Shadowing Practice: HTML Links and Navigation Explained | HTML for Beginners #5 - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Welcome back to TechAura!
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Imagine visiting a website and finding absolutely no clickable links.
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You couldn't visit another page, open an article, or navigate to another website.
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That would make browsing the internet pretty difficult, right?
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Luckily, HTML gives us something called hyperlinks.
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They're what make it possible to connect web pages together.
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Today, you'll learn how to create clickable links, navigate between pages, and even build your first navigation menu.
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Let's get started.
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Let's start with the basics.
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A HTML link, also called a hyperlink, connects one web page to another resource.
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That resource could be another web page, a website, a document, or even a specific section of the current page.
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When you click a link, your browser follows its destination.
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This is one of the most important features of the World Wide Web.
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But how do we create one?
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Let's find out!
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To create a link in HTML, we use the A element.
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A stands for anchor.
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Here's a simple example.
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We start with the opening A tag.
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Inside it, we have something called an attribute.
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It's called href.
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href specifies where the link should take the user.
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In this example, the destination is Google's website.
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Then, between the opening and closing tags, we write the text that users can click.
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Here, it's visit Google.
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Finally, we close the A element.
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Now, let's see the result.
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And that's it, you've just created your first HTML hyperlink.
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Let's take a closer look at href.
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href is short for hypertext reference.
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It tells the browser the destination of the link.
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There are different ways to use it.
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First, we have external links links.
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These take users to another website.
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For example, when someone clicks this link, the browser navigates to YouTube.
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Next, we have internal links.
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These take users to another page within your own website.
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For example, this link points to a page called About HTML.
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Notice that we don't need to write the complete website address when linking to a page in the same website.
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The browser uses the relative path to find the destination.
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Now, what if you want a link to open in a new browser tab instead of replacing the current page?
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HTML provides an attribute called target.
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When we use target with the value blank, the browser opens the destination in a new tab or window.
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Here's an example.
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We add target equals blank inside our anchor tag.
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And that's all.
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But there's one more detail worth knowing.
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For external links that open in a new tab, adding rel equals no opener is a good security practice.
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It prevents the newly opened page from accessing the original page through the browser's opener property.
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So remember, href defines the destination, target controls where the link opens, and no opener adds an important security protection.
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Now, let's use everything we've learned to create something practical.
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A navigation menu.
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Most websites have a navigation menu at the top.
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It helps visitors move between different sections or pages.
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To create one, we use the nav element.
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Nav represents a section of a web page containing navigation links.
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Inside it, we add our anchor elements.
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Let's create four links.
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The home link, the about link, the services link, and the contact link.
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Each link has its own destination.
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And just like that, we've created a simple HTML navigation menu.
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Now, you might be wondering why the menu doesn't look very beautiful.
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That's because we're only using HTML.
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We'll learn how to style navigation menus using CSS in a future lesson.
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Here's another useful trick.
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You can create a link that takes visitors directly to a specific section of the same web page.
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We call this an anchor link.
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First, we give an element a unique ID.
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In this example, our heading has an ID called contact.
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Then, we create a link using href with a hashtag followed by that ID.
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When someone clicks the link, the browser navigates to the element with the matching ID.
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This is especially useful for long articles, frequently asked questions, and table of contents sections.
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Now it's your turn, let's test what you learned.
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Your challenge is to create a simple navigation menu for your own website.
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It must contain a home link, an about link, a contact link, one external link to Google,
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and one link that takes visitors to a specific section of your web page.
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Pause the video and try writing the code yourself.
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Excellent!
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You've just created your first navigation menu and learned how to connect different pages and sections.
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You're making great progress!
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And that's everything for Episode 5!
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Today, you learned how to create hyperlinks, use the href attribute, open links in new tabs, and build a simple navigation menu.
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In our next episode, we'll discover how to add images to web pages using HTML.
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Don't forget to subscribe to TechHora.
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Keep learning, keep building, and stay curious.
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See you in episode 6!
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Vocabulario y notas de pronunciación para esta lección
Esta lección de conversación se basa en el vídeo “HTML Links and Navigation Explained”. Las palabras que más se repiten: link, page, create, website, Html. Este vídeo tiene 86 frases y 824 palabras para practicar shadowing. La parte hablada dura 5:20. El hablante habla a un ritmo natural de unas 154 palabras por minuto, cercano a una conversación cotidiana. Solo el 79 % de las palabras está entre las 3.000 más comunes del inglés, por lo que el vocabulario es exigente.
