Shadowing Practice: Indigo Class 12 animation in English - Learn English Speaking with Video
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When I first visited Gandhi in 1942 at his ashram in Sevigaram,
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he said, I will tell you how it happened that I decided to urge the departure of the British.
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It was in 1917.
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He had gone to the December 1916 annual meeting of the Indian National Congress in Lucknow.
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There were 2,301 representatives and many visitors.
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A peasant came up to me.
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He said, I am Rajkumar Shukra.
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I am from Champaran, and I want you to come to my district.
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Gandhi had never heard of that place.
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It was in the foothills of the Himalayas.
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At that time, the Champaran peasants were sharecroppers.
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Means, they got only a share of the crops.
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Rajkumar was one of them.
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He was illiterate, but determined.
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He had come to the Congress session to complain about the injustice of the landlord system in Bihar,
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and somebody probably had suggested him to go to Gandhi.
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Rajkumar, I have an appointment in Karnapur, and I also have to go to other parts of India.
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I'll accompany you.
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The peasant accompanied him everywhere.
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At last, Gandhi returned to the ashram near Ahmedabad.
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Rajkumar followed him to his ashram.
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For weeks, he stayed there.
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Fix a date.
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Gandhi was impressed by his determination.
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I have to be in Calcutta on such and such a date.
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Come and meet me and take me from there.
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Months passed.
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When Gandhi arrived at the appointment in Calcutta, he waited till Gandhi was free.
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Then, they both boarded a train for the city of Patna in Bihar.
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There, Rajkumar led him to the house of a lawyer named Rajendra Prasad.
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Yes, the one who later became the first president of India.
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He was out of the town.
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But the servants knew Rajkumar as a poor landlord, who disturbed Rajendra Prasad to help the indigo sharecroppers.
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So they let him and his companion Gandhi to stay there.
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But they thought of Gandhi to be another peasant.
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Gandhi was not permitted to draw water from the well.
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They didn't know if he was untouchable or not.
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If he were, some drops from his bucket could pollute the entire source.
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Gandhi decided to go to Musafarpur, which was on the way to Chaparren,
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to obtain more complete information about the conditions.
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He sent a telegram to Professor J.
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B. Kripalaini of the Arts College in Musafarpur.
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The train reached at midnight on the 15th of April, 1917.
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At the station, Kripalani was standing with a large group of boys.
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Gandhi stayed there for two days. Where?
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In the home of Professor Malkani, a teacher in a government school.
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It was an extraordinary thing in those days for a government professor to give shelter to a man like me.
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But Professor Morghany let me stay.
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The news of Gandhi's arrival spread quickly through Musa Farper, and also to Chaparren.
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Sharecroppers from Chaparren and lawyers of Musa Farper met him.
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The lawyers frequently fought cases in the court for the peasants.
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They told him about their cases, and reported the size of their fee.
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You shouldn't collect such big fee from the sharecroppers.
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I have come to the conclusion that we should stop going law courts.
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Taking such cases to the law courts does no good.
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Where the peasants are so crushed and fear-stricken, law courts are useless.
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The real relief for them is to be free from fear.
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The cropland in Chaparren was divided into large estates owned by Englishmen and worked by Indian peasants.
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The chief commercial crop was indigo.
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The landlords forced them to plant three-twentieths of their land, that is, 15% of their land with indigo,
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and give all the indigo harvest as rent.
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Then, the landlords came to know that Germany had developed synthetic indigo.
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Indigo plantation was not profitable anymore.
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Now, the peasants had to pay them compensation for being released from the 15% system.
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The sherry-cropping arrangement was troublesome to the peasants, still, many agreed.
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Those who opposed, were tortured by thugs, hired by the landlords.
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Meanwhile, the information about synthetic indigo reached illiterate peasants.
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Now they wanted their money back.
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At this point, Gandhi arrived in Chaparren.
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He began by trying to get the facts.
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First, he visited the secretary of the British Landlords Association.
