number of different things you can do to sort of prepare yourself and prepare the environment to drop into flow.
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The flow triggers are your toolkit.
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22 of them have been discovered.
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There are probably way, way more, but so far, researchers have identified 22.
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The most basic of flow triggers- complete concentration.
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You really wanna sorta start your work session if you can in relationship to your physiology.
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I like to wake up at 3:30, four o'clock in the morning.
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That's when I'm most awake, most alert.
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I am married to a night owl.
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My wife doesn't wake up 'til five, six, seven o'clock, eight o'clock at night.
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That's when her brain comes alive.
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And then you wanna try to block out 90 to 120 minutes for uninterrupted concentration.
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Practice distraction management ahead of time.
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So you wanna turn off your phones, turn off email, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, et cetera, all your messages, all your alerts.
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There was a study where they found that coders in flow, if they get knocked out by distraction, a knock at the door, a text alert, or whatever, it can take 'em 15 minutes to get back into flow if they can get back in at all.
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Flow only shows up when all of our attention is in the right gear, right now.
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One way to kind of explore flow triggers, there's a cluster of them that are predominantly dopamine triggers.
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They drive focus, they drive attention, they drive alertness and excitement, and there's a lot of different ways to get dopamine.
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Novelty produces dopamine.
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We see the same thing with unpredictability, complexity, the experience of awe.
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You look up at the night sky and you see stars everywhere and you know those stars are actually universes, and you get sorta perceptual vastness.
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If you've ever done a crossword puzzle or sudoku, you get an answer right, that little rush of pleasure you get, that's dopamine.
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And then you usually get a couple of answers right in a row, that's because the dopamine that is now in your system is amplifying pattern recognition.
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We get that same dopamine from risk-taking.
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And this could be physical risks, emotional risks, social risks, intellectual risks, possibly spiritual risks.
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We get the dopamine not as a reward for taking the risk, which is what some people used to believe, but now we know it's to kind of drive motivation.
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Now, there are lots of different intrinsic motivators, but from a motivation standpoint, there are five and they're all designed to be built into one another and work in a sort of specific order, in a specific sequence.
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The most basic human motivator is curiosity.
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One of the things we get from curiosity is focus for free.
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When we're curious about something, we don't have to struggle.
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We don't have to burn a lot of calories trying to pay attention to it.
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Curiosity is designed, biologically again, to be built into passion.
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And think about, we've all fallen in love, how much attention you pay to the person you're falling in love with.
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You can't stop thinking about them, can't stop staring at them.
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That's a tremendous amount of focus for free.
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Now, passion is incredibly useful, but as a motivator, you can go one better, which is purpose.
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Everyone's talking about, "Oh, I have a purpose," and it's this big altruistic thing and it's good for the world, and all those things may be true, but from a peak performance perspective, it's very, very selfish.
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Once you have purpose, the system demands autonomy.
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I want the freedom to pursue my purpose.
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And once you have that freedom, the system wants the last of the big motivators, mastery.
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Mastery is the skills to pursue that purpose well.
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One of the really incredible things about being human is we're all built for peak performance.
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Flow is universal in humans.
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It's actually universal in most mammals and definitely all social mammals.
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There's a shared collective version of a flow state, a team performing at their best, a group performing at their best.
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This is called 'group flow.' In fact, studies have shown that the people who score off the charts for these characteristics, who score off the charts for overall well-being and life satisfaction, are the people with the most flow in their lives.
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We're all capable of so much more than we know.
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That is a commonality across the board.
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It's the largest lesson in 30 years of studying peak performance has taught me.
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And the way I sorta like to think about it, is motivation is what gets us into the game.
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Learning allows us to continue to play.
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Creativity is how we steer.
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And flow, which is optimal performance, is how we amplify all the results beyond all reasonable expectation.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau C1 is gebaseerd op de video “How to enter ‘flow state’ on command”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: flow, dopamine, risk, attention, purpose. Deze video bevat 78 zinnen en 1247 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 7:01. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 178 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. 83% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| dopamine zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈdoʊ.pəˌmin/ | dopamine |
| curiosity zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/ | nieuwsgierigheid |
| amplify werkwoord | /ˈæm.plə.faɪ/ | versterken, vergroten |
| frown werkwoord | /ˈfɹaʊ̯n/ | fronsen |
| hoop zelfstandig naamwoord | /hʊp/ | hoepel, reep |
| mammal zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈmæməl/ | zoogdier |
| distraction zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɪsˈtɹæk.ʃən/ | afleiding |
| researcher zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ | onderzoeker |
| disappear werkwoord | /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ | verdwijnen, verzwinden |
| alertness zelfstandig naamwoord | /əˈlɝt.nəs/ | alertheid, waakzaamheid |
| altruistic bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌæl.tɹuˈɪs.tɪk/ | altruïstisch |
| crossword zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkɹɒswɜː(ɹ)d/ | kruiswoordraadsel, kruiswoordpuzzel |
| dilate werkwoord | /daɪˈleɪt/ | dilateren |
| effortless bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈɛfə(ɹ)tlɪs/ | moeiteloos |
| effortlessly bijwoord | /ˈɛf.ɚt.ləs.li/ | moeiteloos |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| turn off werkwoord | uitzetten, uitschakelen | |
| show up werkwoord | tentoonstellen | |
| slow down werkwoord | afremmen | |
| wake up werkwoord | /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ | wakker worden, ontwaken |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | is often described · be paralyzed · is coined |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | who's been · have been discovered · have identified |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | dilate, which is · risk, which is · better, which is |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 33 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals I'm, wanna, we're. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: distraction /dɪsˈtɹæk.ʃən/, intuition /ˌɪn.tjuːˈɪʃ.ən/, absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/, expectation /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: motivator /ˈməʊ.təˌveɪ.tə/, curiosity /ˌkjʊɹ.iˈɑ.sə.ti/, altruistic /ˌæl.tɹuˈɪs.tɪk/, commonality /ˌkɑ.məˈnæl.ə.ti/, effortlessly /ˈɛf.ɚt.ləs.li/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: crossword /ˈkɹɒswɜː(ɹ)d/, paralyze /ˈpæɹəˌlaɪz/, exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: amplify /ˈæm.plə.faɪ/, mammal /ˈmæməl/, mastery /ˈmæs.tɚ.i/, distraction /dɪsˈtɹæk.ʃən/, altruistic /ˌæl.tɹuˈɪs.tɪk/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als dopamine, curiosity, amplify.
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Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.