Prática de Shadowing: Indigo Class 12 animation in English - Aprenda a falar inglês com vídeo
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When I first visited Gandhi in 1942 at his ashram in Sevigaram,
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he said, I will tell you how it happened that I decided to urge the departure of the British.
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It was in 1917.
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He had gone to the December 1916 annual meeting of the Indian National Congress in Lucknow.
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There were 2,301 representatives and many visitors.
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A peasant came up to me.
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He said, I am Rajkumar Shukra.
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I am from Champaran, and I want you to come to my district.
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Gandhi had never heard of that place.
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It was in the foothills of the Himalayas.
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At that time, the Champaran peasants were sharecroppers.
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Means, they got only a share of the crops.
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Rajkumar was one of them.
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He was illiterate, but determined.
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He had come to the Congress session to complain about the injustice of the landlord system in Bihar,
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and somebody probably had suggested him to go to Gandhi.
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Rajkumar, I have an appointment in Karnapur, and I also have to go to other parts of India.
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I'll accompany you.
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The peasant accompanied him everywhere.
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At last, Gandhi returned to the ashram near Ahmedabad.
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Rajkumar followed him to his ashram.
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For weeks, he stayed there.
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Fix a date.
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Gandhi was impressed by his determination.
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I have to be in Calcutta on such and such a date.
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Come and meet me and take me from there.
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Months passed.
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When Gandhi arrived at the appointment in Calcutta, he waited till Gandhi was free.
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Then, they both boarded a train for the city of Patna in Bihar.
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There, Rajkumar led him to the house of a lawyer named Rajendra Prasad.
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Yes, the one who later became the first president of India.
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He was out of the town.
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But the servants knew Rajkumar as a poor landlord, who disturbed Rajendra Prasad to help the indigo sharecroppers.
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So they let him and his companion Gandhi to stay there.
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But they thought of Gandhi to be another peasant.
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Gandhi was not permitted to draw water from the well.
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They didn't know if he was untouchable or not.
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If he were, some drops from his bucket could pollute the entire source.
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Gandhi decided to go to Musafarpur, which was on the way to Chaparren,
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to obtain more complete information about the conditions.
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He sent a telegram to Professor J.
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B. Kripalaini of the Arts College in Musafarpur.
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The train reached at midnight on the 15th of April, 1917.
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At the station, Kripalani was standing with a large group of boys.
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Gandhi stayed there for two days. Where?
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In the home of Professor Malkani, a teacher in a government school.
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It was an extraordinary thing in those days for a government professor to give shelter to a man like me.
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But Professor Morghany let me stay.
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The news of Gandhi's arrival spread quickly through Musa Farper, and also to Chaparren.
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Sharecroppers from Chaparren and lawyers of Musa Farper met him.
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The lawyers frequently fought cases in the court for the peasants.
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They told him about their cases, and reported the size of their fee.
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You shouldn't collect such big fee from the sharecroppers.
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I have come to the conclusion that we should stop going law courts.
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Taking such cases to the law courts does no good.
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Where the peasants are so crushed and fear-stricken, law courts are useless.
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The real relief for them is to be free from fear.
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The cropland in Chaparren was divided into large estates owned by Englishmen and worked by Indian peasants.
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The chief commercial crop was indigo.
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The landlords forced them to plant three-twentieths of their land, that is, 15% of their land with indigo,
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and give all the indigo harvest as rent.
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Then, the landlords came to know that Germany had developed synthetic indigo.
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Indigo plantation was not profitable anymore.
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Now, the peasants had to pay them compensation for being released from the 15% system.
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The sherry-cropping arrangement was troublesome to the peasants, still, many agreed.
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Those who opposed, were tortured by thugs, hired by the landlords.
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Meanwhile, the information about synthetic indigo reached illiterate peasants.
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Now they wanted their money back.
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At this point, Gandhi arrived in Chaparren.
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He began by trying to get the facts.
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First, he visited the secretary of the British Landlords Association.
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We can't give information to an outsider.
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I am not an outsider.
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Next, he went to the British official commissioner of the Tearhut Division.
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Chaparim District laid in the Tearhut Division.
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The commissioner began to frighten me and advised me to leave Tearhut.