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We can't give information to an outsider.
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I am not an outsider.
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Next, he went to the British official commissioner of the Tearhut Division.
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Chaparim District laid in the Tearhut Division.
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The commissioner began to frighten me and advised me to leave Tearhut.
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He didn't leave.
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Instead, he proceeded to Motohari, the capital of Champurin.
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At the station, a huge crowd greeted him.
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He went to a house, and using it as headquarters, continued his investigations.
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A report came in that a peasant had been maltreated in a village nearby.
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Gandhi decided to go and see.
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The next morning, he started out on the back of an elephant.
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On the way, a messenger of the police superintendent ordered him to return to his town.
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Gandhi obeyed.
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He was served a notice to leave Jamparin immediately.
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Gandhi signed a receipt for the notice and wrote on it that he would disobey the order.
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Because of this, Gandhi received a court's order to appear in the court next day.
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All night, he remained awake.
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He telegraphed Rajendra to come with his influential friends.
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He sent instructions to the ashram.
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He wired a full report to the viceroy.
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The next morning, thousands of peasants demonstrated to support Gandhi.
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Their demonstration around the courthouse was the beginning of their liberation from fear of the British.
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The officials felt helpless.
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Gandhi helped to control the crowd.
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He was polite and friendly.
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The government was baffled.
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The government's advocate requested the judge to postpone the trial.
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Gandhi protested against the delay.
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He made the statement.
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obey the higher law of our being, the voice of inner being.
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I accept my fault.
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I will pronounce the sentence after a two-hour recess.
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You have to present your bail for those two hours.
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Bail means security for release.
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I can't give any bail.
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The judge released him without a bail.
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When the court was reconvened after two hours, he said, I will not deliver any judgment for some days.
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For that period, Gandhi will remain in liberty.
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Rajendra, Bri Kisarabu, Maulana Mazurul, and several other lawyers had arrived.
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They discussed with Gandhi.
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What would you do if I were sentenced to prison?
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The senior lawyer said.
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We had come to advise and help you.
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If you went to jail, there would be nobody to advise, and we would go home.
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What about the injustice to the sharecroppers?
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After the consultations, Rajendra concluded.
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They thought, amongst themselves, that Gandhi was totally a stranger.
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He was prepared to go to prison for the sake of peasants.
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They are being not only residents of the nearby districts, but also those who have claimed to help the peasants.
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If they should go home, it would be a shameful leaving.
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They all went back to Gandhi and told him that if he would be sentenced to prison in the next trial, they were ready to follow him into jail.
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Seeing their cooperation, he exclaimed, The Battle of Champaran is won.
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He took a piece of paper and divided the group into pairs
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and put down the arrangement in which each pair would surrender in the court.
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Several days later, Gandhi received a letter from the magistrate informing him
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that the lieutenant governor had ordered the case to be dropped.
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Civil disobedience had triumphed, first time in modern India.
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Now, Gandhi and the lawyers began to conduct investigation into the complaints of the peasants.
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Evidences by about 10,000 peasants were written down.
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Documents were collected.
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The whole area trembled by the activity of investigators and violent protests of the landlords.
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In June, Gandhi was summoned to Sir Edward Gate, the lieutenant governor.
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Summon means to order to be present.
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Before going to him, Gandhi met the leading companions, and again detailed plans for civil disobedience.
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If he shouldn't return, there, he had four interviews with the lieutenant governor.
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As a result, the lieutenant governor appointed an official commission of inquiry into the Indigo sharecropper's situation.
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The commission consisted of landlords, government officials,
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and Gandhi as the only representative of the peasants he remained in chaperon for straight seven months
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and then again for some shorter visits the visit undertaken casually
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because of the request of a peasant in the expectation
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that it would last a few days occupied almost a year
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of gandhi's life the official inquiry collected a mountain of evidence against the big landlords when they saw this,
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they agreed to make refunds to the peasants.
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But how much must we pay?
