シャドーイング練習: Phrasal verb prepositions: DOWN part 06: DOWN & UP mean ALONG - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Hi everyone and welcome back.

Today we're going to take another look at the prepositions up

and down and what they can mean when used with phrasal verbs.

So in a previous video, we saw that down looks like this and up looks like this.

And strangely enough, we can extend both of these to get the idea of along.

Now the reason for this has to do with the different ways we can perceive objects

when they move along a horizontal surface.

So to visualize this, let's imagine that we're standing on a flat surface, like a road, looking at an object.

If the object starts moving along the road but away from us, it appears as if it's moving in in an upward direction.

Therefore, we can associate the idea of along with the preposition up.

At the same time, however, the object appears to decrease in size as it moves farther away.

So we can also associate along with the preposition down, since the object's size appears to decrease. So, oddly enough,

an object moving away from us along a horizontal surface can be associated with either the preposition up or down.

Now, when the object moves along the road but towards us, the same thing happens in reverse.

As it gets closer, its size appears to increase.

So we can associate this with the preposition up.

Yet, it also appears to be moving in a downward direction, so we can associate this with the preposition down.

So, as you can see, movement along a horizontal surface in either direction could be perceived as either up or down.

Unfortunately, there's no hard and fast rule about which preposition, up

or down is the best one to use in a given situation as it depends on a variety of factors

and is somewhat subjective.

So let's take a look at some examples of phrasal verbs with up or down in which they mean along.

How do you think we could describe this?

Here, a car drives along a street.

So we can say, the car drives up the street.

Drives means drive, and up means along.

So the sentence just means, the car drives along the street.

Now we can also use down here instead of up to mean along.

That is, we could also say, the car drives down the street.

Either preposition would be fine.

Alright, let's try another one.

How do you think we could describe this using a phrasal verb with up or down?

Here the bartender slides a drink along the bar.

So we can say, the bartender slides the drink down the bar.

Slides means slide, and down means along.

So the sentence just means, the bartender slides the drink along the bar.

Now, we could use the preposition up here as well.

That is, we could say, the bartender slides the drink, ups the bar, although to my ears down would be a bit more natural in this situation.

Okay, let's try one more.

How do you think we could describe this.

Here a man looks along the barrel of a gun.

So we can say the man looks down the barrel of the gun.

Looks means look and and down means along.

So the sentence just means, the man looks along the barrel of the gun.

Now, in this case, we probably wouldn't use the preposition up.

That is, we wouldn't say the man looks up the barrel of the gun.

This is because the phrasal verb look up has a separate meaning and might be a bit confusing to the listener.

So, I hope this helped you understand the prepositions up

and down a little bit better and why they both can mean along.

And we'll see you next time.

Cheers.

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このレッスンの語彙とスピーキングのポイント

この動画には、シャドーイング用の文が51文、単語が632語あります。音声の長さは5:49です。話す速さはゆっくりで、1分あたり約109語です。一つ一つの音をまねる余裕があります。単語の86%は英語の頻出3,000語に含まれます。残りは練習の前に確認しておきましょう。

この動画の重要語彙

動画に出てくる覚えておきたい単語15語を、発音と意味つきで紹介します。

単語	発音	意味
slide 名詞	/ˈslaɪ̯d/	滑り台
associate 名詞	/əˈsoʊʃi.ət/	提携者
barrel 名詞	/ˈbæɹəl/	樽
verb 名詞	/vɝb/	動詞
bartender 名詞	/ˈbɑɹˌtɛndɚ/	バーテンダー, バーテン
horizontal 形容詞	/ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/	水平な, 横の
decrease 動詞	/dɪˈkɹiːs/	減少する, 減る
perceive 動詞	/pɚˈsiv/	知覚する, 認める
ear 名詞	/ˈɪə̯/	耳
depend 動詞	/dɪˈpɛnd/	依存する
subjective 形容詞	/səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/	主観的
confuse 動詞	/kənˈfjuːz/	混乱させる
listener 名詞	/ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/	聞き手, 聴取者
preposition 名詞	/ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/	前置詞
visualize 動詞	/ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/	思い描く, 視覚化する

動画に出てくる句動詞

単語	発音	意味
look up 動詞	/ˌlʊk ˈʌp/	見上げる

注意したい発音

話し手はwe're, wouldn't, we'llなど、短縮形や弱形を5回使っています。聞こえたとおりの短い形で発音しましょう。

「sh」と「zh」の音: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/, visualize /ˈvɪʒuəˌlaɪz/
長い単語（アクセントの位置に注意）: associate /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/, horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑn.təl/, preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/

この動画での練習方法

まず声を出さずに動画を最後まで聞き、知らない単語をメモします。
通常の速度で一文ずつシャドーイングし、話し手のリズムに合うまで繰り返します。
自分の声を録音して元の音声と比べます。slide, associate, barrelなどの単語に特に注意しましょう。

シャドーイングとは？英語上達に効果的な理由

シャドーイング（Shadowing）は、もともとプロの通訳者養成プログラムで開発された言語学習法で、多言語習得者として知られるDr. Alexander Arguelles によって広く普及されました。方法はシンプルですが非常に効果的：ネイティブスピーカーの英語を聞きながら、1〜2秒の遅延で声に出してすぐに繰り返す——まるで「影（shadow）」のように話者を追いかけます。文法ドリルや受動的なリスニングと異なり、シャドーイングは脳と口の筋肉が同時にリアルタイムで英語を処理・再現することを強制します。研究により、発音精度、抑揚、リズム、連音、リスニング力、そして会話の流暢さが大幅に向上することが確認されています。IELTSスピーキング対策や自然な英語コミュニケーションを目指す方に特におすすめです。

シャドーイングのやり方: ステップ別の完全ガイドを読む →

シャドーイング練習: Phrasal verb prepositions: DOWN part 06: DOWN & UP mean ALONG - 動画で英語スピーキングを学ぶ

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Phrasal verb prepositions: DOWN part 05: DOWN means NOT FUNCTIONING

Phrasal verb prepositions: ON part 02: ON means ABOUT

Phrasal verb prepositions: DOWN part 04: DOWN means DEFEAT

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