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He didn't leave.
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Instead, he proceeded to Motohari, the capital of Champurin.
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At the station, a huge crowd greeted him.
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He went to a house, and using it as headquarters, continued his investigations.
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A report came in that a peasant had been maltreated in a village nearby.
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Gandhi decided to go and see.
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The next morning, he started out on the back of an elephant.
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On the way, a messenger of the police superintendent ordered him to return to his town.
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Gandhi obeyed.
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He was served a notice to leave Jamparin immediately.
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Gandhi signed a receipt for the notice and wrote on it that he would disobey the order.
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Because of this, Gandhi received a court's order to appear in the court next day.
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All night, he remained awake.
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He telegraphed Rajendra to come with his influential friends.
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He sent instructions to the ashram.
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He wired a full report to the viceroy.
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The next morning, thousands of peasants demonstrated to support Gandhi.
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Their demonstration around the courthouse was the beginning of their liberation from fear of the British.
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The officials felt helpless.
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Gandhi helped to control the crowd.
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He was polite and friendly.
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The government was baffled.
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The government's advocate requested the judge to postpone the trial.
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Gandhi protested against the delay.
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He made the statement.
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obey the higher law of our being, the voice of inner being.
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I accept my fault.
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I will pronounce the sentence after a two-hour recess.
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You have to present your bail for those two hours.
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Bail means security for release.
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I can't give any bail.
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The judge released him without a bail.
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When the court was reconvened after two hours, he said, I will not deliver any judgment for some days.
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For that period, Gandhi will remain in liberty.
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Rajendra, Bri Kisarabu, Maulana Mazurul, and several other lawyers had arrived.
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They discussed with Gandhi.
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What would you do if I were sentenced to prison?
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The senior lawyer said.
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We had come to advise and help you.
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If you went to jail, there would be nobody to advise, and we would go home.
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What about the injustice to the sharecroppers?
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After the consultations, Rajendra concluded.
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They thought, amongst themselves, that Gandhi was totally a stranger.
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He was prepared to go to prison for the sake of peasants.
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They are being not only residents of the nearby districts, but also those who have claimed to help the peasants.
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If they should go home, it would be a shameful leaving.
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They all went back to Gandhi and told him that if he would be sentenced to prison in the next trial, they were ready to follow him into jail.
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Seeing their cooperation, he exclaimed, The Battle of Champaran is won.
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He took a piece of paper and divided the group into pairs
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and put down the arrangement in which each pair would surrender in the court.
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Several days later, Gandhi received a letter from the magistrate informing him
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that the lieutenant governor had ordered the case to be dropped.
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Civil disobedience had triumphed, first time in modern India.
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Now, Gandhi and the lawyers began to conduct investigation into the complaints of the peasants.
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Evidences by about 10,000 peasants were written down.
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Documents were collected.
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The whole area trembled by the activity of investigators and violent protests of the landlords.
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In June, Gandhi was summoned to Sir Edward Gate, the lieutenant governor.
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Summon means to order to be present.
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Before going to him, Gandhi met the leading companions, and again detailed plans for civil disobedience.
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If he shouldn't return, there, he had four interviews with the lieutenant governor.
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As a result, the lieutenant governor appointed an official commission of inquiry into the Indigo sharecropper's situation.
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The commission consisted of landlords, government officials,
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and Gandhi as the only representative of the peasants he remained in chaperon for straight seven months
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and then again for some shorter visits the visit undertaken casually
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because of the request of a peasant in the expectation
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that it would last a few days occupied almost a year
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of gandhi's life the official inquiry collected a mountain of evidence against the big landlords when they saw this,
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they agreed to make refunds to the peasants.
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But how much must we pay?
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They thought he would demand repayment in full of the money which they had illegally and forcefully taken from the sharecroppers.
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50%!
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Jay Z.
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Hodge, a British missionary, wrote on this event.
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There, Gandhi seemed fixed.
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Thinking that he would not surrender, the representative of the landlords offered to return to extent of 25%.
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And to his amazement, Mr. Gandhi agreed, thus breaking the confusion.
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The amount of refund is less important than the fact that the landlords were forced to surrender part of their money, and with it, part of their honor.