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They thought he would demand repayment in full of the money which they had illegally and forcefully taken from the sharecroppers.
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50%!
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Jay Z.
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Hodge, a British missionary, wrote on this event.
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There, Gandhi seemed fixed.
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Thinking that he would not surrender, the representative of the landlords offered to return to extent of 25%.
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And to his amazement, Mr. Gandhi agreed, thus breaking the confusion.
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The amount of refund is less important than the fact that the landlords were forced to surrender part of their money, and with it, part of their honor.
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Therefore, as far as the peasants are concerned, the landlords have behaved as lords above law.
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Now, the The pesant can see that he have rights.
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He has learned courage.
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Events proved Gandhi's position.
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Within a few years, the British landlords abandoned their estates, which were given back to the peasants.
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Indigo sherry cropping disappeared.
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Gandhi never satisfied himself with large political or economic solutions.
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He saw the cultural and social backwardness in the Champurin villages, and wanted to do something immediately.
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Mahadev Desai, and Nairhari Parikh, two young men who had just joined Gandhi as disciples, with their wives, offered for the work.
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Several more came from Bombay, Pune and other parts.
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Gandhi's wife Kastrabi, with her son, Devadas, also arrived from the Ashram.
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Primary schools were opened in six villages.
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Castor Bai taught the ashram rules on personal cleanliness and community sanitation.
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Health conditions were miserable.
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Gandhi got a doctor to provide services for six months.
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Three medicines were available castor oil, quinine, and sulfur ointment.
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Anybody who showed a coated tongue was given castor oil.
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Anybody with malaria fever was given quinine plus castor oil.
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Anybody with skin rashes was given sulfur ointment plus castor oil.
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Gandhi noticed the dirty state of women's clothes.
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He asked castor by to talk to them about it.
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One woman took her into her hut and said, Look, there is no box or cover here for clothes.
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The sari I'm wearing is the only one I have.
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During his long stay in Chaparren, Gandhi kept a remote watch on his ashram.
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He sent regular instructions and asked for financial accounts.
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Once he wrote to the residents that it was time to fill in the old latrine gutters and dig new ones.
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Otherwise, the old ones would begin to smell bad.
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The Chaparren episode was a turning point in Gandhi's life.
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What I did was a very ordinary thing.
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I declared that the British could not order me about in my own country.
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Chaparren did not begin as an act of disobedience.
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Rather, it grew out of an effort to remove the trouble of large numbers of poor peasants.
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This was the typical Gandhi method.
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His politics were mixed up with the practical, day-to-day problems of the millions.
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He was not a loyalty to imaginary things.
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He was loyal to living, human beings.
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In everything he did, he tried to make a new free Indian, who could stand on his own feet, and thus, make India free.
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Early in Chaperin Action, C.F.
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Andrews, the English pacifist, Pacifist means, one who is against wars.
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who had become his follower, came to meet Gandhi before going to the Fiji Islands.
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Gandhi's lawyer friends thought it would be a good idea for Andrews to stay in Chaparron and help them.
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Andrews was willing if Gandhi agreed, but Gandhi opposed.
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He said to the lawyers, You think, in this unequal fight, it will be helpful if we have an Englishman on our side?
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This shows the weakness of your heart.
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The cause is fair, and you must rely on yourself to win the battle.
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You must not see a support in Mr. Andrews, because he is an Englishman.
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Rajendra Prasad comments.
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He had read our minds correctly, and we had no reply.
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Gandhi, in this way, taught us a lesson in self-reliance.
