Shadowing Practice: HTML Links and Navigation Explained | HTML for Beginners #5 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Welcome back to TechAura!
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Imagine visiting a website and finding absolutely no clickable links.
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You couldn't visit another page, open an article, or navigate to another website.
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That would make browsing the internet pretty difficult, right?
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Luckily, HTML gives us something called hyperlinks.
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They're what make it possible to connect web pages together.
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Today, you'll learn how to create clickable links, navigate between pages, and even build your first navigation menu.
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Let's get started.
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Let's start with the basics.
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A HTML link, also called a hyperlink, connects one web page to another resource.
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That resource could be another web page, a website, a document, or even a specific section of the current page.
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When you click a link, your browser follows its destination.
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This is one of the most important features of the World Wide Web.
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But how do we create one?
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Let's find out!
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To create a link in HTML, we use the A element.
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A stands for anchor.
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Here's a simple example.
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We start with the opening A tag.
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Inside it, we have something called an attribute.
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It's called href.
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href specifies where the link should take the user.
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In this example, the destination is Google's website.
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Then, between the opening and closing tags, we write the text that users can click.
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Here, it's visit Google.
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Finally, we close the A element.
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Now, let's see the result.
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And that's it, you've just created your first HTML hyperlink.
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Let's take a closer look at href.
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href is short for hypertext reference.
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It tells the browser the destination of the link.
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There are different ways to use it.
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First, we have external links links.
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These take users to another website.
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For example, when someone clicks this link, the browser navigates to YouTube.
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Next, we have internal links.
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These take users to another page within your own website.
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For example, this link points to a page called About HTML.
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Notice that we don't need to write the complete website address when linking to a page in the same website.
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The browser uses the relative path to find the destination.
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Now, what if you want a link to open in a new browser tab instead of replacing the current page?
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HTML provides an attribute called target.
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When we use target with the value blank, the browser opens the destination in a new tab or window.
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Here's an example.
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We add target equals blank inside our anchor tag.
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And that's all.
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But there's one more detail worth knowing.
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For external links that open in a new tab, adding rel equals no opener is a good security practice.
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It prevents the newly opened page from accessing the original page through the browser's opener property.
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So remember, href defines the destination, target controls where the link opens, and no opener adds an important security protection.
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Now, let's use everything we've learned to create something practical.
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A navigation menu.
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Most websites have a navigation menu at the top.
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It helps visitors move between different sections or pages.
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To create one, we use the nav element.
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Nav represents a section of a web page containing navigation links.
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Inside it, we add our anchor elements.
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Let's create four links.
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The home link, the about link, the services link, and the contact link.
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Each link has its own destination.
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And just like that, we've created a simple HTML navigation menu.
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Now, you might be wondering why the menu doesn't look very beautiful.
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That's because we're only using HTML.
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We'll learn how to style navigation menus using CSS in a future lesson.
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Here's another useful trick.
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You can create a link that takes visitors directly to a specific section of the same web page.
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We call this an anchor link.
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First, we give an element a unique ID.
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In this example, our heading has an ID called contact.
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Then, we create a link using href with a hashtag followed by that ID.
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When someone clicks the link, the browser navigates to the element with the matching ID.
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This is especially useful for long articles, frequently asked questions, and table of contents sections.
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Now it's your turn, let's test what you learned.
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Your challenge is to create a simple navigation menu for your own website.
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It must contain a home link, an about link, a contact link, one external link to Google,
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and one link that takes visitors to a specific section of your web page.
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Pause the video and try writing the code yourself.
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Excellent!
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You've just created your first navigation menu and learned how to connect different pages and sections.
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You're making great progress!
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And that's everything for Episode 5!
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Today, you learned how to create hyperlinks, use the href attribute, open links in new tabs, and build a simple navigation menu.
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In our next episode, we'll discover how to add images to web pages using HTML.
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Don't forget to subscribe to TechHora.
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Keep learning, keep building, and stay curious.
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See you in episode 6!
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles is gebaseerd op de video “HTML Links and Navigation Explained”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: link, page, create, website, Html. Deze video bevat 86 zinnen en 824 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 5:20. De spreker praat in een natuurlijk tempo van ongeveer 154 woorden per minuut, dicht bij een alledaags gesprek. Slechts 79% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| menu zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈmɛn.juː/ | menu |
| navigation zelfstandig naamwoord | /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/ | navigatie |
| destination zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/ | bestemming |
| element zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɛləmənt/ | element |
| anchor zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈæŋ.kəː/ | anker |
| navigate werkwoord | /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ | navigeren |
| connect werkwoord | /kəˈnɛkt/ | verbinden |
| visitor zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈvɪzɪtɚ/ | bezoeker, gast |
| attribute zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/ | attribuut, eigenschap |
| resource zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | bron, hulpbron |
| practical bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ | praktisch |
| relative zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ | familielid, bloedverwant |
| lesson zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | les |
| curious bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˈkjʊɹ.i.əs/ | nieuwsgierig |
| tag zelfstandig naamwoord | /tæɡ/ | etiket |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| find out werkwoord | ontdekken, onderzoeken |
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | you've just created · we've learned · we've created |
| Toekomst met “will” will + werkwoord — een besluit, belofte of voorspelling | you'll learn · We'll learn · we'll discover |
| Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — iets dat nu of in deze periode gebeurt | we're only using · You're making |
| Verplichting: must / have to / need to zeggen dat iets nodig is | need to write · must contain |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 14 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals don't, we'll, we've. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, hashtag /ˈhæʃˌtæɡ/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, tag /tæɡ/, subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/, pause /pɔːz/, tab /tæb/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, anchor /ˈæŋ.kəː/, navigate /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/, attribute /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/, blank /ˈblæŋk/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, navigate /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/, tag /tæɡ/, hashtag /ˈhæʃˌtæɡ/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Begin op 0,75× snelheid, spreek zin voor zin na en ga terug naar normale snelheid zodra het makkelijk gaat.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als menu, navigation, destination.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.