Shadowing Practice: Phrasal verb prepositions: DOWN part 06: DOWN & UP mean ALONG - Learn English Speaking with Video
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Hi everyone and welcome back.
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Today we're going to take another look at the prepositions up
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and down and what they can mean when used with phrasal verbs.
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So in a previous video, we saw that down looks like this and up looks like this.
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And strangely enough, we can extend both of these to get the idea of along.
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Now the reason for this has to do with the different ways we can perceive objects
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when they move along a horizontal surface.
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So to visualize this, let's imagine that we're standing on a flat surface, like a road, looking at an object.
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If the object starts moving along the road but away from us, it appears as if it's moving in in an upward direction.
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Therefore, we can associate the idea of along with the preposition up.
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At the same time, however, the object appears to decrease in size as it moves farther away.
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So we can also associate along with the preposition down, since the object's size appears to decrease. So, oddly enough,
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an object moving away from us along a horizontal surface can be associated with either the preposition up or down.
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Now, when the object moves along the road but towards us, the same thing happens in reverse.
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As it gets closer, its size appears to increase.
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So we can associate this with the preposition up.
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Yet, it also appears to be moving in a downward direction, so we can associate this with the preposition down.
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So, as you can see, movement along a horizontal surface in either direction could be perceived as either up or down.
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Unfortunately, there's no hard and fast rule about which preposition, up
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or down is the best one to use in a given situation as it depends on a variety of factors
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and is somewhat subjective.
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So let's take a look at some examples of phrasal verbs with up or down in which they mean along.
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How do you think we could describe this?
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Here, a car drives along a street.
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So we can say, the car drives up the street.
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Drives means drive, and up means along.
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So the sentence just means, the car drives along the street.
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Now we can also use down here instead of up to mean along.
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That is, we could also say, the car drives down the street.
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Either preposition would be fine.
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Alright, let's try another one.
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How do you think we could describe this using a phrasal verb with up or down?
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Here the bartender slides a drink along the bar.
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So we can say, the bartender slides the drink down the bar.
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Slides means slide, and down means along.
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So the sentence just means, the bartender slides the drink along the bar.
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Now, we could use the preposition up here as well.
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That is, we could say, the bartender slides the drink, ups the bar, although to my ears down would be a bit more natural in this situation.
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Okay, let's try one more.
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How do you think we could describe this.
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Here a man looks along the barrel of a gun.
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So we can say the man looks down the barrel of the gun.
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Looks means look and and down means along.
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So the sentence just means, the man looks along the barrel of the gun.
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Now, in this case, we probably wouldn't use the preposition up.
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That is, we wouldn't say the man looks up the barrel of the gun.
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This is because the phrasal verb look up has a separate meaning and might be a bit confusing to the listener.
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So, I hope this helped you understand the prepositions up
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and down a little bit better and why they both can mean along.
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And we'll see you next time.
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Cheers.
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Woordenschat en spreektips bij deze les
Deze video bevat 51 zinnen en 632 woorden om na te spreken. Het gesproken deel duurt 5:49. De spreker praat langzaam, ongeveer 109 woorden per minuut, zodat je tijd hebt om elke klank na te doen. 86% van de woorden hoort bij de 3.000 meest gebruikte Engelse woorden; de rest kun je beter vooraf bekijken.
Belangrijke woorden in deze video
15 woorden uit de video die het leren waard zijn, met uitspraak en betekenis:
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| slide zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈslaɪ̯d/ | glijbaan, schuifaf |
| barrel zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈbæɹəl/ | ton, vat |
| verb zelfstandig naamwoord | /vɝb/ | werkwoord |
| bartender zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈbɑɹˌtɛndɚ/ | kastelein |
| horizontal bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/ | horizontaal |
| decrease werkwoord | /dɪˈkɹiːs/ | afnemen, verminderen |
| perceive werkwoord | /pɚˈsiv/ | waarnemen |
| ear zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈɪə̯/ | oor |
| extend werkwoord | /ɛkˈstɛnd/ | uitbreiden |
| depend werkwoord | /dɪˈpɛnd/ | afhangen |
| cheers | /t͡ʃɪəz/ | proost |
| subjective bijvoeglijk naamwoord | /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ | subjectief |
| confuse werkwoord | /kənˈfjuːz/ | verwarren, in de war brengen |
| listener zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ | luisteraar, toehoorder |
| preposition zelfstandig naamwoord | /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/ | voorzetsel, kastwoord |
Phrasal verbs die je zult horen
| Woord | Uitspraak | Betekenis |
|---|---|---|
| look up werkwoord | /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ | opkijken |
Uitspraak om op te letten
De spreker gebruikt 5 samentrekkingen en verkorte vormen, zoals we're, wouldn't, we'll. Spreek ze kort uit, zoals je ze hoort.
- De klanken “sh” en “zh”: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, visualize /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/
- Lange woorden — let op de klemtoon: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/
Zo oefen je met deze video
- Luister de hele video één keer zonder te spreken en noteer de woorden die je niet kent.
- Spreek zin voor zin na op normale snelheid en herhaal elke zin tot je ritme gelijk is aan dat van de spreker.
- Neem jezelf op en vergelijk met het origineel; let daarbij op woorden als slide, barrel, verb.
Wat is de Shadowing-techniek?
Shadowing is een wetenschappelijk onderbouwde taalleermethode die oorspronkelijk is ontwikkeld voor professionele tolkentraining en gepopulariseerd door polyglot Dr. Alexander Arguelles. De methode is eenvoudig maar krachtig: je luistert naar native Engelse audio en herhaalt het onmiddellijk hardop — als een schaduw die de spreker volgt met slechts 1–2 seconden vertraging. In tegenstelling tot passief luisteren of grammaticadrills, dwingt shadowing je hersenen en mondspieren om echte spraakpatronen tegelijkertijd te verwerken en te reproduceren. Onderzoek toont aan dat het de uitspraaknauwkeurigheid, intonatie, ritme, verbonden spraak, luisterbegrip en spreekvaardigheid aanzienlijk verbetert — waardoor het een van de meest effectieve methoden is voor IELTS Speaking-voorbereiding en echte Engelse communicatie.