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Self-reliance, Indian independence, and help to sharecroppers, were all bound together.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze spreekles op niveau B2 is gebaseerd op de video “Indigo Class 12 animation in English”. Deze woorden komen het vaakst terug: Gandhi, peasant, landlord, indigo, Chaparren. Deze video bevat 204 zinnen en 2118 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 16:15. De spreker praat in een gelijkmatig tempo van ongeveer 130 woorden per minuut, prettig om te shadowen. Slechts 77% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden, dus de woordenschat is pittig.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
De 15 moeilijkste woorden uit de video, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| indigo zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɪndɪˌɡoʊ/ | indigo |
| sharecropper zelfstandig naamwoord | deelpachter, deelbouwer | |
| bail zelfstandig naamwoord | /beɪl/ | borgtocht |
| crop zelfstandig naamwoord | /kɹɑp/ | gewas, voedselgewas |
| disobedience zelfstandig naamwoord | /dɪs.əˈbiː.dɪəns/ | ongehoorzaamheid |
| surrender werkwoord | /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/ | zich overgeven, capituleren |
| illiterate bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/ | ongeletterd, analfabeet |
| ointment zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɔɪn(t)m(ə)nt/ | zalf, smeersel |
| pacifist zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈpæsɪfɪst/ | pacifist, pacifiste |
| quinine zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈkwaɪ.naɪn/ | kinine |
| sulfur zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈsʌl.fə/ | zwavel |
| summon werkwoord | /ˈsʌmən/ | bijeenroepen |
| outsider zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌaʊtˈsaɪdəɹ/ | buitenstaander, outsider |
| injustice zelfstandig naamwoord | /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪs/ | onrecht, onrechtvaardigheid |
| accompany werkwoord | /əˈkʌm.pə.ni/ | vergezellen, begeleiden |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Betekenis |
|---|---|
| write down werkwoord | opschrijven, neerschrijven |
Zinnen om te herhalen
Korte, volledige zinnen uit de video die je in alledaagse gesprekken kunt gebruiken:
- You shouldn't collect such big fee from the sharecroppers.
- We can't give information to an outsider.
- I can't give any bail.
- What would you do if I were sentenced to prison?
Grammatica in deze video
De structuren die de spreker het meest gebruikt, met de exacte woorden uit de video:
| Structuur | In de video |
|---|---|
| Voorwaardelijke zinnen if + zin, will/would + werkwoord — een voorwaarde en het gevolg | If you went to jail, there would be · If they should go home, it would be |
| Lijdende vorm be + voltooid deelwoord — het gaat om wat er gebeurt, niet om wie het doet | was impressed · was not permitted · was divided |
| Betrekkelijke bijzinnen who / which + zin — extra informatie over een persoon of ding | one who later · Musafarpur, which was · Those who opposed |
| Present perfect have/has + voltooid deelwoord — iets uit het verleden dat nu nog telt | have come · have claimed · have behaved |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 8 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals can't, didn't, shouldn't. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De “th”-klanken: synthetic /sɪnˈθɛtɪk/, twentieth /ˈtwɛn.ti.əθ/
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: sherry /ˈʃɛɹi/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, chaperon /ˈʃæ.pəˌɹoʊn/, shameful /ˈʃeɪmfəl/, sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: disobedience /dɪs.əˈbiː.dɪəns/, illiterate /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/, accompany /əˈkʌm.pə.ni/, untouchable /ʌnˈtʌtʃəbəl/, sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən/
Klanken die Nederlandstaligen lastig vinden:
- Stemhebbende eindmedeklinker — /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/ niet verscherpen: landlord /ˈlæn(d).lɔɹd/, refund /ɹɪˈfʌnd/, divide /dɪˈvaɪd/, disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/, bind /ˈbaɪ̯nd/
- /æ/ — opener dan de Nederlandse “e”: landlord /ˈlæn(d).lɔɹd/, castor /ˈkæs.tɚ/, pacifist /ˈpæsɪfɪst/, companion /kəmˈpæn.jən/, baffle /ˈbæf(ə)l/
- /g/ — een harde plofklank, geen Nederlandse “g”: indigo /ˈɪndɪˌɡoʊ/, telegram /ˈtɛləˌɡɹæm/, greet /ɡɹiːt/, investigator /ɪnˈvɛs.tɪˌɡeɪ̯.təː/, illegally /ɪˈliːɡəli/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als indigo, sharecropper, bail.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.