Pratique du Shadowing: HTML Links and Navigation Explained | HTML for Beginners #5 - Apprendre l'anglais à l'oral avec la vidéo
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Welcome back to TechAura!
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Imagine visiting a website and finding absolutely no clickable links.
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You couldn't visit another page, open an article, or navigate to another website.
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That would make browsing the internet pretty difficult, right?
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Luckily, HTML gives us something called hyperlinks.
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They're what make it possible to connect web pages together.
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Today, you'll learn how to create clickable links, navigate between pages, and even build your first navigation menu.
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Let's get started.
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Let's start with the basics.
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A HTML link, also called a hyperlink, connects one web page to another resource.
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That resource could be another web page, a website, a document, or even a specific section of the current page.
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When you click a link, your browser follows its destination.
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This is one of the most important features of the World Wide Web.
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But how do we create one?
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Let's find out!
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To create a link in HTML, we use the A element.
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A stands for anchor.
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Here's a simple example.
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We start with the opening A tag.
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Inside it, we have something called an attribute.
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It's called href.
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href specifies where the link should take the user.
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In this example, the destination is Google's website.
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Then, between the opening and closing tags, we write the text that users can click.
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Here, it's visit Google.
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Finally, we close the A element.
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Now, let's see the result.
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And that's it, you've just created your first HTML hyperlink.
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Let's take a closer look at href.
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href is short for hypertext reference.
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It tells the browser the destination of the link.
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There are different ways to use it.
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First, we have external links links.
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These take users to another website.
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For example, when someone clicks this link, the browser navigates to YouTube.
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Next, we have internal links.
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These take users to another page within your own website.
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For example, this link points to a page called About HTML.
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Notice that we don't need to write the complete website address when linking to a page in the same website.
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The browser uses the relative path to find the destination.
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Now, what if you want a link to open in a new browser tab instead of replacing the current page?
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HTML provides an attribute called target.
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When we use target with the value blank, the browser opens the destination in a new tab or window.
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Here's an example.
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We add target equals blank inside our anchor tag.
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And that's all.
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But there's one more detail worth knowing.
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For external links that open in a new tab, adding rel equals no opener is a good security practice.
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It prevents the newly opened page from accessing the original page through the browser's opener property.
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So remember, href defines the destination, target controls where the link opens, and no opener adds an important security protection.
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Now, let's use everything we've learned to create something practical.
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A navigation menu.
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Most websites have a navigation menu at the top.
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It helps visitors move between different sections or pages.
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To create one, we use the nav element.
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Nav represents a section of a web page containing navigation links.
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Inside it, we add our anchor elements.
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Let's create four links.
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The home link, the about link, the services link, and the contact link.
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Each link has its own destination.
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And just like that, we've created a simple HTML navigation menu.
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Now, you might be wondering why the menu doesn't look very beautiful.
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That's because we're only using HTML.
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We'll learn how to style navigation menus using CSS in a future lesson.
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Here's another useful trick.
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You can create a link that takes visitors directly to a specific section of the same web page.
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We call this an anchor link.
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First, we give an element a unique ID.
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In this example, our heading has an ID called contact.
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Then, we create a link using href with a hashtag followed by that ID.
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When someone clicks the link, the browser navigates to the element with the matching ID.
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This is especially useful for long articles, frequently asked questions, and table of contents sections.
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Now it's your turn, let's test what you learned.
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Your challenge is to create a simple navigation menu for your own website.
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It must contain a home link, an about link, a contact link, one external link to Google,
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and one link that takes visitors to a specific section of your web page.
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Pause the video and try writing the code yourself.
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Excellent!
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You've just created your first navigation menu and learned how to connect different pages and sections.
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You're making great progress!
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And that's everything for Episode 5!
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Today, you learned how to create hyperlinks, use the href attribute, open links in new tabs, and build a simple navigation menu.
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In our next episode, we'll discover how to add images to web pages using HTML.
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Don't forget to subscribe to TechHora.