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Therefore, as far as the peasants are concerned, the landlords have behaved as lords above law.
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Now, the The pesant can see that he have rights.
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He has learned courage.
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Events proved Gandhi's position.
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Within a few years, the British landlords abandoned their estates, which were given back to the peasants.
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Indigo sherry cropping disappeared.
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Gandhi never satisfied himself with large political or economic solutions.
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He saw the cultural and social backwardness in the Champurin villages, and wanted to do something immediately.
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Mahadev Desai, and Nairhari Parikh, two young men who had just joined Gandhi as disciples, with their wives, offered for the work.
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Several more came from Bombay, Pune and other parts.
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Gandhi's wife Kastrabi, with her son, Devadas, also arrived from the Ashram.
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Primary schools were opened in six villages.
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Castor Bai taught the ashram rules on personal cleanliness and community sanitation.
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Health conditions were miserable.
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Gandhi got a doctor to provide services for six months.
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Three medicines were available castor oil, quinine, and sulfur ointment.
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Anybody who showed a coated tongue was given castor oil.
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Anybody with malaria fever was given quinine plus castor oil.
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Anybody with skin rashes was given sulfur ointment plus castor oil.
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Gandhi noticed the dirty state of women's clothes.
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He asked castor by to talk to them about it.
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One woman took her into her hut and said, Look, there is no box or cover here for clothes.
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The sari I'm wearing is the only one I have.
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During his long stay in Chaparren, Gandhi kept a remote watch on his ashram.
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He sent regular instructions and asked for financial accounts.
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Once he wrote to the residents that it was time to fill in the old latrine gutters and dig new ones.
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Otherwise, the old ones would begin to smell bad.
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The Chaparren episode was a turning point in Gandhi's life.
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What I did was a very ordinary thing.
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I declared that the British could not order me about in my own country.
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Chaparren did not begin as an act of disobedience.
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Rather, it grew out of an effort to remove the trouble of large numbers of poor peasants.
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This was the typical Gandhi method.
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His politics were mixed up with the practical, day-to-day problems of the millions.
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He was not a loyalty to imaginary things.
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He was loyal to living, human beings.
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In everything he did, he tried to make a new free Indian, who could stand on his own feet, and thus, make India free.
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Early in Chaperin Action, C.F.
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Andrews, the English pacifist, Pacifist means, one who is against wars.
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who had become his follower, came to meet Gandhi before going to the Fiji Islands.
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Gandhi's lawyer friends thought it would be a good idea for Andrews to stay in Chaparron and help them.
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Andrews was willing if Gandhi agreed, but Gandhi opposed.
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He said to the lawyers, You think, in this unequal fight, it will be helpful if we have an Englishman on our side?
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This shows the weakness of your heart.
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The cause is fair, and you must rely on yourself to win the battle.
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You must not see a support in Mr. Andrews, because he is an Englishman.
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Rajendra Prasad comments.
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He had read our minds correctly, and we had no reply.
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Gandhi, in this way, taught us a lesson in self-reliance.
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Self-reliance, Indian independence, and help to sharecroppers, were all bound together.
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Vocabulário e dicas de fala para esta lição
Esta aula de conversação de nível B2 usa o vídeo “Indigo Class 12 animation in English”. As palavras que mais se repetem: Gandhi, peasant, landlord, indigo, Chaparren. Este vídeo tem 204 frases e 2118 palavras para praticar shadowing. A fala dura 16:15. O falante mantém um ritmo estável de cerca de 130 palavras por minuto, confortável para o shadowing. Apenas 77% das palavras estão entre as 3.000 mais comuns do inglês, por isso o vocabulário é exigente.