Vocabulario clave de este vídeo
15 palabras del vídeo que vale la pena aprender, con su pronunciación y significado:
| Palabra | Pronunciación | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| menu sustantivo | /ˈmɛn.juː/ | menú, carta |
| navigation sustantivo | /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/ | navegación, náutica |
| destination sustantivo | /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/ | destino, destinación |
| element sustantivo | /ˈɛləmənt/ | elemento |
| anchor sustantivo | /ˈæŋ.kəː/ | ancla, áncora |
| navigate verbo | /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ | navegar, singlar |
| connect verbo | /kəˈnɛkt/ | conectar, empalmar |
| visitor sustantivo | /ˈvɪzɪtɚ/ | visita |
| attribute sustantivo | /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/ | atributo |
| resource sustantivo | /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ | recurso |
| practical adjetivo | /ˈpɹæk.tɪ.kəl/ | práctico |
| relative sustantivo | /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ | familiar, pariente |
| trick sustantivo | /ˈtɹɪk/ | truco, artimaña |
| lesson sustantivo | /ˈlɛs.ən/ | lección |
| curious adjetivo | /ˈkjʊɹ.i.əs/ | curioso, tener curiosidad |
Phrasal verbs que vas a escuchar
| Palabra | Significado |
|---|---|
| find out verbo | averiguar, anoticiarse |
Gramática en este vídeo
Las estructuras que más usa el hablante, con las palabras exactas del vídeo:
| Estructura | En el vídeo |
|---|---|
| Present perfect have/has + participio pasado — una acción pasada que sigue importando ahora | you've just created · we've learned · we've created |
| Futuro con “will” will + verbo — una decisión, una promesa o una predicción | you'll learn · We'll learn · we'll discover |
| Present continuous am/is/are + -ing — algo que ocurre ahora o en estos días | we're only using · You're making |
| Obligación: must / have to / need to decir que algo es necesario | need to write · must contain |
Pronunciación a tener en cuenta
El hablante usa 14 contracciones y formas reducidas, como don't, we'll, we've. Dilas en su forma corta, tal como las oyes.
- Los sonidos de “sh” y “zh”: navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/, hashtag /ˈhæʃˌtæɡ/
- Palabras largas — cuida el acento: navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/
Sonidos difíciles para hispanohablantes:
- /v/ — no es /b/: los dientes tocan el labio inferior: navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/, navigate /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/, visitor /ˈvɪzɪtɚ/, relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/, discover /dɪˈskʌvə/
- /z/ — sonora, no /s/: browser /ˈbɹaʊ.zəɹ/, visitor /ˈvɪzɪtɚ/, resource /ɹɪˈzɔːs/, pause /pɔːz/, browse /bɹaʊz/
- /h/ — una aspiración suave, no la “j”: hashtag /ˈhæʃˌtæɡ/, hyperlink /ˈhaɪpə(ɹ)ˌlɪŋk/, hypertext /ˈhaɪpəɹˌtɛkst/
Cómo practicar con este vídeo
- Escucha el vídeo entero una vez sin hablar y anota las palabras que no conoces.
- Empieza a velocidad 0,75×, haz shadowing frase por frase y vuelve a la velocidad normal cuando te resulte fácil.
- Grábate y compara con el original, prestando atención a palabras como menu, navigation, destination.
¿Qué es la Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing es una técnica de aprendizaje de idiomas respaldada por la ciencia, desarrollada originalmente para la formación de intérpretes profesionales y popularizada por el políglota Dr. Alexander Arguelles. El método es simple pero poderoso: escuchas audio en inglés nativo y lo repites en voz alta de inmediato, como una sombra que sigue al hablante con solo 1-2 segundos de retraso. A diferencia de la escucha pasiva o los ejercicios de gramática, el shadowing obliga a tu cerebro y músculos de la boca a procesar y reproducir simultáneamente patrones de habla reales. Las investigaciones muestran que mejora significativamente la precisión de la pronunciación, la entonación, el ritmo, el habla conectada, la comprensión auditiva y la fluidez al hablar, convirtiéndola en una de las metodologías más efectivas para la preparación del IELTS Speaking y la comunicación en inglés en el mundo real.