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Keep learning, keep building, and stay curious.
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See you in episode 6!
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Vocabulaire et conseils d’expression pour cette leçon
Cette leçon d’expression orale s’appuie sur la vidéo « HTML Links and Navigation Explained ». Les mots qui reviennent le plus souvent : link, page, create, website, Html. Cette vidéo contient 86 phrases et 824 mots à répéter en shadowing. La partie parlée dure 5:20. Le locuteur parle à un rythme naturel d’environ 154 mots par minute, proche d’une conversation courante. Seuls 79 % des mots font partie des 3 000 mots les plus courants en anglais, le vocabulaire est donc exigeant.
Vocabulaire clé de cette vidéo
15 mots de la vidéo à retenir, avec leur prononciation et leur sens :
| Mot | Prononciation | Sens |
|---|---|---|
| menu nom | /ˈmɛn.juː/ | carte, menu |
| navigation nom | /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/ | navigation |
| destination nom | /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/ | destination, arrivée |
| element nom | /ˈɛləmənt/ | élément |
| anchor nom | /ˈæŋ.kəː/ | ancre |
| navigate verbe | /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ | naviguer |
| connect verbe | /kəˈnɛkt/ | accoupler, connecter |
| visitor nom | /ˈvɪzɪtɚ/ | visiteur, visiteuse |
| attribute nom | /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/ | attribut |
| resource nom | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | ressource |
| blank nom | /ˈblæŋk/ | préforme |
| practical adjectif | /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ | pratique |
| relative nom | /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ | parent |
| trick nom | /ˈtɹɪk/ | tour |
| lesson nom | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | leçon |
Les verbes à particule que vous entendrez
| Mot | Sens |
|---|---|
| find out verbe | découvrir, savoir |
La grammaire de cette vidéo
Les structures que le locuteur utilise le plus, avec les mots exacts de la vidéo :
| Structure | Dans la vidéo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participe passé — une action passée qui compte encore maintenant | you've just created · we've learned · we've created |
| Futur avec « will » will + verbe — une décision, une promesse ou une prédiction | you'll learn · We'll learn · we'll discover |
| Présent continu am/is/are + -ing — ce qui se passe en ce moment | we're only using · You're making |
| Obligation : must / have to / need to dire qu’une chose est nécessaire | need to write · must contain |
Prononciation à surveiller
Le locuteur utilise 14 contractions et formes réduites, comme don't, we'll, we've. Prononcez-les sous leur forme courte, telles que vous les entendez.
- Les sons « sh » et « zh »: navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, hashtag /ˈhæʃˌtæɡ/
- Mots longs — placez bien l’accent: navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/
Les sons difficiles pour les francophones :
- /h/ — il se souffle, il n’est pas muet: hashtag /ˈhæʃˌtæɡ/, hyperlink /ˈhaɪpə(ɹ)ˌlɪŋk/, hypertext /ˈhaɪpəɹˌtɛkst/
- /r/ anglais — langue recourbée, sans frotter la gorge: browser /ˈbɹaʊ.zəɹ/, attribute /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/, resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, practical /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/
Comment s’entraîner avec cette vidéo
- Écoutez la vidéo en entier une fois sans parler et notez les mots que vous ne connaissez pas.
- Commencez à la vitesse 0,75×, répétez phrase par phrase, puis revenez à la vitesse normale quand cela devient facile.
- Enregistrez-vous et comparez avec l’original, en faisant attention à des mots comme menu, navigation, destination.
Qu'est-ce que la technique du Shadowing ?
Le Shadowing est une technique d'apprentissage des langues fondée sur la science, développée à l'origine pour la formation des interprètes professionnels. Le principe est simple mais puissant : vous écoutez de l'anglais natif et le répétez immédiatement à voix haute — comme une ombre suivant le locuteur avec un décalage de 1 à 2 secondes. Les recherches montrent une amélioration significative de la précision de la prononciation, de l'intonation, du rythme, des liaisons, de la compréhension orale et de la fluidité.