Vocabulário principal deste vídeo
As 15 palavras mais avançadas do vídeo, com pronúncia e significado:
| Palavra | Pronúncia | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| indigo substantivo | /ˈɪndɪˌɡoʊ/ | anil, índigo |
| ashram substantivo | ashram, ashrama | |
| sharecropper substantivo | parceiro rural, meeiro | |
| bail substantivo | /beɪl/ | fiança, caução |
| crop substantivo | /kɹɑp/ | cultura, cultivo |
| disobedience substantivo | /dɪs.əˈbiː.dɪəns/ | desobediência |
| surrender verbo | /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/ | render, entregar |
| illiterate adjetivo | /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/ | analfabeto, iletrado |
| ointment substantivo | /ˈɔɪn(t)m(ə)nt/ | pomada |
| pacifist substantivo | /ˈpæsɪfɪst/ | pacifista |
| quinine substantivo | /ˈkwaɪ.naɪn/ | quinina, quinino |
| sherry substantivo | /ˈʃɛɹi/ | xerez |
| sulfur substantivo | /ˈsʌl.fə/ | enxofre |
| summon verbo | /ˈsʌmən/ | convocar |
| outsider substantivo | /ˌaʊtˈsaɪdəɹ/ | marginal, forasteiro |
Phrasal verbs que você vai ouvir
| Palavra | Significado |
|---|---|
| write down verbo | anotar |
Frases que vale a pena repetir
Frases curtas e completas do vídeo que você pode usar na conversa do dia a dia:
- You shouldn't collect such big fee from the sharecroppers.
- We can't give information to an outsider.
- I can't give any bail.
- What would you do if I were sentenced to prison?
Gramática neste vídeo
As estruturas que o falante mais usa, com as palavras exatas do vídeo:
| Estrutura | No vídeo |
|---|---|
| Frases condicionais if + oração, will/would + verbo — uma condição e seu resultado | If you went to jail, there would be · If they should go home, it would be |
| Voz passiva be + particípio passado — o foco está no que acontece, não em quem faz | was impressed · was not permitted · was divided |
| Orações relativas who / which + oração — informação extra sobre uma pessoa ou coisa | one who later · Musafarpur, which was · Those who opposed |
| Present perfect have/has + particípio passado — uma ação passada que ainda importa agora | have come · have claimed · have behaved |
Pronúncia para ficar de olho
O falante usa 8 contrações e formas reduzidas, como can't, didn't, shouldn't. Diga-as na forma curta, do jeito que você ouve.
- Os sons de “th”: synthetic /sɪnˈθɛtɪk/, twentieth /ˈtwɛn.ti.əθ/
- Os sons de “sh” e “zh”: sherry /ˈʃɛɹi/, instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/, chaperon /ˈʃæ.pəˌɹoʊn/, shameful /ˈʃeɪmfəl/, sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən/
- Palavras longas — acerte a sílaba tônica: disobedience /dɪs.əˈbiː.dɪəns/, illiterate /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/, accompany /əˈkʌm.pə.ni/, untouchable /ʌnˈtʌtʃəbəl/, sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən/
Sons difíceis para falantes de português:
- Consoante final — sem acrescentar um “i” depois: landlord /ˈlæn(d).lɔɹd/, crop /kɹɑp/, illiterate /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/, ointment /ˈɔɪn(t)m(ə)nt/, pacifist /ˈpæsɪfɪst/
- /l/ final — a língua toca o céu da boca, não vira “u”: bail /beɪl/, baffle /ˈbæf(ə)l/, disciple /dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/, unequal /ʌnˈiːkwəl/, untouchable /ʌnˈtʌtʃəbəl/
- /h/ — um sopro suave, diferente do “r”: courthouse /ˈkɔɹt.haʊs/, helpless /ˈhɛlplɪs/, behave /bɪˈheɪv/, harvest /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/
Como praticar com este vídeo
- Ouça o vídeo inteiro uma vez sem falar e anote as palavras que você não conhece.
- Faça shadowing frase por frase na velocidade normal, repetindo cada uma até o seu ritmo ficar igual ao do falante.
- Grave a sua voz e compare com o original, prestando atenção a palavras como indigo, ashram, sharecropper.
O que é a Técnica de Shadowing?
Shadowing é uma técnica de aprendizado de idiomas com base científica, originalmente desenvolvida para o treinamento de intérpretes profissionais. O método é simples, mas poderoso: você ouve áudio em inglês nativo e repete imediatamente em voz alta — como uma sombra seguindo o falante com 1-2 segundos de atraso. Pesquisas mostram melhora significativa na precisão da pronúncia, entonação, ritmo, sons conectados, compreensão auditiva e fluência na fala.